| 不同覆盖处理对茶园小气候及碾茶品质的影响 |
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| 引用本文： | 刘瑜,何卫中,娄艳华,疏再发,吉庆勇,邵静娜.不同覆盖处理对茶园小气候及碾茶品质的影响[J].南方农业学报,2021,52(3):711-721. |
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| 作者姓名： | 刘瑜 何卫中 娄艳华 疏再发 吉庆勇 邵静娜 |
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| 作者单位： | 1. 丽水市农林科学研究院, 浙江丽水 323000;2. 河南工业大学, 郑州 450001 |
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| 基金项目： | 现代农业产业技术体系项目（CARS-19）；浙江省农业重大技术协同推广项目（2018XTTGCY02-04） |
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| 摘 要： | 【目的】研究覆盖条件对茶园小气候及碾茶品质的影响，筛选出利于碾茶品质的覆盖方式，为提高碾茶生产质量提供理论依据。【方法】以龙井43为试验品种，黑色遮阳网为覆盖材料，设3种遮光度（55%、75%、95%）、2种覆盖高度（直接覆盖高0.6 m、棚式覆盖高1.8 m）、3种覆盖时间（15、20和25 d），共18组覆盖处理，以不覆盖为对照。在秋春季两季进行试验，分析不同覆盖处理对茶园小气候、鲜叶产量、叶绿素含量、碾茶中生化成分及感官品质的影响。【结果】覆盖能有效降低茶蓬面光照强度和光合有效辐射，降低日最高温，缩小气温日较差，提高空气湿度。棚式覆盖对于茶园小气候的稳定效果优于直接覆盖。覆盖后茶树鲜叶中叶绿素总量增加，秋季和春季分别以遮光度75%+直接覆盖15 d处理和遮光度95%+棚式覆盖15 d处理的叶绿素含量最高，分别比对照高33.86%和57.27%。覆盖使碾茶中氨基酸含量增加，秋季和春季分别以遮光度95%、直接覆盖25和20 d的氨基酸含量最高，分别高于对照127.55%和144.06%。覆盖后碾茶中茶多酚含量降低，覆盖天数与茶多酚含量呈负相关，秋季和春季分别以遮光度95%+棚式覆盖25 d和遮光度75%+直接覆盖25 d处理的茶多酚含量最低，分别低于对照54.04%和55.19%。覆盖使碾茶中咖啡碱含量提高，秋春两季均以遮光度95%+直接覆盖20 d处理的咖啡碱含量最高，分别比对照高58.91%和62.98%。秋季覆盖使水浸出物含量有所降低。高遮光度和长时间遮光处理不利于茶树干物质积累，秋春两季产量均以遮光度95%+直接覆盖处理的产量最低。覆盖后碾茶外形颜色绿润、汤色黄绿明亮、有清香、滋味清爽，感官品质高于未覆盖处理。【结论】覆盖有利于稳定茶园小气候。延长遮光时间、提高遮光度可提高碾茶品质，过度遮阴会导致产量降低。使用遮光度95%的遮阳网棚式覆盖25 d后碾茶综合品质最优，可在生产中推广应用。
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| 关 键 词： | 碾茶 覆盖条件 生化成分 感官品质 |
| 收稿时间： | 2021-01-04 |
Effects of different shading treatments on microclimate of tea garden and the quality of flake tea |
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| LIU Yu,HE Wei-zhong,LOU Yan-hua,SHU Zai-fa,JI Qing-yong,SHAO Jing-na.Effects of different shading treatments on microclimate of tea garden and the quality of flake tea[J].Journal of Southern Agriculture,2021,52(3):711-721. |
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| Authors: | LIU Yu HE Wei-zhong LOU Yan-hua SHU Zai-fa JI Qing-yong SHAO Jing-na |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Lishui Institute of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Lishui, Zhejiang 323000, China;2. Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China |
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| Abstract: | 【Objective】In order to study the effects of shading conditions on microclimate of tea garden and quality of flake tea, to find out suitable covering methods and provide theoretical basis for improving the quality quality of flake tea.【Method】Longjing 43 was used as the test variety, and black shading net was used as the covering material. There were 18 groups of shading treatments with three shading degrees(55%, 75%, 95%), two covering heights(direct covering 0.6 m and shed covering 1.8 m) and three covering times(15, 20 and 25 d), and no covering as the control. The effects of different mulching treatments on microclimate, fresh leaf yield, chlorophyll content, internal substance contents and sensory quality of flake tea were analyzed in spring and autumn.【Result】Shading could effectively reduce the light intensity, photosynthetically active radiation, the daily maximum temperature, the daily range of air temperature, and increased the air humidity. The stable effect of shed covering on microclimate of tea garden was better than that of direct covering. After shading, the total chlorophyll content in the fresh leaves of tea plants increased. The chlorophyll content of the treatments 75% shading degree+direct covering for 15 d and 95% shading degree+shed covering for 15 d were respectively the highest in autumn and spring, 33.86% and 57.27% higher than the control. The content of amino acids increased with shading. The amino acid content in the treatments of direct covering with 95% shading degree for 25 and 20 d were respectively the highest in autumn and spring, higher than the control by 127.55% and 144.06%. After covering, the content of tea polyphenols decreased, the coverage days were negatively correlated with the content of tea polyphenols. The treatments of 95% shading degree+shed covering for 25 d and 75% shading degree+direct covering for 25 d were respectively the lowest in autumn and spring, which were 54.04% and 55.19% lower than the control. The content of caffeine increased with shading. The content of caffeine in the treatment 95% shading degree+direct covering for 20 d was the highest both in autumn and spring, 58.91% and 62.98% higher than the control. Covering in autumn reduced the water extract content. High shading and longterm shading treatments were not conducive to dry matter accumulation, and the yields of the treatment which directly covered with 95% shading degree were the lowest in two seasons. After covering, the sensory quality was higher than that of the uncovered tea. The appearance color of the flake tea was green, the soup color was yellow green and bright, the fragrance was fresh, the taste was fresh.【Conclusion】Shading is beneficial to stabilize the microclimate of tea garden. The quality of flake tea can be improved by prolonging shading time and increasing shading degree. Excessive shading will lead to the decrease of yield. The best quality of flake tea is obtained after 25 d of shed covering with 95% shading degree net, which can be popularized in production. |
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