以冷敏感自交系B73和耐冷自交系W9816为材料，分析供试材料在冷胁迫条件下的miRNA表达谱。冷处理后，有10种miRNA上调表达，包括miR156、miR166b/c/d、miR171d/e、miR398a/b、miR399e和miR408等；有21个miRNA下调表达，包括miR159a、miR166h、miR167a/b/c/d/h/i、miR319b/d、miR393a/c和miR399a/b/c/h等。对部分miRNA的荧光定量检测与测序结果基本一致。基于生物信息学的预测，差异表达的miRNA共有84个靶基因，GO分析表明，这些靶基因参与了基因转录和能量代谢过程，并响应胁迫刺激。结果表明，冷处理差异表达miRNA及其靶基因在玉米冷胁迫响应中具有重要的生理作用。

In this study, we performed differential expression analysis on miRNAome dataset using two maize inbred lines, B73 is a cold-sensitive inbred line, W9816 is a cold resistant inbred line. Sequencing on miRNAome revealed that there were 10 miRNAs up-regulated after cold treatment including miR156, miR166c/b/d, miR171d/e, miR398a/b, miR399e and miR408. Conversely, there were 21 miRNAs down-regulated after cold treatment including miR159a, miR166h, miR167 a/b/c/d/h/i, miR319b/d, miR393a/c and miR399a/b/c/h. The qRT- PCR results of some miRNAs were consistent with the sequencing results. There were 84 differentially expressed miRNA target genes under cold treatment. GO analysis indicated that these target genes of differentially expressed miRNAs are involved in metabolism regulation, DNA transcription process and response to stimulus. The results indicated that the differentially expressed miRNAs and its target genes may play vital roles in maize in response to chilling stress.

国家农业部抗冷转基因专项“抗冷转基因玉米新种质新组合培育”（2014ZX0800305B）、吉林省教育厅“十三五”科学技术项目“玉米自交系苗期冷响应microRNA功能研究”（JJKH20180181KJ）