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褪黑素在果实发育和采后保鲜中的作用综述 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
《园艺学报》2021,(6)
褪黑素(melatonin)是一种植物生长调节因子和生物刺激因子,具有调控植物生长发育和提高植物逆境耐受性等作用。近年来,褪黑素在调控果实发育和采后果实保鲜中的作用是研究热点。本文中总结了褪黑素在果实中的含量及分布;重点阐述了褪黑素调控果实生长发育、促进采后果实成熟和延缓果实衰老等方面的生理作用及机制,分析了当前研究存在的不足,并对未来研究方向提出了建议,以期为褪黑素应用到调控果实发育和果实保鲜提供参考。 相似文献
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植物果实发育调控的分子机理研究进展 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
果实的发育与成熟是一个复杂的过程,果实大小、形状、颜色、品质、风味等都随着果实发
育和成熟而变化,并受一系列果实发育相关基因的影响和调控。研究植物果实发育调控的分子机理对于今
后提高果实品质具有重要的意义。因此,本文主要综述了拟南芥和番茄中果实发育与成熟相关基因的发掘
与相互作用,以及果实发育调控的分子机理研究进展,为今后的果实发育研究和育种工作的开展提供一定
的理论指导。 相似文献
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DNA甲基化是一种常见的表观遗传修饰,对植物果实的成熟具有重要的作用,本文中综述了果实成熟过程中DNA甲基化水平的变化及其调控机制。基于已有研究发现,大部分果实在成熟过程存在总体DNA甲基化水平降低的情况,也有部分果实的总体DNA甲基化水平随果实成熟呈现升高趋势。此外,在果实成熟过程中特定基因尤其是与成熟相关的基因在去甲基化酶作用下发生去甲基化进而影响果实成熟。引起果实成熟过程中DNA甲基化水平变化的机制总体而言是受到甲基化酶、去甲基化酶以及植物特有的RdDM途径的综合调控。本文为深入解析果实发育与成熟的分子机制提供理论参考,并对以后的研究提出可行的建议。 相似文献
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在果实发育早期,ZT(玉米素)和IAA(生长素)两种生长促进激素都处在较高的水平,以后随果实发育都呈逐渐下降之势。在果实发育后期,果皮中ZT和IAA又逐渐上升,出现第二次峰值,与果实的第二次生长高峰有密切关系。ABA(脱落酸)在幼果发育早期含量也处于较高水平,以后果皮中ABA含量逐渐下降,直到果实成熟未见回升;而种子内ABA在果实发育后期又连续升高,并在成熟前出现第二次峰值,对后期种子和果实的成熟有重要作用。设施栽培对果实内源激素的变化规律有重要影响,并且发现受影响较大的是那些在果实发育某一时期含量变化幅度较大或有重要生理作用的内源激素。果实内源激素变化对设施栽培的反应与生长发育对设施栽培的反应表现出高度吻合。 相似文献
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多胺在果实生长发育中的作用研究进展 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
多胺是广泛存在于植物体内的具有生物学活性的低分子量脂肪族含氮碱。它在植物的胚胎发育、花和果实的发育等生长发育过程具有重要的调控作用,同时在延缓植物衰老和抗逆境等方面也具有重要意义。近几年的研究表明多胺代谢同植物开花坐果、果实发育甚至果实品质特性密切相关。概述了多胺对果实坐果,膨大与衰老等果实发育生理过程的影响,并对多胺在果实逆境发育中的作用进行了探讨,对多胺在果实发育过程中可能的调控作用机理以及外源多胺在植物开花坐果上的应用潜力进行了讨论,并展望了多胺作用分子机理的研究前景。 相似文献
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肉果是人类饮食中必不可少的一部分,研究肉果成熟和发育的转录调控机制具有重要意义,将为果实品质改良奠定基础。文章首先介绍了肉果早期发育阶段和成熟过程的转录调控,以及乙烯作为一种重要激素在肉果成熟转录调控中的作用。番茄作为研究肉果成熟转录调控的模式植物具有很多优点,重点概述了番茄成熟的转录调控网络和转录因子的作用目标分子,指出MADS(MCM1 AGAMOUS DEFICIENS SRF)域蛋白FUL(FRUITFULL)、RIN(RIPENINGINHIBITOR)、AP2a(APETALA2a)和TAGL1(TOMATO AGAMOUS-LIKE1)等转录因子在番茄果实发育和成熟转录调控中的重要作用。 相似文献
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Wentao Zhang Yao Tang Wei Qi Xia Liu 《The Journal of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology》2017,92(3):261-269
Apricot (Prunus armeniaca L.), a member of the Rosaceae family, with favorable nutritional and flavour quality, exhibited the characteristic climacteric changes during the fruit ripening process in ‘Shushanggan’ apricot. To further confirm the ripening-related genes in apricot, we combined quantitative proteomic tools with bioinformatics to investigate the expression profiles of ripening genes involved in significant biochemical and metabolic changes during ripening stages. The results showed that physiological traits of apricot fruits varied significantly at three different ripening stages, with remarkable correlation with fruit quality changes. Furthermore, 128 stage-specific proteins that are differently expressed in a stage-responsive manner in ripening apricot fruits were identified. Hierarchical clustering of stage-responsive proteins also revealed the metabolic changes in accordance with fruit ripening. Hence, a link has been established between protein profiles and ripening phenotypes which will help to improve our understanding of apricot fruit ripening at the proteomic level. 相似文献
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Yehoram Leshem Avinoam Nerd 《The Journal of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology》2013,88(3):426-431
SummaryFruit of Cereus peruvianus (L.) Miller, a newly developed cactus crop, is subject to cracking. Fruit growth follows a double sigmoid curve, with a significant size increase in the first and third stages and moderate increase in the middle stage. Peel and seed grow in the first two stages, while pulp growth and maturation (e.g. peel colour change and stretching, sugar accumulation, fruit softening) occur in the final stage. Sensitive, moderately sensitive, and tolerant clones are subject to 100, 50–60 and 6–9% cracking, respectively, correlated to relative growth rate of the pulp in the third stage. Fruit cracking, lengthwise splitting of the peel, and exposure of the pulp occurred in fully mature fruits towards the end of their growth. Continuous monitoring of fruit growth revealed expansion and cracking during the day and shrinkage during the night, as expected for CAM plants. Cracking was not correlated with the threshold cracking turgor, which declined during ripening in all clones. GA3 sprays during colour break reduced cracking in the two most susceptible clones to 20% and 60%, while paclobutrazol increased cracking. Cracking rates were the same in two ecozones differing in salinity, temperatures and relative humidity. It is suggested that breeding and hormone treatments could reduce cracking significantly. 相似文献
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Fruits of sapodilla cvs Cricket Ball and Oblong, harvested at four developmental stages, and mature fruit latex were analysed. The principal carbohydrates identified were sucrose, glucose and fructose with a little starch. Ripe Cricket Ball fruits had more starch, fructose, protein, soluble amino acids and vitamin C, and less vitamin A, acidity and tannin than Oblong. Paper chromatographic separation of soluble amino acids indicated both qualitative and quantitative maturation pattern changes between the cultivars. Dry matter decreased until the mature stage, with a decline in alcohol-insoluble solids, starch, protein, soluble amino acids, vitamins and several minerals, and increases in soluble sugars. Carbohydrates, organic acids, amino acids, vitamins, minerals and tannins were present in the latex. Pectinesterase, catalase, peroxidase, polyphenol oxidase and adenosine trisephosphatase activity increased during ripening. Cellulase activity showed little change during development and ripening. Details are given of the techniques used. 相似文献
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Sladjana Savić Radmila Stikić Biljana Vucelić Radović Biljana Bogičević Zorica Jovanović Vesna Hadži-Tašković Šukalović 《Scientia Horticulturae》2008
The effects of regulated deficit irrigation (RDI) and partial root-zone drying (PRD) on tomato fruit growth and cell wall peroxidase activity in tomato exocarp were investigated in growth chamber conditions. The RDI treatment was 50% of water given to fully irrigated (FI) plants and the PRD treatment was 50% of water of FI plants applied to one half of the root system while the other half dried down, with irrigation shifted when soil water content of the dry side decreased 15–20%. RDI significantly reduced fruit diameter, though PRD reduced fresh weight while having no significant effect on fruit diameter. The activity of peroxidase was significantly higher in RDI and PRD treated plants compared to those of FI. Differences between RDI and PRD were expressed on temporal basis. In the fruits of RDI treated plants peroxidase activity began to increase in the phase when fruit growth started to decline with the peak of enzyme activity of 6.1 HRPEU g−1 FW reached in the phase of mature green fruits when fruit growth rate was minimal. Increase of peroxidase activity in PRD fruits coincided with the ripening phase and the peak of enzyme activity (5.3 HRPEU g−1 FW) was measured at the end of fruit ripening. These data potentially identified contrasting and different roles of tomato exocarp cell wall peroxidase in RDI and PRD treated plants. In RDI treated plants peroxidase may have a role in restricting fruit growth rate, although the increase in enzyme activity during ripening of PRD treated fruit pointed out that peroxidase may also control fruit maturation by inducing more rapid process. 相似文献
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Melon is one of the economically important and widely cultivated vegetable crops in the world. There is a wide genetic diversity in the cultivated and wild species of melon. Melon as one of the most consumed fruits, the development and ripening of fruit is known to be a complex developmental process that involves many biochemical and physiological changes including the breakdown of chlorophyll, degradation of the cell wall, increase in sugars content, alteration in pigment biosynthesis, and the accumulation of flavour and aromatic compounds. However, the information on genetic engineering and molecular biology of melon is very limited. With the development of genetics and molecular biology, a large number of quality/ripening-regulated genes involved in pigmentation, vitamin, soluble carbohydrate metabolism, cell wall metabolism and ethylene biosynthesis have been identified in melons. Some genetic manipulations of melons have been proved to be useful technology to improve quality, sensory attributes, shelf life and other agronomic traits of melon fruit. This paper reviewed some progresses in the trangenic approach to improve quality traits of melon fruit. 相似文献
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S. Lakshminarayana 《The Journal of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology》2013,88(3):227-233
Alphonso mangoes picked at any stage of maturity (starting from fruit-set) and stored at room temperature show typical respiratory changes characteristic of a fully matured mango. Fruits picked during the earlier and later stages of development show respiration climacteric within 6–10 days. During the middle stages of development the preclimacteric trough continues to extend and the climacteric occurs after 10 days. Fully mature, tree-ripe mangoes do not show a respiratory climacteric during post-harvest storage.Chemical constituents, such as titratable acids, apparent ascorbic acid, carbohydrates and carotenoids, estimated both at harvest and in ripe fruits from different pickings show changes similar to those characteristic of a fully matured ripening fruit.Possibilities of reducing losses from pre-harvest fruit drop and post-harvest decay by resorting to early harvesting are discussed. 相似文献
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《Scientia Horticulturae》2002,95(4):297-308
Studies were conducted to investigate how harvest maturity influence fruit ripening processes to alleviate chilling injury (CI) in mangoes (cv. Tommy Atkins). Fruit at three stages of maturity, immature (M1), half-mature (M2) and mature (M3) were stored for 18 days at 5 °C and then at 1 or 3 days at 20 °C. M1 fruit succumbed to CI after 18 days at 5 °C, with symptoms increasing in severity upon warming. Low C2H4 production, poor colour development, minor changes to fruit composition, insipid flavour and poor aroma revealed that fruit ripening was insufficient to reduce CI compared to M2 and M3 fruits. M2 and M3 fruits had higher C2H4 production rates than M1 fruit and ripened normally with acceptable flavour and aroma after 18 days at 5 °C and 3 days at 20 °C. While M3 fruit had no CI symptoms, they were overripe and fruit decay incidence was 26.6%, compared to M2 fruit which had no decay, a trace of CI symptoms and possessed the best overall quality. 相似文献
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Defense response of tomato fruit at different maturity stages to salicylic acid and ethephon 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
In order to elucidate whether fruit maturity stage influence the induced resistance of exogenous elicitors in tomato and the involved mechanisms, we investigated the defense responses of tomato fruits against Botrytis cinerea, ethylene production and internal quality following treatments of fruit with salicylic acid (SA) or ethephon (ET) at mature green (MG) and breaker (BR). SA significantly suppressed decay and disease incidence in tomato fruits at both MG and BR stages, along with higher expression level of PR1 gene after 2 days of treatment. All fruits treated by SA had lower contents of ethylene and lycopene. The ET-treated fruit at both maturity stages showed lower disease incidence and higher level of PR2 and PR3 expression compared with the control fruit. ET treatment significantly enhanced ethylene and lycopene contents, and accelerated fruit ripening. Our results suggest that SA and ET induced disease resistance in fruits by mediating the expression of different pathogenesis-related genes and have different effects on fruit ripening, which in turn influences the disease resistance of tomato fruits. 相似文献
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This study examined the effects of leaf pruning intensities at flowering on the green and yellow life and fruit quality of bananas (Musa AAA, cv. Grande Naine). The fruit from banana plants that retained 7, 9, 11 and 13 leaves after pruning were packed in carton boxes of 13.7 kg and stored in a cold room at 14 °C for 21 days to simulate transportation conditions. During this period, eight visual evaluations of fruit peel colour were made. Next, fruits were induced to commercial ripening using ethylene at 100 μl/ml. Four evaluations (every 2 days) on fruit firmness, soluble solids, titratable acidity, fruit weight and peel colour were made to assess fruit yellow life. No interaction between evaluations and number of leaves retained was found for pulp firmness, soluble solid percentage, fruit acidity, fruit weight and maturation grade. The fruit green life and peel colour was similar for plants retaining different number of leaves. After the application of ethylene, there were no differences in fruit firmness (P > 0.62), percentage of soluble solids (P > 0.24) nor in the percentage of acidity (P > 0.32). No difference in fruit weight (P > 0.07) and ripening grade (P > 0.17) were observed among plants retaining different number of leaves. The results suggest that in tropical commercial banana plantations, producing for international markets, it is possible to defoliate the banana plants to seven leaves at flowering without causing a reduction on the green and yellow life and quality of fruit. 相似文献
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Glutamine and glutamate levels and related metabolizing enzymes in tomato fruits with different shelf-life 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
G. Pratta R. Zorzoli S. B. Boggio L. A. Picardi E. M. Valle 《Scientia Horticulturae》2004,100(1-4):341-347
Free amino acids composition and glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) and glutamine synthetase (GS) levels were evaluated in fruits of Lycopersicon esculentum var. esculentum genotypes having standard (cv. Caimanta) and altered (nor and rin mutants) ripening characteristics. Two accessions of the wild L. esculentum var. cerasiforme (LA1385 and LA1673) were also assayed. Shelf-life (SL) of these fruits ranged from 12 (cv. Caimanta) to 36 (nor mutant) days. The relative glutamate content (as percentage of total free amino acid content) of ripe mature fruits differed considerably among lines, having cv. Caimanta and the nor mutant the highest and the lowest values, respectively. A negative correlation between the relative glutamate content and fruit SL was also found. In the standard ripening cv. Caimanta, GS was principally present in green mature fruits while GDH was found in ripe mature fruits. In the other lines, GS and GDH were detected at both maturation stages. Summarizing, standard SL correlates with higher relative glutamate content and reciprocal induction pattern of GS and GDH, while long SL is associated with lower relative glutamate content and simultaneous presence of both enzymes in the pericarp of tomato fruits. These data suggest that the regulation of the level of glutamate, GS and GDH during fruit ripening is related to the final SL of fruits. 相似文献