Myrcia sylvatica essential oil in the diet of gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata L.) attenuates the stress response induced by high stocking density |
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| Authors: | EMH Saccol YA Parrado‐Sanabria L Gagliardi I Jerez‐Cepa RHV Mourão BM Heinzmann B Baldisserotto MA Pavanato JM Mancera JA Martos‐Sitcha |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Programa de Pós‐Gradua??o em Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil;2. Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias del Mar y Ambientales, Campus de Excelencia Internacional del Mar (CEI‐MAR), Universidad de Cádiz, Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain;3. Instituto de Biodiversidade e Florestas, Universidade Federal do Oeste do Pará (UFOPA), Santarém, Pará, Brasil;4. Instituto de Ciencias Marinas de Andalucía, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain;5. Nutrigenomics and Fish Growth Endocrinology Group, Institute of Aquaculture Torre de la Sal, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Ribera de Cabanes, Castellón, Spain |
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| Abstract: | The effects of diet supplemented with Myrcia sylvatica essential oil (EOMS) on growth and stress tolerance to different stocking densities were assessed in Sparus aurata. Initially, three experimental groups were established: (i) control, (ii) 1.0 and (iii) 2.0 ml EOMS/kg dry feed. After 90 days, nine fish per group were anaesthetized, weighed and sampled for metabolic analysis. The remaining fish were divided into two different conditions: low (LD—5 kg/m3) and high (HD—40 kg/m3) stocking densities, constituting a final experimental setup with six treatments. After 22 days, 10 individuals per treatment were anaesthetized and sampled for biochemical analysis. EOMS feeding for 90 days did not interfere with growth, although it was effective in reducing cortisol levels and the activation of lipid and carbohydrate metabolism. The HD interfered in growth performance, increased the lactate levels in the control group, reducing also hepatic glycogen levels without dependence on diet supplementation. The 2.0 ml EOMS + LD group increased the growth parameters and decreased the cortisol and triglycerides levels. Additionally, metabolism adjustment was observed to provide energy during LD and HD conditions, indicating that diets supplemented with EOMS produce metabolic reorganization to maintain body homeostasis, suggesting its use as a beneficial supplement in fish. |
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| Keywords: | animal welfare fish feed additive metabolism natural products stress |
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