Soil aggregate is the basic unit of soil structure and the microscopic description of soil hydraulic erosion is the fracture process of soil aggregate. According to the research data, plant roots have the ability to change the mechanical and hydrological characteristics of soil and promote the formation and stability of soil aggregates. Therefore, this paper makes a systematic review of the relevant research results at domestic and abroad in the past 20 years, analyzed the mechanism of plant roots on the formation of soil aggregates, and put forward the existing problems and research trends from the perspectives of the physical, biological and electrochemical studies on soil aggregates by roots. It is of great significance to deeply understand the effect of plant roots on formation and stability of soil aggregates, and to develop the soil erosion process model of root-soil interaction.