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1.
该试验采用氨氯化铵浸出法浸取次氧化锌,制备饲料添加剂碱式氯化锌(ZnCl2·4Zn(OH)2·H2O)。研究结果表明,在浸出条件为氨与铵根摩尔比为1∶1、总氮与锌摩尔比为10∶1、温度为313 K、时间为60 min时,Zn的浸出率达90%以上。同时,对合成产品进行了主含量、XRD、SEM分析,结果显示产品各项指标均符合GB/T 22546-2008要求。试验还表明该工艺具有方法新颖、流程简单、成本低、安全、高效、环保等特点,从根本上实现了废物资源化的利用,同时还可以生产出质量合格、稳定的新型饲料添加剂碱式氯化锌。 相似文献
2.
为了评价草地施肥对放牧牦牛血液矿物质元素含量的影响,我们在黄河首曲草地进行施肥试验和放牧试验。结果表明:草地施肥明显增加了牧草氮(N)的含量,但各施肥处理之间没有明显的差异;(NH4)2SO4施肥明显增加了牧草硫(S)、锰(Mn)和锌(Zn)的含量,明显减少了牧草Se的含量。试验完成时,(NH4)2SO4施肥牧场的牦牛血液铜(Cu)和硒(Se)的含量极显著低于NH4NO3施肥牧场和对照牧场的含量,而牦牛血液Mn和Zn的含量极显著高于NH4NO3施肥牧场和对照牧场的含量,血液其它元素没有明显的差异,说明黄河首曲草原不适合用(NH4)2SO4施肥。 相似文献
3.
日粮中不同电解质对热应激肉鸡屠体品质和血液指标的影响 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
为评价电解质平衡值(DEB)为250 mmol/kg的3种钠盐(NaHCO3,Na2CO3,Na2SO4)和3种钾盐(KHCO3,K2CO3,K2SO4)以及DEB为50 mmol/kg的2种氯盐(CaCl2和NH4Cl)对屠体品质和血液指标的相对效果,324只817肉鸡在热应激环境(最低29.2℃,最高37.9℃)下饲养42 d。一种基础日粮和8种试验日粮共计9个处理,每个处理设3个重复(每个重复有12只鸡)。结果显示:NaHCO3和NH4Cl组较其他组,显著地降低了热应激下鸡只的体温;NaHCO3组屠体重和屠宰率较高,NaHCO3、Na2CO3和NH4Cl试验组胸肌率显著升高,而对照组的腿肌率最小。NaHCO3和NH4Cl组腹脂率最小;CaCl2组血液pH值明显下降。 相似文献
4.
本试验采用细胞增殖试验、流式细胞术检测试验、Western blot试验、Hochest33342染色荧光显微镜检测等探究不同氮源（蛋氨酸与氯化铵）对瘤胃上皮细胞凋亡的影响及其可能的调控机制。结果表明：对瘤胃上皮细胞来说,处理36 h时,添加0.12 mmol NH4Cl组和0 mmol Met缺失组的OD值均达到对照组的一半,且均显著低于0.048 mmol Met组、0.12 mmol Met组（对照组）和0.048 mmol NH4Cl组（P <0.05）,0 mmol Met组比0.12 mmol NH4Cl组细胞活性显著降低（P <0.05）;添加0 mmol Met组的总凋亡率和晚期凋亡率最高,显著高于0.12 mmol Met组（对照组）和0.12 mmol NH4Cl组（P <0.05）,而0 mmol Met组和0.12 mmol NH4Cl组的早期细胞凋亡率均显著高于0.12 mmol Met组（对照组）（P <0.05）;与对照组相比,0.12 mmol NH4Cl组和0 mmol Met组的线粒体膜电势分别显著下降到71.99%和67.6... 相似文献
5.
桑树新梢微量元素的空间分布研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
《中国蚕业》2017,(3)
为探明新生桑枝中的铁(Fe)、锰(Mn)、铜(Cu)、锌(Zn)、硫(S)、硼(B)、钼(Mo)和氯(Cl)等8种微量元素的分布格局。以农桑14号为研究材料,在雾化栽培的条件下研究枝条中8种微量元素对枝条粗细和空间位置的响应情况。结果表明:枝条的Cu、Zn、Mn、S、Mo和Cl含量对空间位置无显著的响应,而枝条的Fe含量表现为中部基部上部的趋势,B含量则表现为基部中部顶部的趋势。桑枝粗细对新梢的Cu、Fe和S含量无显著影响,枝条的Zn、Mn含量表现为中枝粗枝细枝,Mo含量表现为枝条越粗含量越高,B含量表现为细枝粗枝中枝,Cl含量则表现为中枝细枝粗枝。这些微量元素在枝条上的空间分布的差异暗示了桑枝剪伐后追肥的重点。 相似文献
6.
《饲料研究》2014,(13)
为甘氨酸锌络合物质量标准的制订,以及产品的研究和规范应用,采用单晶X-射线衍射对2种甘氨酸锌络合物的晶体结构进行表征,确定2种化合物的结构分别为甘氨酸锌(1∶1型)[Zn(C2H5NO2)2·4H2O]SO4·ZnSO4·6H2O和甘氨酸锌(2∶1型)Zn(C2H4NO2)2·H2O。分析认为:甘氨酸锌(1∶1型)中的Zn(Ⅱ)为六配位,八面体构型,2个配体羟基氧和4个配位水与1个Zn(Ⅱ)配位,氢键结合六水合硫酸锌形成复合物。甘氨酸锌(2∶1型)分子中的水为结晶水,未参与配位;Zn(Ⅱ)为五配位,形成畸变的三角双锥构型,与2个配体形成2个五元螯合环;甘氨酸配体中羟基氧和羧基氧原子配位后形成大π键,其中一个氧和氨基氮与Zn(Ⅱ)形成五元螯合环,另一个氧桥连2个Zn(Ⅱ)中心,并通过与结晶水间的氢键构成大分子,形成螯合聚合物。 相似文献
7.
8.
有机锌对断奶仔猪生产性能的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
选择体重为8.10±0.11kg的长×本断奶仔猪72头,随机平均分成4组,每组18头,每组设3个重复,每个重复6头(公、母各半),分别饲喂含Zn0×10-6、100×10-6(ZnSO4)、100×10-6(ZnSO450×10-6+有机锌50×10-6,以Zn计)、75×10-6(ZnSO450×10-6+有机锌25×10-6,以Zn计)的饲料。结果表明:添加锌可以显著地促进食欲、生长和饲料利用率,降低腹泻,皮毛光亮;在添加部分有机锌时效果更好;在添加有机锌时,可以降低饲料中锌的供给量。 相似文献
9.
10.
为研究肉牛日粮补饲无机锌对粗料纤维和玉米有机物对瘤胃降解的影响,选用4头装有永久性瘤胃瘘管的西门塔尔杂交肉牛,采用4×4拉丁方设计,以瘤胃尼龙袋法测定日粮补饲锌(源于硫酸锌,分别补饲0、25、50和100 mg Zn/kgDM)对稻草纤维性物质和玉米有机物(OM)瘤胃降解率的影响.结果表明,对照组(0补饲)、25 mg Zn/kgDM、50 mg Zn/kgDM、100 mg Zn/kgDM处理组的稻草中性洗涤纤维(NDF)降解率分别为16.32%、17.43%、20.32%和25.31%,50、100 mg Zn/kgDM处理组的稻草NDF降解率明显高于对照组;对照组、25 mg Zn/kgDM、50 mg Zn/kgDM和100 mg Zn/kgDM处理组的玉米OM降解率分别为46.41%、46.89%、50.16%和48.49%,50 mg Zn/kgDM处理组的玉米OM降解率也明显高于对照组.肉牛日粮补饲锌(源于硫酸锌)明显影响瘤胃稻草NDF和玉米OM降解率,日粮补饲50 mg Zn/kgDM可明显提高稻草NDF和玉米OM的降解率. 相似文献
11.
氢氧化锌制备饲料级氧化锌的新工艺研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
采用锌粉法保险粉的副产氢氧化锌为主要原料,和碳酸氢铵一步法合成碱式碳酸锌,850℃热分解碱式碳酸锌制得饲料级氧化锌。通过正交试验,考察了合成碱式碳酸锌的各种影响因素,得出最优工艺条件为:碳酸氢铵与氢氧化锌的摩尔比0.5,反应时间4h,反应温度30℃。同时还对制备的饲料级氧化锌样品与普通产品的性能进行了对比测试。试验结果表明,试验样品能提高饲料级氧化锌的分散性和比表面积,减小堆积密度,产品有助于改善预混合饲料的混合均匀度,在饲料工业上具有实际应用意义。 相似文献
12.
Funaba M Yamate T Hashida Y Maki K Gotoh K Kaneko M Yamamoto H Iriki T Hatano Y Abe M 《American journal of veterinary research》2003,64(8):1059-1064
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effects of a high-protein diet versus dietary supplementation with ammonium chloride (NH4Cl) on struvite crystal formation in the urine of clinically normal cats by measuring the urine concentration of hydrochloric acid (HCl)-insoluble sediment, urine pH, struvite activity product (SAP), number of struvite crystals in urine, and urine volume. ANIMALS: 23 healthy adult cats. PROCEDURE: Urine was fractionated by centrifugation with subsequent extraction of the sediment with 1 N HCl (study 1). Diets containing either 29% crude protein or 55% crude protein were fed to cats in a crossover trial of 3 weeks/period (study 2). Diets supplemented with either sodium chloride (NaCl) or NH4Cl were fed, by use of a 3 x 3 Latin-square design with 3 wk/period (study 3). In studies 2 and 3, urine samples were collected for the last 7 days of each period. RESULTS: The HCl-insoluble sediment contained Tamm-Horsfall glycoprotein (THP; study 1). The high-protein diet (study 2) and dietary supplementation with NH4Cl (study 3) resulted in a decrease in urine pH, SAP, and the number of struvite crystals in urine. However, the high-protein diet decreased urine concentrations of HCl-insoluble sediment containing THP (study 2), in contrast to the NH4Cl supplementation that increased urine volume without a significant effect on the urine concentration of the HCl-insoluble sediment (study 3). CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Our results indicate that compared with dietary supplementation with NH4Cl, the high-protein diet is preferable as a urine acidifier for the prevention of struvite crystal formation in clinically normal cats. 相似文献
13.
Subclinical ammonia toxicity in steers: effects on blood metabolite and regulatory hormone concentrations 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
J M Fernandez W J Croom A D Johnson R D Jaquette F W Edens 《Journal of animal science》1988,66(12):3259-3266
The effects of subclinical NH3 toxicity on circulating and regulatory hormone concentrations were investigated in seven Hereford steers. Ammonium chloride (NH4Cl) was infused via a right jugular vein catheter at a rate of 12 mumol NH4Cl.kg BW-1.min-1 for 240 min. This was preceded (PRE) and followed (POST) by saline infusions of 120 and 180 min, respectively. Blood samples were taken at 20-min intervals via a left jugular vein catheter. Metabolite and hormone concentrations during NH4Cl and POST periods were compared to PRE values using the Student's t-test procedure. Plasma NH3 was elevated rapidly (P less than .001) and peaked at 503 micrograms/dl 220 min into NH4Cl infusion. Plasma urea-N and glucose increased (P less than .001) 39 and 12%, respectively, during NH4Cl infusion and remained elevated 180 min POST. Whole blood L-lactate concentrations peaked (P less than .05) at 18% above PRE between 160 and 240 min into the NH4Cl infusion and gradually returned to PRE values, whereas pyruvate levels were not altered (P greater than .10). Plasma nonesterified fatty acids peaked (P less than .001) at 94% above PRE levels 40 min into NH4Cl infusion, thereafter declining to PRE concentrations. Whole blood acetoacetate and beta-hydroxybutyrate concentrations were not altered (P greater than .10) by NH4Cl administration. Plasma insulin concentration decreased (P less than .05) 26 to 46% during NH4Cl infusion and increased (P less than .05) 89 to 122% during POST. Plasma glucagon levels were not altered by NH4Cl infusion, so molar insulin:glucagon ratio changes resembled those of insulin. Plasma epinephrine, norepinephrine and dopamine did not vary (P greater than .10) with treatment. These results support the hypothesis that the hyperglycemia observed during hyperammonemia may result from an under-utilization of glucose by insulin-sensitive tissues. 相似文献
14.
Effect of ammonium chloride on the bicarbonate buffer system in heat-stressed broilers 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
1. The effects of ammonium chloride (NH4Cl) on the bicarbonate buffer system and plasma lactate in heat-stressed broilers were investigated. 2. The infusion of a 10 g/l solution of NH4Cl into the crop during a 90 min thermoneutral period produced a metabolic acidosis resulting from a reduction in blood bicarbonate concentration. Blood bicarbonate continued to decrease in NH4Cl-treated birds and reached values which were 30% of controls by the end of a 90 min heat stress period. 3. By the end of heat stress, plasma lactate concentrations were lower in NH4Cl-infused birds than in controls. 相似文献
15.
D H Shaw 《American journal of veterinary research》1991,52(12):1956-1959
Acidemia stimulates renal ammonia production and excretion. This adaptive response allows increased H+ secretion and generation of new bicarbonate. To determine whether a relationship existed between urine ammonium (NH4+) concentration and excretion and urine anion gap (Na+ + K(+)- Cl-), ammonium chloride (NH4Cl) was administered per OS for 5 days to induce systemic acidemia in 12 healthy Beagles. During NH4Cl administration, a strong, statistically significant (P less than 0.0001) relationship was apparent between urine NH4+ concentration measured in millimoles per liter and urine anion gap. Regression equation: urine [NH4+] = 8.2 - 0.416 x urine anion gap; r = -0.897. A statistically significant (P = 0.0001) relationship existed between urine NH4+ excretion measured in millimoles per kilogram of body weight per day and urine anion gap. Regression equation: urine NH4+ excretion = 0.74 - 0.38 x urine anion gap; r = -0.768. As urine NH4+ concentration or excretion increased, urine anion gap became more negative. Before NH4Cl administration (no systemic acidemia), a weak, but statistically significant (P = 0.015) relationship was observed between urine NH4+ concentration and urine anion gap. Regression equation: urine [NH4+] = 65.2 - 0.141 x urine anion gap; r = -0.41. However, a relationship was not evident between urine NH4+ excretion and urine anion gap before NH4Cl administration. Hence, urine anion gap is a reliable index of urine NH4+ concentration and excretion only in dogs with metabolic acidosis. In human beings with distal renal tubular acidosis, NH4+ excretion is inappropriately low and results in a positive urine anion gap.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) 相似文献
16.
锌中毒对雏鸡外周血T-淋巴细胞的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
200只1日龄艾维菌肉鸡随机分为4组，即对照组（每千克日粮含锌100mg）、锌中毒Ⅰ组（每千克日粮含锌1500mg）、锌中毒Ⅱ组（每千克日粮含锌2000mg）、锌中毒Ⅲ组（每千克日粮含锌2500mg），每组均饲喂日粮7周。以流式细胞术和酸性α-醋酸萘酯醇（ANAE）染色法观测外周血T-淋巴细胞的动态变化。结果，3个锌中毒组7周龄时，外周血T-淋巴细胞ANAE阳性率显著低于对照组（P〈0．05或P〈0．01），同时3个锌中毒组间比较也呈显著差异（P〈0．05或P〈0．01）。与对照组比较，锌中毒Ⅲ组2至7周龄和锌中毒Ⅱ组6、7周龄CD4^＋T淋巴细胞数量减少，锌中毒Ⅱ组、Ⅲ组2至4周龄和锌中毒Ⅰ组、Ⅲ组7周龄CD8^＋T淋巴细胞数量降低，CD4^＋／CD8^＋比值3个锌中毒组2、4周龄升高，6、7周龄降低。由此表明，锌中毒可抑制T-淋巴细胞的生成，降低其在外周血中的数量。 相似文献
17.
本试验旨在研究体外条件下不同比例硝酸钠和延胡索酸二钠混合物对水牛瘤胃甲烷产量、体外发酵参数、脂肪酸组成及瘤胃微生物数量的影响。选取3头体重约为（650±50） kg安装永久性瘤胃瘘管的母水牛作为瘤胃液的供体动物。试验共设4个组，每组5个重复，硝酸钠和延胡索酸二钠的添加比例分别为2：1、1：1、1：2，对照组不添加任何两者混合物。每组均添加0.25 mg·mL-1的α-亚麻酸，试验组硝酸钠和延胡索酸二钠混合物浓度为1 mg·mL-1。结果表明：1）添加不同比例硝酸钠和延胡索酸二钠混合物均可显著降低甲烷含量（P<0.05），平均降幅为90.63%；2）高剂量硝酸钠与低剂量延胡索酸二钠（2：1）混合添加时会导致总挥发性脂肪酸（TVFA）含量和大部分瘤胃微生物的数量显著降低（P<0.05），乙酸含量、乙酸/丙酸、花生戊烯酸（EPA）含量、共轭亚油酸（CLA）含量和不饱和脂肪酸/饱和脂肪酸（UFA/SFA）显著升高（P<0.05）；3）低剂量硝酸钠与高剂量延胡索酸二钠（1：2）混合时对TVFA含量、脂肪酸含量和瘤胃微生物数量无显著影响（P>0.05）；4）添加硝酸钠延胡索酸二钠同剂量（1：1）能显著升高EPA、CLA含量和UFA/SFA（P<0.05），但显著降低了水牛瘤胃溶纤维丁酸弧菌和非典型丁酸弧菌数量。由此可见，添加不同比例硝酸钠和延胡索酸二钠混合物均可降低甲烷产量，随着延胡索酸二钠添加比例的增加可以缓解硝酸钠对瘤胃发酵的不利影响。 相似文献
18.
GUO Yanxia LI Mengwei TANG Zhenhua PENG Lijuan PENG Kaiping LIANG Xin XIE Fang YANG Chengjian 《畜牧兽医学报》1956,51(10):2599-2608
The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of different sodium nitrate and disodium fumarate ratios on ruminal methane production, fermentation parameters, fatty acids profiles and microbial population in water buffalo in vitro in presence of α-linolenic acid. Three female water buffaloes (body weight of (650±50) kg) with permanent rumen fistula were selected as the donors of rumen contents. Treatments additives were prepared as sodium nitrate and disodium fumarate mixtures at ratios of 2:1, 1:1, 1:2. Control group without any sodium nitrate or disodium fumarate. All groups were added with 0.25 mg·mL-1 α-linolenic acid. The concentration of sodium nitrate and disodium fumarate mixtures was 1 mg·mL-1. The results showed that mehtane production were reduced with different ratios of sodium nitrate and disodium fumarate mixture, the average decrease was 90.63%. The total volatile fatty acid (TVFA) concentration and most rumen microorganisms population were significantly reduced (P<0.05), but the concentration of acetate, EPA and CLA, ratios of acetate to propionate ratio and UFA/SFA were significantly increased (P<0.05) with sodium nitrate and disodium fumarate mixtures at ratio of 2:1. 3) Sodium nitrate and disodium fumarate mixtures at ratio of 1:2 had no significant effect on TVFA content, fatty acid content and rumen microbial populaiton(P>0.05). 4) The concentrations of EPA, CLA and UFA/SFA ratio were increased (P<0.05) with sodium nitrate and disodium fumarate mixtures at ratio of 1:1, but Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens and atypical butyrivibrio populations were decreased. It can be concluded that different proportion of sodium nitrate and sodium fumarate mixture can cause methane reduction, the adverse effect of sodium nitrate on rumen fermentation can be alleviated by the increased proportion of disodium fumarate. 相似文献
19.
为研究饲料锌在育肥猪粪尿中的排泄规律,建立饲料锌摄入量与锌排泄量的预测模型,试验选用健康、体重相近的约克夏去势育肥公猪20头,随机分成5组,每组4个重复,每个重复1头猪,单独饲养于代谢笼中。对照A组饲喂基础日粮,锌添加量为0,试验B、C、D、E组分别饲喂在基础日粮中添加20、40、60、80 mg/kg锌的试验日粮(硫酸锌形式)。预试期7 d,正试期4 d。结果表明:(1)与对照组相比,除试验B组外,其他试验各组风干粪锌含量和粪锌日排泄总量随日粮锌添加水平或日粮总锌水平增加显著升高(P<0.05);经回归分析,日粮锌添加水平或日粮总锌水平与风干粪锌含量和粪锌日排泄总量存在极显著的线性回归关系(P<0.01),可用所建立的回归方程进行预测和控制。(2)各组尿锌含量和尿锌日排泄总量均无显著差异(P>0.05);经回归分析,日粮锌添加水平或日粮总锌水平与尿锌含量和尿锌日排泄总量无显著回归关系(P>0.05)。综上,日粮中多余的锌主要通过消化道从粪中排泄,可根据日粮中锌水平预测粪锌排泄量,从源头上控制锌对环境的污染。 相似文献