| 沼液代替化肥对甜瓜生长及土壤微生物的影响 |
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| 引用本文： | 王礼伟,汪国莲,王宏宝,周刚,赵晨,王萍,蒋守华.沼液代替化肥对甜瓜生长及土壤微生物的影响[J].南方农业学报,2021,52(9):2498-2506. |
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| 作者姓名： | 王礼伟 汪国莲 王宏宝 周刚 赵晨 王萍 蒋守华 |
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| 作者单位： | 1 江苏徐淮地区淮阴农业科学研究所, 江苏淮安 223001;2 淮安市淮阴区马头镇畜牧兽医服务站, 江苏淮安 211600;3 江苏省环洪泽湖生态农业生物技术重点实验室, 江苏淮安 223399 |
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| 基金项目： | 农业农村部种养结合重点实验室开放课题（202004）；江苏省环洪泽湖生态农业生物技术重点实验室项目（17HZHL021）；淮安市农业科学研究院科研发展基金项目（HYN201920） |
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| 摘 要： | 【目的】研究不同沼液施用量代替化肥运筹甜瓜对植株生长、果实品质及土壤微生物的影响，为甜瓜生产减肥减药提供理论依据。【方法】设化肥处理（CK）与沼液处理，其中CK施用复合肥600 kg/ha，T1、T2、T3和T4处理沼液总施用量分别为100、140、180和220 t/ha，各沼液处理均按照基肥与果实膨大肥的比例为1∶1进行运筹。在甜瓜的生长特定期测定株高、茎粗、病害指数、叶绿素含量和植物器官干重，以及果实品质和土壤微生物多样性。【结果】沼液在基肥用量为70~110 t/ha时，甜瓜的株高和茎粗与CK施用效果无明显差异；T4处理的甜瓜植株叶绿素SPAD值最高（86.61），而T3和T4处理的病害指数最低（14.06）；除T1处理外，其他沼液组干物质积累量与CK均无显著差异（P>0.05），T3处理的干物质积累量最高（240.66 g）；T4处理的果实可溶性总糖含量和糖酸比最高，分别为9.71%和88.27，与CK存在显著差异（P<0.05）。沼液处理土壤的变形菌门（Proteobacteria）相对丰度均低于CK，且随着沼液施用量增加相对丰度不断减少；T3处理土壤的放线菌门（Actinobacteria）相对丰度最高（10.08%），芽单胞菌门（Gemmatimonadetes）和厚壁菌门（Firmicutes）相对丰度最低，分别为2.92%和2.23%。真菌中T3处理的子囊菌门（Ascomycota）相对丰度最高（81.19%），而T3和T4处理的担子菌门（Basidiomycota）和被孢霉门（Mortierellomycota）相对丰度明显低于CK及T1和T2处理。同时，T3处理土壤的细菌Chao1指数和Shannon指数均高于其他处理，真菌的Chao1指数低于CK、T1和T4处理，而Shannon指数最低。【结论】沼液总施用量在180 t/ha（基肥90 t/ha，果实膨大肥90 t/ha）条件下能促进甜瓜植株生长和干物质积累，提升果实品质，并提高细菌的丰富度和多样性，同时降低真菌的多样性，可在甜瓜实际生产中推广施用。
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| 关 键 词： | 沼液 化肥 甜瓜 生长 土壤微生物 |
| 收稿时间： | 2020-10-26 |
Effects of applying biogas slurry instead of chemical fertilizer on the growth of melon and soil microorganism |
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| WANG Li-wei,WANG Guo-lian,WANG Hong-bao,ZHOU Gang,ZHAO Chen,WANG Ping,JIANG Shou-hua.Effects of applying biogas slurry instead of chemical fertilizer on the growth of melon and soil microorganism[J].Journal of Southern Agriculture,2021,52(9):2498-2506. |
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| Authors: | WANG Li-wei WANG Guo-lian WANG Hong-bao ZHOU Gang ZHAO Chen WANG Ping JIANG Shou-hua |
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| Affiliation: | 1 Huaiyin Institute of Agricultural Sciences in Xuhuai District of Jiangsu Province, Huai'an, Jiangsu 223001, China;2 Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Service Station of Matou Town in Huaiyin District of Huai'an City, Huai'an, Jiangsu 211600, China;3 Key Laboratory of Ecological Agricultural Biotechnology Around Hongze Lake in Jiangsu Province, Huai'an, Jiangsu 223399, China |
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| Abstract: | 【Objective】 The effects of different biogas slurry application rates instead of chemical fertilizer on plant growth,fruit quality and soil microorganisms were studied to provide scientific theoretical basis for melon production with reducing chemical fertilizers and pesticides.【Method】 In this experiment,chemical fertilizer group(CK)and biogas slurry groups were set up,the CK group was treated with the compound fertilizer of 600 kg/ha,the application amounts of biogas slurry in T1,T2,T3 and T4 groups were 100,140,180 and 220 t/ha respectively,the basal fertilizer and fruit expansion fertilizer in the ratio of 1:1 of each group. The plant height,stem diameter,disease index,chlorophyll content,dry weight of plant organs,fruit quality of melon and the diversity of soil microbial were measured regularly.【Result】 When the amount of base fertilizer was 70 t/ha between 110 t/ha,there was no obvious difference in plant height and stem diameter.The chlorophyll content of T4 group was the highest,the SPAD value was 86.61,and the disease index of T3 and T4 groups was the lowest,which were both 14.06. Except for T1 group,there was no significant difference in dry matter accumulation between biogas slurry groups and CK group(P>0.05),the highest dry material accumulation in T3 group was240.66 g. The T4 group had the highest soluble sugar content and the ratio of sugar and acid,which were 9.71% and 88.27 respectively,and there were significant differences with CK group(P<0.05). The relative abundance of Proteobacteria in the biogas slurry groups were lower than that of CK group,with the increase of biogas slurry dosage,the relative abundance decreased. The relative abundance of Actinobacteria in T3 group was the highest(10.08%)and the Gemmatimonadetes and Firmicutes was the lowest(2.92% and 2.23% respectively). The highest relative abundance of Ascomycota in T3 group was 81.19%,while the Basidiomycota and Mortierellomycota in T3 and T4 groups was lower than that in CK and T1 and T2 groups. Moreover,the Chao1 index and Shannon index of bacteria in T3 group were higher than those in other groups,while the Chao1 index of fungi were lower than those in CK,T1 and T4 groups,and Shannon index was the lowest.【Conclusion】 Biogas slurry can promote plant growth and dry matter accumulation under the condition of 180 t/ha(base fertilizer 90 t/ha,fruit expansion fertilizer 90 t/ha),the fruit quality are improved significantly,the richness and diversity of bacteria are increased and the diversity of fungi is decreased. This method can be promoted in melon plantation. |
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