| 海南鹦哥岭附生兰物种组成、分布及与生态因子的关系 |
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| 引用本文： | 张培春,杨小波,夏丹,王群,王豪,曾润娟,戚春林,李东海,陈琳,田璐嘉,李晨笛,李龙,梁彩群.海南鹦哥岭附生兰物种组成、分布及与生态因子的关系[J].热带生物学报,2022,13(2):149-159. |
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| 作者姓名： | 张培春 杨小波 夏丹 王群 王豪 曾润娟 戚春林 李东海 陈琳 田璐嘉 李晨笛 李龙 梁彩群 |
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| 作者单位： | 海南大学 生态与环境学院，海口 570228 |
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| 基金项目： | 国家林业;草原局兰科植物资源专项调查项目 |
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| 摘 要： | 为了研究附生兰的物种组成、分布及与生态因子的关系，对海南热带雨林国家公园中的鹦哥岭地区的附生兰进行了调查，采用CCA探索了环境因子对物种组成的影响，计算了各环境因子对物种组成的总效应和净效应，并分析了附生兰物种丰富度和多度在不同环境梯度的变化情况。结果表明:（1） 所选9个环境因子共解释了物种组成变异的7.8%，其净效应由大到小依次为植被类型、树皮类型、年平均气温、每月最高气温与最低气温的差值平均值、最干月降雨量、海拔、郁闭度、坡向、坡度，仅坡度的净效应未达到显著。（2） 随海拔升高，附生兰物种丰富度呈现出先上升后下降的趋势，中低海拔段（700～900 m）物种最丰富，附生兰多度呈现出递增的趋势；缓坡地段，附生兰物种丰富度与多度均较高，阳坡和半阳坡的附生兰物种丰富度与多度较阴坡与半阴坡少；粗糙的树皮更易着生附生兰，覆盖物为树皮上的附生兰提供了良好的生长环境；多数附生兰倾向于生长在弱光环境中；低地雨林中附生兰物种最丰富，热带针叶林中的附生兰具较高的优势度；附生兰倾向于分布在较低的气温、每月最高气温与最低气温差值在（7.8～7.85）℃之间的生境中；在降雨量较多的环境中，附生兰物种丰富度和多度较高。
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| 关 键 词： | 附生型兰科植物 物种组成 丰富度 多度 生态因子 |
| 收稿时间： | 2021-12-22 |
Relationship between species composition and distribution of epiphytic orchids and ecological factors in Yinggeling Mountain,Hainan |
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| ZHANG Peichun,YANG Xiaobo,XIA Dan,WANG Qun,WANG Hao,ZENG Runjuan,QI Chunlin,LI Donghai,CHEN Lin,TIAN Lujia,LI Chendi,LI Long,LIANG Caiqun.Relationship between species composition and distribution of epiphytic orchids and ecological factors in Yinggeling Mountain,Hainan[J].Journal of Tropical Biology,2022,13(2):149-159. |
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| Authors: | ZHANG Peichun YANG Xiaobo XIA Dan WANG Qun WANG Hao ZENG Runjuan QI Chunlin LI Donghai CHEN Lin TIAN Lujia LI Chendi LI Long LIANG Caiqun |
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| Affiliation: | College of Ecology and Environment, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan 570228, China |
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| Abstract: | The relationship between species composition and distribution of epiphytic orchids and ecological factors is of great significance for epiphytic orchids conservation and habitat protection. A survey was made of the epiphytic orchid species in the Yinggeling Mountain section of Hainan Tropical Rainforest National Park. The influence of ecological factors on the composition of epiphytic orchids was analyzed by using Canonical Correspondence Analysis (CCA) and the total effect and the net effect of the factors on the epiphytic orchid species were calculated by using partial CCA. The epiphytic orchid species richness and abundance in environmental changes at different gradients were analyzed. Results showed that the selected 9 ecological factors explained 7.8% of the variation of the species, with their net effect being in the order of vegetation type > bark type > annual average air temperature > average of monthly difference between the highest and lowest temperatures > precipitation in the driest month > altitude > canopy density > slope aspect > slope gradient. The factors except the slope gradient had significant net effect. The species richness of the epiphytic orchids increased and then decreased with the increase of altitude, and the species richness was the highest at the altitude of between 700 m and 900 m, but the abundance of the epiphytic orchids showed an increasing trend. The species richness and abundance of the epiphytic orchids were higher on the gentle slopes, and lower on the sunny and semi-sunny slopes than on the shady and semi-shady slopes. The rough bark was more likely to give rise to epiphytic orchids, and the covering on the barks provided comfortable growth environment for epiphytic orchids. Most epiphytic orchids tended to grow in a low-light environment. The epiphytic orchid species were the most abundant in tropical lowland rainforest, and the epiphytic orchids had higher dominance in tropical coniferous forests. The epiphytic orchids tended to be distributed in the habitats at low temperature, and the difference between monthly maximum temperature and monthly minimum temperature was (7.8 ? 7.85) ℃. The species richness and abundance of the epiphytic orchids were higher in the environment with higher rainfall in the Yinggeling mountain. |
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