泌乳牛不同胎次干奶期瘤胃发酵指标与甲烷产量的特征

doi:10.11843/j.issn.0366-6964.2022.12.015

畜牧兽医学报 ›› 2022, Vol. 53 ›› Issue (12): 4296-4305.doi: 10.11843/j.issn.0366-6964.2022.12.015

泌乳牛不同胎次干奶期瘤胃发酵指标与甲烷产量的特征

刘志豪^1,2, 贾鹏¹, 赖琦³, 董利锋¹, 吴秋珏², 高彦华³, 田忠红⁴, 刁其玉^1*

1. 中国农业科学院饲料研究所/反刍动物及其幼畜营养代谢中美联合研究中心, 北京 100081;
2. 河南科技大学动物科技学院, 洛阳 471003;
3. 西南民族大学生命科学与技术学院, 成都 610041;
4. 山东银香伟业集团有限公司, 菏泽 274000

收稿日期:2022-01-17 出版日期:2022-12-23 发布日期:2022-12-25
通讯作者: 刁其玉，主要从事反刍动物营养与饲料科学研究，E-mail：diaoqiyu@caas.cn
作者简介:刘志豪(1995-)，男，河南郑州人，硕士生，主要从事动物营养与饲料科学研究，E-mail：liuzhihao15@163.com
基金资助:
国家重点研发计划政府间国际科技创新合作重点专项(2016YFE0109000)；中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项(Y2021GH18)

Characteristics of Rumen Fermentation and Methane Production in Different Parity Dry Cows

LIU Zhihao^1,2, JIA Peng¹, LAI Qi³, DONG Lifeng¹, WU Qiujue², GAO Yanhua³, TIAN Zhonghong⁴, DIAO Qiyu^1*

1. Sino-US Joint Lab on Nutrition and Metabolism of Ruminants, Feed Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China;
2. College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471003, China;
3. College of Life Science and Technology, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610041, China;
4. Shandong Yinxiang Weiye Group Co. LTD., Heze 274000, China

Received:2022-01-17 Online:2022-12-23 Published:2022-12-25

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 旨在采用GreenFeed测定系统评价胎次对干奶牛瘤胃发酵特征和甲烷(CH₄)排放量的影响，进而获得在舍饲生理状态下的CH₄排放规律，建立预测模型。试验共选取48头处于干奶期的荷斯坦奶牛，根据胎次分为4个组，每组12头奶牛，分别为一胎组、二胎组、三胎组、四胎及以上胎次组，试验期45 d，其中预试期5 d，正试期40 d。结果表明：1)三胎、四胎及以上组活体重和代谢体重显著高于一胎、二胎组(P<0.05)。2)三胎组的氨态氮(NH₃-N)浓度显著高于一胎组(P<0.05)，与二胎、四胎及以上组无显著差异(P>0.05)；一胎、二胎组的微生物蛋白(MCP)显著高于四胎及以上组(P<0.05)，与三胎组之间无显著差异(P>0.05)；一胎组瘤胃中戊酸显著低于三胎组(P<0.05)，与二胎和四胎及以上组之间无显著差异(P>0.05)；各个处理组之间的总挥发性脂肪酸(TVFA)、pH、乙酸、丙酸、丁酸、异丁酸、异戊酸、乙丙比均无显著差异(P>0.05)。3)干奶牛的平均CH₄排放量为336 g·d^-1，三胎、四胎及以上组干奶牛的CH₄排放量显著高于一胎组牛(P<0.05)，与二胎组牛无显著差异(P>0.05)。4) CH₄排放量与干奶牛胎次和体重呈极显著的正相关关系(P<0.01)，相关系数分别为0.47和0.61，基于体重建立预测模型：CH₄排放量(g·d^-1)=0.348×体重(kg)+64.018(R²=0.46)。综上可知，根据体重可以预测干奶期荷斯坦奶牛的CH₄排放量。该模型还可用于验证其他生理阶段奶牛的CH₄排放量。

关键词: 温室气体, 甲烷, GreenFeed, 瘤胃发酵, 奶牛

Abstract: The objectives of the present study were to investigate the effect of parity time on ruminal fermentation characteristics and methane (CH₄) production using the GreenFeed system, which examines relationships between methane (CH₄) output and animal body weight and parity time, and to use these relationships to develop prediction equations for CH₄ emission from Holstein cows at dry off in the normal physiological experimental under the housing condition. A total of 48 dry Holstein cows were selected and divided into 4 groups (12 cows in each group): first-, second-, third-, and fourth- and above-parity. The pre-trial period was 5 days and the formal trial period was 40 days. The results showed as follows: 1) The live weight and metabolic weight of third- and fourth- and above-parity groups were significantly higher than those of first- and second-parity groups (P<0.05). 2) Ammoniacal nitrogen (NH₃-N) of third-parity group was significantly higher than that of first-parity group (P<0.05), but no significant difference were found compared with the second-parity group and fourth- and above-parity groups (P>0.05); Compared with fourth- and above-parity group, microbial protein (MCP) of first-parity and second-parity groups were significantly increased (P<0.05), but there was no significant difference compared with the third-parity group (P>0.05); Compared with third-parity, valerate of first-parity group was significantly decreased (P<0.05), but there was not significantly different from the second-parity and fourth- and above-parity groups (P>0.05); The total volatile fatty acid (TVFA), pH, acetate, propionate, butyrat, isobutyrate, isovalerate, and acetate to propionate ratio were not significantly different among the treatment groups (P>0.05). 3) The average CH₄ emission of dry cows was 336 g·d^-1. The CH₄ emissions of dry cows within third-parity and fourth- and above-parity groups were significantly higher than those of first-parity group (P<0.05), and there was no significant difference compared with the group second-parity (P>0.05). 4) CH₄ emission was positively related to parity time and body weight (BW) of dry cows in the correlation coefficients of 0.47 or 0.61, respectively (P<0.01). Based on body weight to establish a prediction model CH₄(g·d^-1)=0.348×BW (kg)+64.018 (R²=0.46). It is concluded that CH₄ emission of Holstein cows at dry off can be predicted from BW. The dataset can also be used to validate a range of prediction equations for CH₄ production of cows under other physiologicalstates.

Key words: greenhouse gas, methane, GreenFeed, ruminal fermentation, cows

中图分类号:

S852.21

刘志豪, 贾鹏, 赖琦, 董利锋, 吴秋珏, 高彦华, 田忠红, 刁其玉. 泌乳牛不同胎次干奶期瘤胃发酵指标与甲烷产量的特征[J]. 畜牧兽医学报, 2022, 53(12): 4296-4305.

LIU Zhihao, JIA Peng, LAI Qi, DONG Lifeng, WU Qiujue, GAO Yanhua, TIAN Zhonghong, DIAO Qiyu. Characteristics of Rumen Fermentation and Methane Production in Different Parity Dry Cows[J]. Acta Veterinaria et Zootechnica Sinica, 2022, 53(12): 4296-4305.

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泌乳牛不同胎次干奶期瘤胃发酵指标与甲烷产量的特征

Characteristics of Rumen Fermentation and Methane Production in Different Parity Dry Cows

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