Since its introduction from Southeast Asia in the late 1980s, marble goby (Oxyeleotris marmorata) has been artificially bred and cultured in China over 3 decades, and has developed into an important and excellent aquatic fish species. With the fast expansion of the culture scale, the original varieties have been unable to meet the aquaculture requirements. Therefore, it is urgent to speed up the genetic and breeding research of the marble goby, and cultivate new variety with the ability to adapt to artificial compound feeds, fast growth, cold resistance, and disease resistance. This review summarizes the research progress of the marble goby around the world in the past half century. Firstly, we reviewed the feature and research progress of the reproduction, development and growth of embryos, larvae and adult fish of marble goby, and discussed the effects of temperature, salinity and hypoxia on marble goby. Secondly, we reviewed the achievement and progress of marble goby aquaculture, and the difficulties to overcome in the near future. Finally, we proposed the future directions for the marble goby research in aquaculture.