| 摘要: |
| 【目的】追溯系统是当前保障农产品安全的重要手段，研究基于区块链的农产品可信追溯系统为解决追溯系统应用中面临的追溯断链及可信度不高等问题提供了思路和方法。【方法】文章在分析追溯技术发展及我国追溯系统应用面临问题的基础上，结合区块链技术特点，提出了基于区块链的可信追溯系统框架，并探讨了系统实现的关键技术。【结果】可信追溯系统采用供应链层、数据层、网络层、共识层、合约层和应用层的体系架构，基于联盟链准入机制，通过供应链追溯区块数据结构、追溯主体身份认证机制、农产品安全共识机制等关键技术的实现，解决了农产品供应链各环节的数据存储、安全审核、节点认证等问题，为政府、组织、企业和消费者提供信息追溯服务。【结论】基于区块链的农产品可信追溯系统框架从技术层面保证了追溯信息的可靠性和安全性，是增强追溯信息可信度、降低追溯断链风险的有效解决方案。 |
| 关键词: 追溯 区块链 农产品 联盟链 |
| DOI：10.12105/j.issn.1672-0423.20190305 |
| 分类号: |
| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金项目“连续闭环加工中智能柔性追溯模型构建及系统验证：以小麦粉加工为例”（31671593）；中国农业科学院科技创新工程引进英才“智慧农业”（962-3） |
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| The structure of credible traceability system for agricultural products based on blockchain |
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Qian Jianping, Fan Beilei, Shi Yun, Wu Wenbin
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Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning，Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences，Beijing 100081，China
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| Abstract: |
| ［Purpose］Traceability is an important method to ensure the safety of agricultural products. Studying the credible traceability system for agricultural products based on blockchain provides ideas and methods to solve the problems of traditional traceability systems such as broken chain and low credibility.［ Method］Analysing the traditional traceability technologies and the problems existed in the application of traditional traceability system in China，this paper proposes a credible traceability system framework based on blockchain and discusses the key technologies of the system.［ Result］The credible traceability system consists of six layers，including supply chain layer，data layer，network layer，consensus layer，contract layer and application layer. Based on consortium blockchain access mechanism，it takes the key technologies such as traceable block data structure of supply chain，traceable subject identity authentication mechanism and agricultural product safety consensus mechanism to solve the problems of data storage，security audit，node authentication and other issues in agricultural products traceability for the government，organizations，enterprises and consumers.［ Conclusion］The credible traceability system of agricultural products based on blockchain solves the problems of traditional traceability system，and guarantees the reliability and security of traceability information from the technical level. It provides an effective solution to realize supply chain traceability. |
| Key words: traceability blockchain agricultural products consortium blockchain |
