| 广西主栽玉米品种氮胁迫能力鉴定 |
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| 引用本文： | 卢亚妮,侯青光,韦维,蓝现丹,韦贵剑.广西主栽玉米品种氮胁迫能力鉴定[J].南方农业学报,2016(6):901-905. |
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| 作者姓名： | 卢亚妮 侯青光 韦维 蓝现丹 韦贵剑 |
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| 作者单位： | 1. 广西大学 农学院，南宁 530005; 河池市农业科学研究所，广西 宜州 546306;2. 河池市农业科学研究所,广西 宜州,546306 |
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| 基金项目： | 广西科学研究与技术开发计划项目(桂科重14121001-2-11)；国家现代农业产业技术体系广西玉米创新团队河池综合试验站建设项目(桂农发[2011]33号) |
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| 摘 要： | 【目的】鉴定广西主栽玉米品种的耐低氮能力,筛选适合广西种植的耐低氮型玉米品种,为当地山区玉米生产提供参考。【方法】采用裂区设计,以施氮量为主处理、品种为副处理进行10个主栽玉米品种氮胁迫试验。主处理设正常施氮(N 180 kg/ha,CK)与氮胁迫(N 0 kg/ha)2个处理,灌浆期测量株高与穗位高,成熟期测产并调查穗部性状。分析各玉米品种主要农艺性状指标的耐低氮指数差异性及相关性,并采用模糊函数法五级制划分标准对各玉米品种的耐低氮能力进行综合评价。【结果】氮胁迫处理的株高、穗位、穗长、穗行、穗粒数、百粒重和产量均低于CK,果穗秃尖长则较CK长。不同玉米品种在氮胁迫下各性状的耐低氮指数存在差异,其中以产量的耐低氮指数最小,氮胁迫对其影响最大;株高、穗长、穗行、百粒重等性状的耐低氮指数差异不明显;秃尖长的耐低氮指数变幅最大。相关性分析结果表明,产量与穗粒数呈极显著正相关(P0.01),与百粒重呈显著正相关(P0.05,下同),与秃尖长呈显著负相关;氮胁迫条件下,玉米各性状对产量影响程度排序为穗粒数百粒重秃尖长穗行穗长株高穗位。以模糊函数法对各品种耐低氮能力进行综合评价,结果表明,桂单0810、迪卡008、华优168和桂单162的耐低氮能力较强,先达901、亚航0919、兆丰788、桂单901和正大808种的耐低氮性属于中间类型,瑞特237的耐低氮能力较弱。【结论】产量、穗粒数、百粒重和秃尖长可作为大田生产中快速、简易筛选耐低氮玉米品种的指标;初步筛选出耐低氮能力较强的品种为桂单0810、迪卡008、华优168和桂单162。
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| 关 键 词： | 玉米 氮胁迫 鉴定 广西 |
Identification for nitrogen stress of main maize cultivars in Guangxi |
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| Abstract: | Objective]The low-nitrogen tolerance of main maize cultivars in Guangxi were identified , and the low-ni-trogen tolerant maize cultivars suitable for local cultivation were screened out , in order to provide reference for maize cul-tivation in mountain area of Guangxi. Method]Split plot design was used in the field experiment , nitrogen stress test was carried out, with nitrogen application rate as main treatment and variety as the secondary treatment. Main treatment included normal nitrogen application (N 180 kg/ha, CK) and nitrogen stress (N 0 kg/ha). The plant height and ear height were determined at filling stage, and yield and ear characters were investigated at maturation stage. Effects of nitrogen stress on main agronomic characters and yield of 10 maize cultivars were studied , so as to analyze low-nitrogen tolerance indexes and correlations of main agronomic characters of different maize cultivars. Then the barren tolerance of different maize varieties was comprehensively evaluated by method of subordinate function five-level system partition standard.Result]The plant height, ear height, ear length, ear length, row number per ear, grain number per ear, hundred-grain weight and yield of maize under nitrogen stress were all lower than those of CK , and the barren tip length of ear was also longer than that of CK. In addition, there were differences in low-nitrogen tolerance indexes for main characters between different maize cultivars under nitrogen stress. The low-nitrogen tolerance index of yield was the least , it suggested that the nitrogen stress had the greatest influence on yield. And there existed little differences in low-nitrogen tolerance index of plant height, ear length, row number per ear, hundred-grain weight and other characters. The most drastic changes were found in low-nitrogen tolerance index of ear barren tip length. Correlation analysis showed that , the yield was extremely significantly positively correlated with number of grain number per ear(P<0.01, the same below), and significantly positively correlated with hundred-grain weight(P<0.05), but significantly negatively correlated with barren tip length; under ni-trogen stress, the effects of different characters on yield of maize was in order, as follows:grain number per ear>hundred-grain weight>barren tip length>rows number per ear>ear length>plant height>ear height. using fuzzy membership function method to evaluate low-nitrogen tolerance of different maize cultivars, the results showed that, Guidan 0810, Dika 008, Huayou 168 and Guidan 162 had strong low-nitrogen tolerance; Xianda 901, Yahang 0919, Zhaofeng 788, Guidan 901 and Zhengda 808 had medium low-nitrogen tolerance, Ruite 237 had weak low-nitrogen tolerance. Conclusion]Yield, grain number per ear, hundred-grain weight, and barren tip length can be used as fast and easy screening indexes of low-nitrogen tolerant varieties. And Guidan 0810, Dika 008, Huayou 168, Guidan 162 are identified as low-nitrogen tol-erant cultivars based on preliminary screening. |
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| Keywords: | maize nitrogen stress identification Guangxi |
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