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1.
不同改土物料对烤烟养分吸收及碳、氮代谢的影响 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
利用一定数量石灰、白云石粉、粉煤灰、废菌棒和化肥构成7种不同的改土物料组合,以常规化肥为对照,通过盆栽试验探讨不同改土物料组合对烤烟养分吸收及碳、氮代谢作用的影响。结果表明,土壤施用不同改土物料组合可以促进烟株对氮、磷、钾、钙、锰和锌等矿质养分吸收,提高烟叶光合色素和氨基酸含量,增强烟株光合作用,促进烟株碳、氮代谢,其中均以石灰+菌棒+常规化肥组合效果最好,其烟叶氮、磷、钾、钙、锰和锌含量分别比对照提高138.5%、80.0%、33.9%4、2.3%9、8.7%和85.1%。烟叶叶绿素a、叶绿素b、叶绿素总量和类胡萝卜素含量分别比对照增加45.1%、69.2%、100.0%和336.7%;烟株净光合速率比对照高近6倍,烟叶氨基酸总量及谷氨酸、天冬氨酸和亮氨酸含量分别比对照提高31.54、.1、3.4和3.1.g/kg。表明石灰+废菌棒+常规化肥组合可作为福建烟区土壤较理想的改土物料。 相似文献
2.
不同微量元素叶面肥对草莓育苗生长的影响 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
将硼、钼和铁等微量元素复配成单一或复合叶面微肥,应用于草莓育苗,通过分析草莓生长情况,以确定硼、钼和铁肥的最佳施用量。结果表明:单施硼、钼、铁肥及配施叶面肥均能不同程度促进草莓繁苗数、母株的株高、净光合速率以及母株和子苗的叶面积、SPAD值和地上部和地下部的生物量。其中硼、钼对繁苗数、叶面积的促进效果较为明显,铁对叶绿素和光合作用的促进效果最为明显;总体来看,随着铁浓度的增加,其对母株叶面积、SPAD值、母株地上部和地下部生物量以及子苗的叶面积的促进作用更加明显,但高浓度的硼、钼促进作用则减弱,甚至对繁苗数产生抑制作用;不同微量元素的配施处理中,以硼和钼配施微肥效果最好,显著提高了草莓母株和子苗的地上部和地下部生物量。由此,本试验中0.2%硼肥、0.2%钼肥及各浓度的铁肥以及硼、钼配施为草莓育苗微肥的最佳施用方式。 相似文献
3.
《Cereal Chemistry》2017,94(1):1-1
Pulses, the dry edible seeds of plants in the legume family, include field pea, dry bean, lentil, chickpea, and fababean. The contemporary definition of pulses excludes oilseed legumes and legumes consumed in immature form. Pulses have been nourishing people around the world for thousands of years and are well known as a rich, sustainable source of protein that is high in lysine and therefore complementary to protein from cereals. They also are good sources of energy and dietary fiber, are low in fat, and contain significant levels of vitamins, minerals, and other micronutrients and bioactives. Owing to its intermediate amylose content, starch from pulses is digested more slowly than are most cereal and tuber starches. Whole and split pulses and pulse flours also exhibit relatively high levels of type 1 resistant starch. As a result, the consumption of pulses is beneficial to the management of type 2 diabetes, metabolic syndrome, and obesity, is associated with a reduced risk of cardiovascular disease and cancer, and contributes to overall health and wellness. Pulses are used in whole or dehulled form in canned goods, sweets, soups, and pastes, whereas pulse flours are becoming common ingredients in a wide variety of food and pet food products such as baked goods, pasta and noodles, biscuits, and condiments. There is considerable interest currently in dry and wet fractionation of pulses into starch, protein, and fiber concentrates for use in both food and nonfood applications. As consumers are becoming increasingly health conscious and focused on a wellness‐oriented lifestyle, they are demanding tasty and convenient food products that are plant‐based and provide both nutritional and health benefits. In recent years, interest in the use of pulses and their ingredients in food formulation has grown tremendously owing to their nutritional and health benefits and unique functionality, a rise in the incidence of food allergies, and the availability of novel processing technologies. The United Nations declared 2016 as the International Year of Pulses, which was celebrated through the hosting of scientific and educational activities worldwide, all aimed at increasing consumer awareness of the benefits of pulse consumption and of the role of pulses in sustainable crop production systems. The ultimate goal was increased production and consumption of pulses in both developed and developing countries. This focus issue of Cereal Chemistry captures current research related to pulse composition, processing technologies, nutritional and functional attributes of pulse ingredients, impacts of processing on composition and functionality, potential health benefits, and novel food applications. It also includes review articles on composition, nutritional value and health benefits, traditional and new food uses, determination of protein nutritional quality, evaluation of cooking time, effects of processing on antinutrients, and flavor aspects of ingredients. 相似文献
4.
氮磷钾对春茶光合生理及氨基酸组分的影响 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
【目的】当前为追求茶园高产盲目施肥、滥用化肥造成生态环境破坏的现象较为严重,因此如何合理施肥显得尤为重要,本文通过研究氮、磷、钾不同水平及其配比对春茶净光合速率(Pn)、蒸腾速率(Tr)、气孔导度(Gs)、胞间CO2浓度(Ci)和水分利用效率(WUE)等光合生理指标和春茶新梢氮、磷、钾含量,氨基酸总量及其组分的影响,为茶园平衡施肥和精准施肥提供理论指导。【方法】采取单因素试验设计,设氮、磷、钾各3个水平及其配比和对照,共14个处理(N1、N2、N3、P1、P2、P3、K1、K2、K3、NP、NK、PK、NPK、CK),在茶树新梢长至1芽3叶时采样,用Li-6400便携式光合测定仪测定茶树的光合生理指标,用氨基酸自动分析仪测定春茶氨基酸总量及组分含量,分别采用凯氏定氮法、钒钼黄比色法和原子吸收分光光度法测定茶树新梢的全氮、全磷和全钾含量。分析不同施肥处理对茶树光合生理指标和春茶氨基酸总量及其组分的影响,并通过逐步回归分析建立Pn与茶树新梢氮、磷、钾含量,Tr、Gs和Ci的回归方程。【结果】NPK处理茶树Pn比CK提高9.70%;P2、P3和NPK处理的Tr显著增加,比CK分别提高10.60%、14.92%、14.25%;NPK处理的Gs显著增加,比CK高23.15%,同时Gs随不同施肥水平表现出与蒸腾速率较一致的趋势,二者的相关性极显著;Ci随氮、磷、钾施用量的增加而上升;WUE随氮、磷、钾施用量的增加而下降。NPK处理的茶树新梢的氮、磷含量较高,相同施肥处理的茶树新梢的磷含量低于氮、钾。逐步回归分析显示,茶树新梢磷含量,Ci和Gs对Pn的直接作用较大,直接通径系数分别为0.3688、-0.8139和0.4677,Pn=12.955+26.624P-0.087Ci+38.233Gs;NPK处理下春茶氨基酸总量及茶氨酸、天冬氨酸、苏氨酸、丝氨酸和胱氨酸等主要氨基酸组分的含量分别比对照提高了27.88%、26.60%、35.78%、35.06%、24.41%和24.41%,与对照差异显著。【结论】新梢磷含量和气孔导度对春茶净光合速率的提高有直接的促进作用,而胞间CO2浓度对净光合速率有一定的消减作用。氮磷钾配施可显著提升茶树新梢叶片的气孔导度并保证茶树新梢中较高的磷含量,从而提高了茶树的净光合速率。氮磷钾肥配施能显著提高春茶氨基酸总量及其组分含量,提高了春茶的品质,表明茶叶中氨基酸总量和茶氨酸等重要组分含量的提高是氮、磷、钾营养共同作用的结果。因此,氮磷钾配合施用可以提高春茶的产量和品质。 相似文献
5.
中国盐渍土研究：历程、现状与展望 总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10
盐渍土研究是以盐渍土和盐渍生境作为主要研究对象，以盐渍土和盐渍化的发生与演变过程、环境要素和人类活动对盐渍化的影响与作用机制、盐渍土的治理、改良和利用的理论与技术为主体的研究领域。我国盐渍土面积巨大、种类繁多，盐渍化问题突出，对农业生产和生态环境造成不同程度的影响。我国科学家提出的盐渍土“水盐调控”“水盐平衡”，“淡化肥沃层”和“障碍消减”等理论与技术方法，为发展农业生产、提高土地产能、保障粮食安全、拓展耕地资源等发挥了积极作用。近期我国在土壤盐渍化演变过程的监测与多源数据融合、土壤水盐运移过程模拟与尺度转换、盐渍农田养分循环与减损增效、盐渍障碍的生态消减、盐渍障碍微生物修复、盐渍农田灌排优化管理与边际水安全利用等方面取得了积极的进展和成果。建议今后深入开展盐渍土精准控盐的高效和安全用水、土壤盐渍障碍的绿色消减与健康保育、盐渍农田养分库容扩增与增碳减排、土壤盐渍化与区域生态的耦合响应和协同适应等方面的理论与技术研究。应面向农业、资源、生态、环境等领域和行业，致力于拓展理论和新技术的研究，为国家农业升级、粮食安全、耕地保护、生态安全、高质量发展发挥重要作用。本文回顾了我国盐渍土研究工作的... 相似文献
6.
生产建设项目水土保持信息化监管是全国各地水土保持强监管、保护生态环境的重要职责和重点工作,面对覆盖全国、数量巨大、年度多次的监管重任,监管工作及技术方法遇到了人工复核工作量大、识别分析难、快速精准监管效能低等瓶颈制约,迫切需要以人工智能为核心的高新技术支撑,破解技术难题。通过对遥感影像光谱信息、纹理结构等特征分析,影像特征增强技术,各类项目占地、土石方挖填量与弃渣量、建设工期、水土流失影响程度等级等大数据辅助,经过全面、精细、智能深度学习,同时运用发改、国土资源、城乡建设、环保、林业、水利、交通、电力等部门的相关信息大数据,通过关联分析,实现对生产建设项目的智能化识别。通过对项目特定的必备配套设施智能关联分析判别、相关图斑的归集,智能分析同一项目相关图斑的判别与归集。综合应用人工智能、大数据、云计算、互联网、物联网等高新科技,提高对"未批先建""未验先投""未批先弃"等违法违规行为的智能化、精准化判别率。为提升精准监管效率与效能,应加强水土保持重要敏感区的大数据智能支持,重点监管项目的智能跟踪,水土流失危害重点问题监控,细化项目开工前期、施工过程、工程完工3个时段的关键水土保持措施跟踪监管,更加及时、有效地全面支撑水土保持检查、监督、执法,全面提升监管效率与水平,促进生态优先、绿色发展,为国家高质量发展提供重要支撑和保障。 相似文献
7.
全自动蒜种盒提取投放装置设计与试验 总被引：3，自引：3，他引：0
针对目前大蒜播种机械自动化程度低、蒜种鳞芽朝上率低的现状,基于种盒式大蒜播种方式,设计了一种全自动蒜种盒提取投放装置。该装置主要包括机架、地轮、地轮轴、测速编码器、光电传感器、控制箱、输送装置和提取投放装置,能够实现蒜种盒自动给进、准确抓取、平稳输送、精确投放等功能。设计了机械臂和机械手结构,通过理论分析建立了各关键部件参数数学模型,确定了机械臂和机械手工作参数,探明了机组行进速度对各舵机工作参数的影响规律,明确了影响蒜种盒投放间隙的因素。为了测试蒜种盒投放效果影响进行了试验,结果表明当机组行进速度为0.90 km/h,中心舵机、辅助舵机、控距舵机转速分别为26.04、26.04、13.89 r/min时蒜种盒投放后衔接间隙平均值为5.6 mm,投放效果较优,满足大蒜播种要求。该文研究结果可为实现大蒜播种自动化提供参考。 相似文献
8.
Soybean glycinin groups I, IIa, and IIb were purified from soybeans composed of only glycinin groups I, IIa, and IIb, respectively. When these protein solutions were heated, the amount of the particulate protein formed in these solutions was greatest in the order of groups IIa, IIb, and I. The protein solubilities decreased upon the addition of magnesium chloride in the order of groups IIa, IIb, and I. It was determined by differential scanning calorimetry analysis that the denaturation temperatures of groups I, IIa, and IIb were 92.8, 96.0, and 97.9 degrees C, and that the enthalpies of their transitions were 24.2, 27.4, and 28.1 J g(-)(1), respectively. The alpha-helix rates of groups I, IIa, and IIb in aqueous solution were analyzed by circular dichroism and were 19, 16, and 15%, respectively. The beta-sheet rates of groups I, IIa, and IIb were 44, 38, and 39%, respectively. In all group proteins, the alpha-helix rates were decreased by heating and the beta-sheet rates were increased. The surface hydrophobicity of these group proteins increased as a result of heating, and those of groups IIa and IIb were larger than that of group I. The surface hydrophobicity of these protein groups increased by heating, and those of groups IIa and IIb were larger than that of group I and beta-conglycinin. Breaking stress of curds prepared from these group proteins containing more than 1 of beta-conglycinin ration showed similar values, but the order of those containing less than 1 in strength was groups I, IIb and IIa. These results suggest that the increase of particulate contents and the curd formation are related to the increase of surface hydrophobicity by heating. 相似文献
9.
基于AHP和GIS的广西秋旱灾害风险等级评估 总被引：4，自引：2，他引：2
为增强对广西秋季干旱灾害的风险评估和应急管理能力,该文利用气象、基础地理信息和社会经济数据,从广西省秋旱灾害致灾因子的危险度、孕灾环境的脆弱度、干旱承灾体的易损度和抗灾能力等4个方面选取因子,构建秋旱灾害风险评估的指标体系,通过层次分析法确定因子权重,以此构建评估模型并计算广西秋旱灾害风险指数,再基于GIS绘制广西秋旱灾害风险等级分布图。结果表明,高风险区主要分布在桂中盆地和桂西部分山区;较低风险区主要分布在桂西北和桂北的山区,桂南沿海和桂东南部分地区。利用广西干旱灾情数据验证表明,广西秋旱灾害风险等级分布结果与干旱灾情损失空间分布情况基本一致。该研究为灾害风险管理和灾前防御提供决策依据。 相似文献
10.
《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2012,43(11-12):1620-1629
Abstract Application of industrial wastewater on agricultural lands increased the amounts of elements in soil and plants. To investigate the effects of wastewater on soil properties and element content in soil and plants, wastewaters of three industries (chrome chemical, wood and paper, and textiles) were examined in 2005. At harvest time, the soil samples were taken from depths of 0–15 and 15–30 cm, and the roots and shoots of rice, spinach, clover, and grass and grain of rice in an industrial wastewater–treated area and untreated area were sampled. Results indicated that the concentrations of zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), manganese (Mn), and iron (Fe) increased in river water when wastewater was discharged into it. Use of the river water, influenced by industrial wastewater, for irrigation of rice and other plants increased the amounts of organic matter and available Zn, Cu, Mn, and Fe in soil. Cation exchange capacity was correlated with available Cu and Fe in soil (+0.431** and +0.499**, respectively). Soil organic matter was correlated with available Zn, Cu, Mn, and Fe in soil. However, the clay content in soil did not correlate with these elements. Meanwhile, in roots, shoots, and grains of rice and roots and shoots of spinach, clover, and grasses of agricultural land influenced by industrial wastewater, the amounts of Zn, Cu, Mn, and Fe increased. Therefore, by increasing the amount of Mn in the soil, the concentration of Zn in rice grain decreased and the concentration of Cu and Mn increased. Transferred Zn concentrations to rice grain and shoots of spinach, clover, and grass were more than Cu and Mn and increased in rice grain. 相似文献
11.
采用半静态水质接触染毒法,研究鲫鱼（Carassius auratus）肝脏、肾脏和肌肉对不同质量浓度（0、0.1、0.5、1.0、5.0和10.0 mg·L^-1）阿特拉津的富集效应。结果表明,阿特拉津在鱼体中的富集速度较快;在试验所选浓度下,鲫鱼肝脏、肾脏和肌肉均在染毒后19 d即对阿特拉津达到富集稳态,但各个器官对阿特拉津的富集能力都较低。阿特拉津在肝脏、肾脏和肌肉中的富集系数均随着染毒浓度的增加而变小,呈现显著的负相关关系;其在肝脏、肾脏和肌肉中的最大和最小富集系数分别出现在最低（0.1 mg·L^-1）和最高（10.0 mg·L^-1）浓度组,最大富集系数分别为：13.08、11.00和6.02,最小富集系数分别为：5.22、4.37和2.94。而且,当阿特拉津暴露浓度相同时,鲫鱼不同组织器官对阿特拉津的富集能力存在差异,表现为：肝脏〉肾脏〉肌肉。 相似文献
12.
不同肥料配合对温室迷你黄瓜硝酸盐含量及品质的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
试验研究了单施氮肥、氮磷、氮钾、氮磷钾、有机肥与氮磷钾、有机肥与减半氮磷钾、有机肥与生物有机肥、有机肥与酵素菌肥，有机肥与生物有机肥和酵素菌肥配施，对日光温室春茬迷你黄瓜不同采收期、追肥后不同间隔天数采收果实的硝酸盐含量变化、品质以及总产量的影响。结果表明：采收中期果实硝酸盐含量较高，采收初期和后期较低；一次追肥后果实硝酸盐含量先上升，在6～9d达最高值，之后下降；在每公顷最高施氮量600kg的条件下，不同施肥配合果实中的硝酸盐含量和53．1～145．9mg/kg之间，合理的氮肥用量并不会造成迷你黄瓜果实内硝酸盐含量的积累；迷你黄瓜品质以有机肥配合无机肥施用最好；降低有机无机配合处理中无机肥用量或完全施用有机肥不会生产出品质最优的产品，但产量以有机肥与酵素菌肥、生物有机肥配施和有机肥配施一定量的氮磷钾无机肥增产效果较好。 相似文献
13.
农业病虫害预测预报专家系统平台的开发 总被引：24，自引：0，他引：24
详细介绍了农业病虫害预测预报专家系统平台的设计与开发，包括系统的整体结构与功能设计、系统知识库的设计与知识组织模型、系统各功能模块的设计及系统的特点等。系统主要由专家知识库、系统推理机、预测预报模块、知识库管理模块、案例库管理模块和预测结果解释模块等构成，以数据库形式来存放有关的专家知识，共定义10个数据表，各表间形成了特定的关联关系，使得表中所包含的有关知识描述、特征临界值、生成的判别条件及发生等级间构成一种网状模型。系统采用了基于专家知识的前向型推理与基于案例的推理(Case-Based Reasoning, CBR)相结合的方式进行预测推理。各模块的用户界面采用“向导”或其它提示方式引导用户完成专家知识库的维护、用户数据输入、推理确认、病虫害预测预报结果显示、案例库管理(包括案例确认、补充信息及案例统计)及预测结果解释等操作。系统具有开放、自学习、易操作等特性，可广泛应用于农业、林业等病虫害预测预报专家系统的构建。 相似文献
14.
添加生物炭对黄绵土耕层土壤可蚀性的影响 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
生物炭因其固有的特性和理化性质成为新兴的土壤结构改良添加剂,目前大多研究集中在添加生物炭后土壤理化性质及作物产量变化方面,而对添加生物炭后土壤抗侵蚀效应变化的研究很少。以黄土高原典型黄绵土为例,采用室内人工模拟降雨试验,研究添加不同含量(0%、1%、3%、5%、7%)和粒级(2mm、1mm、0.25mm)的生物炭对坡面片蚀的影响。结果表明:(1)生物炭含量、生物炭含量与粒级的交互作用对降雨侵蚀有显著影响,生物炭粒级对侵蚀的影响效应相对较弱。(2)各次降雨中,添加1%含量的各粒级生物炭均可产生减流减沙作用,探讨其他含量的生物炭对侵蚀和径流的影响时需结合生物炭的粒级进行具体分析。(3)产流时间随生物炭含量的增加而减小,且≤3%的生物炭添加量可延迟产流时间。 相似文献
15.
国内外堆肥标准分析及其对中国的借鉴启示 总被引：11，自引：2，他引：9
中国农业废弃物产量巨大,堆肥是农业废弃物资源化利用的主要方式之一,也是养分和有机质回收到土壤中的方法。结合国内外堆肥标准制定情况,通过分析对比无害化指标、有机质、总养分、重金属、含水率等指标,指出中国存在就农业废弃物处理缺乏专业化堆肥及有机肥标准推进委员会、对堆肥产品中氮磷钾和有机质含量的最低限值较高及未建立堆肥标准体系等问题。建议国家组建堆肥标准制定专家委员会或堆肥协会,进一步规范有机肥生产运行管理,进一步修订有机肥、生物有机肥、沼肥等标准,建立完善的堆肥标准体系。 相似文献
16.
Phenolic content and antioxidant capacity of muscadine grapes 总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10
Pastrana-Bonilla E Akoh CC Sellappan S Krewer G 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2003,51(18):5497-5503
Fruits of 10 cultivars of muscadine grapes (five bronze skin and five purple skin) grown in southern Georgia were separated into skin, seed, and pulp. Each fruit part and the leaves from the corresponding varieties were extracted for HPLC analysis of major phenolics. Total phenolics were determined colorimetrically using Folin-Ciocalteu reagent. Total anthocyanins were determined according to a pH-differential method, using a UV-visible spectrophotometer. Antioxidant capacity was determined by the Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC) assay. Gallic acid, (+)-catechin, and epicatechin were the major phenolics in seeds, with average values of 6.9, 558.4, and 1299.4 mg/100 g of fresh weight (FW), respectively. In the skins, ellagic acid, myricetin, quercetin, kaempferol, and trans-resveratrol were the major phenolics, with respective average values of 16.5, 8.4, 1.8, 0.6, and 0.1 mg/100 g of FW. Contrary to previous results, ellagic acid and not resveratrol was the major phenolic in muscadine grapes. The HPLC solvent system used coupled with fluorescence detection allowed separation of ellagic acid from resveratrol and detection of resveratrol. Reported here for the first time are the phenolic content and antioxidant capacity of muscadine leaves. Major phenolics in muscadine leaves were myricetin, ellagic acid, kaempferol, quercetin, and gallic acid, with average concentrations of 157.6, 66.7, 8.9, 9.8, and 8.6, respectively. Average total phenolics were 2178.8, 374.6, 23.8, and 351.6 mg/g gallic acid equivalent in seed, skin, pulp, and leaves, respectively. Total anthocyanin contents were 2.1 and 132.1 mg/100 g of FW in the skins of bronze and purple grapes, respectively, and 4.3 and 4.6 mg/100 g of FW in seeds and pulps, in that order. Antioxidant capacity values were, on average, 2.4, 12.8, 281.3, and 236.1 microM TEAC/g of FW for pulps, skins, seeds, and leaves, respectively. 相似文献
17.
新乡市大棚菜田土壤重金属积累特征及污染评价 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
采用微波消解-ICP-AES技术,测定不同种植年限大棚菜田土壤样品中As、Pb、Zn、Cd、Cr、Mn、Ni、Cu等重金属的含量,研究不同种植年限与大棚菜田土壤重金属累积的相关性以及大棚菜田土壤重金属累积特征,并利用地积累指数法进行污染评价。结果表明:大棚菜田土壤重金属Zn、Pb、Ni、Mn和Cu的含量与种植年限具有极显著相关性;大棚菜田土壤中重金属Cd和Cr的含量与种植年限不相关。重金属元素间相关性分析表明,Zn与Pb、Cd、Ni、Mn、Cr、Cu,Pb与Cd、Ni、Mn、Cr、Cu,Cd与Ni、Mn、Cr,Ni与Mn、Cr、Cu,Mn与Cr、Cu具有污染同源性,Cu与Cd、Cr不具有污染同源性。地积累指数法污染评价结果显示Cd的污染等级达到了6级,已构成了极严重污染;Zn和Cu的污染等级达到2级,已构成了中度污染;Pb、Mn的污染等级达到1级,已经构成了轻~中度污染;As、Ni、Cr均未构成污染。 相似文献
18.
针对重大疫病应急防控信息化管理的需要,创建了北京市重大动物疫病应急指挥平台。完成了平台的总体设计、技术体系结构、功能及数据库设计与系统研发。研制了动物疫病应急处置业务流模式及逻辑框架、疫病防控综合决策模型、动物疫病防控信息多源异构数据无缝集成等关键技术。提出了Flex控件与ArcObjects组件的无缝式捆绑技术在系统中的巧妙应用。解决了疫源分析、划定疫点、疫区、受威胁区、路口封锁、疫情监测、无害化处理、消毒、扑杀、紧急免疫及解除封锁等一系列应急处置中的关键问题。实现了北京市重大动物疫病信息化、一体化的应急指挥。为全面判断防控形势与科学决策提供及时、准确的信息,为北京市重大动物疫病应急指挥提供了快速而有力的支撑作用。 相似文献
19.
为了理清对寒旱农业的认识和界定,明确寒旱农业当前的发展态势和未来发展方向,通过调研大量资料,以甘肃省为例,明确了寒旱区的分布及自然特征,探讨了寒旱农业的概念和内涵。从土壤类型及耕地质量水平、作物种植结构及生产水平、机械化水平、土地经营方式、社会化服务水平等方面阐释了寒旱农业现状;从生境因素、土壤因素、区域结构布局、投入水平、技术支撑等方面分析了寒旱农业存在的问题。提出了寒旱农业未来要在绿色覆盖、流域生态、种养循环模式下,充分集成设施化、机械化、智能化、数字化等手段,重点研究绿色覆盖、土壤定向培育、土壤有机质快速提升、智慧化集雨农业、旱作智慧农业决策平台、智能养分产品应用、作物种植制度优化设计等关键技术和策略。 相似文献
20.
生物有机肥对陇东烤烟生长的根际营养调控 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
针对陇东旱塬烤烟生产中存在的因长期连作和施肥不合理引起的产量持续下降、品质不高以及病虫害严重等问题,通过在苗床期和大田移栽期采用根际施用生物有机肥,研究了根际营养调控对苗床期烟苗的生长、代谢和对苗床土微生物数量以及对烟叶产量的影响。结果表明:苗床期施用生物有机肥成苗速度快,叶片数提前达到移栽标准,最大叶叶面积和干重分别比对照增加28.9%和68.0%,地上部和根系干重分别比对照增加了191.9%和100.0%;总根长、比根长和根尖数分别比对照增加了161.5%、30.8%和290.2%;根系总吸收面积、活跃吸收面积以及脱氢酶活性分别比对照增加了69.1%、70.2%和70.0%。苗床土中微生物总数比对照增加了36.7%,并使细菌与真菌的数量比从1.54×104∶1增加至1.84×104∶1。施用生物有机肥处理的产量和产值分别比对照增加了23.2%和46.5%,中上等烟比例增加了16个百分点,纯收入增加了12363元hm-2。 相似文献