共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 31 毫秒
1.
Adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL), a newly identified lipase, is a rate-limiting enzyme for triglyceride hydrolysis in adipocytes. The regulatory proteins involved in ATGL-mediated lipolysis in fat tissue are not fully identified and understood. The G(0)/G(1) switch gene 2 (G0S2) is an inhibitor of ATGL activity by interacting with ATGL through the hydrophobic domain of G0S2. Here, for the first time, we have cloned the coding sequence of G0S2 cDNA for the chicken, turkey, and quail. Sequence comparisons with mammals revealed that the avian G0S2 also have a conserved hydrophobic domain. Avian G0S2 is predominantly expressed in adipose tissues relative to other tested tissues. Within the adipose tissue, G0S2 is expressed 20-fold greater in the adipocyte than in the stromal-vascular (SV) fraction (P < 0.001). Expression of G0S2 mRNA gradually increased during differentiation of chicken adipocytes in culture (P < 0.05). However, there is G0S2 expression in embryonic adipose tissue, SV fraction, and primary preadipocytes before confluence that generally have an increased capacity of cell proliferation, which indicates it has an important role in adipocyte differentiation rather than proliferation. For a better understanding of how G0S2 responds to environmental stimuli, chickens were fasted for 24 h and then refed. Expression of G0S2 in adipose tissue was dramatically decreased (P < 0.05) in the chickens and quail after a 24-h fasting period, and increased to the control level after refeeding. In contrast to G0S2 expression, ATGL expression was induced (P < 0.05) after the 24-h fasting period and rapidly returned to the control level during the refeeding period. These data indicate that changes in lipolytic activities of adipose tissue in vivo can be regulated by G0S2 expression, as an inhibitor of ATGL. 相似文献
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Nagao K Aman Yaman M Murai A Sasaki T Saito N Okumura J Kita K 《British poultry science》2001,42(4):501-504
1. We examined the changes in plasma IGF-I concentration and tissue IGFBP-2 gene expression of young fasted chickens refed a commercial diet or administered bovine insulin intravenously. 2. Plasma IGF-I concentration was decreased by fasting for 2 d. Although plasma IGF-I concentration was increased by refeeding, it didn't recover to the level of chickens fed a commercial diet ad libitum. 3. Insulin administration lowered plasma IGF-I concentration compared to other groups. 4. Hepatic IGFBP-2 mRNA was increased by fasting for 2 d and decreased by refeeding for 6 h. Insulin administration also decreased hepatic IGFBP-2 gene expression stimulated by fasting to the level of refed chickens. 5. IGFBP-2 mRNA in the gizzard was increased by fasting for 2 d and tended to decrease after refeeding for 6 h. Insulin administration decreased gizzard IGFBP-2 gene expression to less than that in refed chickens. 6. There was no between-treatment difference in IGFBP-2 mRNA in the brain and kidney. 7. These results suggest that the changes in IGFBP-2 gene expression in the liver and gizzard by fasting and refeeding might be partly regulated by the alteration in plasma insulin concentration. 相似文献
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K. KITA 《British poultry science》1998,39(5):679-682
1. We examined the influence of refeeding after 2 d of fasting on plasma insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) concentration and hepatic IGF-I gene expression in chickens at 6 weeks of age. 2. Hepatic IGF-I mRNA was measured by ribonuclease protection assay and plasma IGF-I concentration was determined by radioimmunoassay. 3. Plasma IGF-I concentration decreased following fasting, increased to the level of fed controls after 2 h of refeeding but then fell back to the level of fasted chickens after 6 h of refeeding. 4. Fasting reduced hepatic IGF-I mRNA concentrations to less than half of those in the fed controls. Refeeding increased IGF-I mRNA sharply at 2 h after refeeding, but by 6 h after refeeding they had taller back again to levels significantly lower than at 2 h. 5. A significant correlation between plasma IGF-I concentration and hepatic IGF-I gene expression was found, suggesting that when chicks are refed after 2 d of fasting, the short-term increase in plasma IGF-I concentration may be partly regulated by the alteration in hepatic IGF-I mRNA. 相似文献
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Toll-like receptors (TLRs), a family of transmembrane and cytosolic proteins, detect microbial patterns, initiating innate immune responses in various organisms. Although they are abundant, genetic characterization and functional differences of TLRs in economically important avian species such as chickens and turkeys have not been investigated in detail. In this study, the putative TLR5 coding region from turkey genome was sequenced, and its homology to other vertebrate species was analyzed. Secondary structure analysis revealed protein motifs typical of the chicken TLR5 protein structure, with 97% amino acid identity between them. mRNA expression profiling in adult turkeys revealed abundant TLR5 expression in a broad range of tissues. Stimulation with the TLR5 ligand flagellin resulted in the production of the inflammatory mediators interleukin (IL)-1beta, IL-6, and nitric oxide in peripheral blood mononuclear cells. To our knowledge, this is the first complete turkey TLR5 coding DNA sequence reported in sequence databases. 相似文献
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Adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL) was recently identified and described as a major novel triglyceride lipase in animals. In this study, we aimed to study the tissue-specific and developmental expression pattern of porcine ATGL (pATGL) and the effect of resveratrol (RES) on expression of pATGL in vitro. The full-length cDNA sequence of pATGL was 1,958 bp (accession no. EF583921), with a 1,458-bp open reading frame encoding a 486-AA protein (the predicted molecular mass of 53.2 kDa, accession no. ABS58651). Comparison of the deduced AA sequence with the bovine, mouse, rat, dog, and human adipose triglyceride lipase showed 87, 84, 83, 81, and 80% similarity, respectively. Furthermore, the pATGL was highly expressed in porcine adipose tissue, to a lesser degree in kidney, heart, and muscle, and least but detectable in brain. In s.c. adipose tissue, pATGL mRNA was low at birth (1 kg of BW) and then increased, reaching a maximal value at 20 kg of BW (approximately 8 wk old; P < 0.01). In peritoneal and omental adipose tissue, the greatest expression of pATGL was observed at 40 kg of BW (approximately 12 wk old). In vitro, exposure of cultured adipocytes to 40 and 80 muM RES for 24 h increased the mRNA levels of pATGL by 95.3% (P < 0.05) and 146.8% (P < 0.01), respectively. Accordingly, lipid accumulation was decreased by 25.7% (P < 0.05) and 60.8% (P < 0.01), respectively. When treated with RES for 48 h, the mRNA levels of pATGL were increased by 104.1% (P < 0.05) and 163.1% (P < 0.01), respectively. As expected, lipid accumulation was decreased by 9.7% (P > 0.05) and 29.0% (P < 0.05), respectively. These results add to our understanding of the role of pATGL in adipose tissue development and as a potential target for regulating fat deposition and meat quality. 相似文献
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Cortright KA Wetzlich SE Craigmill AL 《Journal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics》2007,30(5):429-436
In vivo plasma pharmacokinetics of midazolam hydrochloride (5 mg/kg i.v.) were determined in commercially raised broiler chickens, turkeys, ring-necked pheasants and bobwhite quail. Pharmacokinetic profiles of midazolam were similar for all four species, especially with regard to the area under the plasma drug concentration-time curve. Estimates of the half-life of elimination of midazolam were 0.42, 1.45, 1.90, and 9.71 h for turkeys, chickens, bobwhite quail, and pheasant, respectively. This was similar to the major metabolite (1-hydroxymidazolam). Elimination half-lives for 1-hydroxymidazolam were 1.35, 1.86, 1.97, and 13.97 h for turkey, chicken, bobwhite quail and pheasant, respectively. Elimination half-lives for 4-hydroxymidazolam were 0.76, 1.23, 2.85, and 13.82 h for chicken, turkey, pheasant, and bobwhite quail, respectively. In addition to traditional pharmacokinetic approaches to parameter estimation, a bootstrapping technique was employed to attempt to achieve more realistic approximations of the concentrations at later time-points. 相似文献
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Intramuscular fat (IMF) in cattle is an important component of traits that influence meat quality. We measured carcass characteristics and gene expression in Korean steers to clarify the molecular mechanism(s) underlying IMF deposition in LM tissue by determining the correlation between IMF content and gene expression abundance and by developing models to predict IMF content using gene expression abundance. The deposition of IMF is determined by a balance between fat deposition and fat removal in the LM. We measured mRNA abundance of lipid metabolic genes including lipogenesis [acetyl CoA carboxylase (ACC), fatty acid synthase (FASN)], fatty lipid uptake [lipoprotein lipase (LPL), fatty acid translocase (CD36), fatty acid transport protein 1 (FATP1)], fatty acid esterification [glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase 1 (GPAT1), acylglycerol phosphate acyltransferase 1 (AGPAT1), diacylglycerol acyltransferase 1 (DGAT1), DGAT2], lipolysis [adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL), hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL), monoglyceride lipase (MGL)], and fatty acid oxidation [carnitine palmitoyl transferase 1B, very long-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (VLCAD), medium-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (MCAD)] in the LM. The mRNA abundance of the GPAT1 gene showed the greatest correlation (r = 0.74; P < 0.001) with IMF content among 9 fat deposition genes. The gene expression abundance of other fat deposition genes including ACC, FASN, LPL, CD36, FATP1, AGPAT1, DGAT1, and DGAT2 also exhibited significant positive correlations (P < 0.05) with IMF content in the LM. Conversely, ATGL mRNA abundance showed the greatest negative correlation (r = -0.68; P < 0.001) with IMF content in the LM among 6 fat removal genes. The expression of other fat removal genes including MGL, VLCAD, and MCAD showed significant negative correlations (P < 0.05) with IMF content. Our findings show that the combined effects of increases in lipogenesis, fatty acid uptake, fatty acid esterification, and of decreases in lipolysis and fatty acid oxidation contribute to increasing IMF deposition in Korean steers. The multiple regression analysis revealed that the mRNA abundance of the GPAT1 gene in the LM was the first major variable predicting IMF content (54%) among 15 lipid metabolic genes. The second was mRNA abundance of ATGL (11%). In conclusion, these results suggest that GPAT1 and ATGL genes could be used as genetic markers to predict IMF deposition in the LM. 相似文献
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The open reading frame of the S3 segment encoding the sigma2 protein of four turkey reovirus field isolates was analyzed for sequence heterogeneity. The turkey reoviruses we present here have a 97% amino acid identity to turkey NC 98. The S3 nucleotide and amino acid sequence similarity was < or =61% and 78%-80%, respectively, when compared to the chicken reovirus isolates. Comparison of amino acid sequences from chickens and turkeys with that of a duck isolate revealed a 53% and 55% similarity, respectively. Phylogenetic analyses, based on both nucleotide and amino acid sequence, resulted in three major groups among the avian reoviruses; these groups were clearly separated by species. The results of this study provide further evidence, based on the deduced sigma2 sequence, that turkey reoviruses form a distinct, separate group relative to chicken and duck isolates. In addition, as a result of the limited sequence identity with their avian counterparts, turkey reoviruses could potentially be considered a separate virus species within subgroup 2 of the Orthoreovirus genus. 相似文献
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Costa T Chaves AJ Valle R Darji A van Riel D Kuiken T Majó N Ramis A 《Veterinary research》2012,43(1):28
ABSTRACT: This study assessed the presence of sialic acid α-2,3 and α-2,6 linked glycan receptors in seven avian species. The respiratory and intestinal tracts of the chicken, common quail, red-legged partridge, turkey, golden pheasant, ostrich, and mallard were tested by means of lectin histochemistry, using the lectins Maackia amurensis agglutinin II and Sambucus nigra agglutinin, which show affinity for α-2,3 and α-2,6 receptors, respectively. Additionally, the pattern of virus attachment (PVA) was evaluated with virus histochemistry, using an avian-origin H4N5 virus and a human-origin seasonal H1N1 virus. There was a great variation of receptor distribution among the tissues and avian species studied. Both α-2,3 and α-2,6 receptors were present in the respiratory and intestinal tracts of the chicken, common quail, red-legged partridge, turkey, and golden pheasant. In ostriches, the expression of the receptor was basically restricted to α-2,3 in both the respiratory and intestinal tracts and in mallards the α-2,6 receptors were absent from the intestinal tract. The results obtained with the lectin histochemistry were, in general, in agreement with the PVA. The differential expression and distribution of α-2,3 and α-2,6 receptors among various avian species might reflect a potentially decisive factor in the emergence of new viral strains. 相似文献
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Pirsljin J Milinković Tur S Zdelar-Tuk M Beer-Ljubić B Stojević Z Gradinski-Vrbanac B 《DTW. Deutsche tier?rztliche Wochenschrift》2006,113(12):453-457
Changes of reduced glutathione (GSH) and TBARS (thiobarbituric acid-reactive products of lipid peroxidation) concentrations and activity of gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT, EC 2.3.2.2) in the blood of Lohman brown cockerels and pullets in response to 48 hour food deprivation and 24 hour refeeding were examined. The experiment was performed on 61-day-old chickens. Blood samples ware collected from the wing vein (v. brachialis) in heparinized tubes for three times: control sampling before fasting, then after 48 hour food deprivation and after refeeding for 24 hours. Blood GSH concentration after refeeding in cockerels was significantly higher compared with prefasting and fasting values. The concentration of GSH in female chickens was significantly lower after fasting as well as after refeeding compared with control values. In addition to that, in pullets GSH concentration in refeeding was higher than in fasting conditions. The level of TBARS in blood in female and male chickens after fasting and refeeding were significantly lower than the prefasting values. The GGT activity on cockerels after 48 hour food deprivation was significantly higher compared with control sampling and in chickens refeed for 24 hours, whereas in pullets significant difference was exhibit compared only with control values. Concentration of GSH in control sampling in cockerels compared with those in pullets was significantly lower. After 48 hours of fasting, the level of GSH was significantly higher in the cockerels than in the pullets. Results of TBARS concentration in the pullets were higher of control and fasting values than in the cockerels. The GGT activity of control sampling was significantly higher in male chicken. Lipid peroxidation in chickens of both sexes decreased with fasting, but prooxidative-antioxidative processes were more intensive in female chickens, probably because they were not reach sexual maturity. 相似文献
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The mean infectious doses of selected avian influenza virus (AIV) isolates, determined in domestic poultry under experimental conditions, were shown to be both host-dependent and virus strain-dependent and could be considered one measure of the infectivity and adaptation to a specific host. As such, the mean infectious dose could serve as a quantitative predictor for which strains of AIV, given the right conditions, would be more likely transmitted to and maintained in a given species or subsequently cause an AI outbreak in the given species. The intranasal (IN) mean bird infectious doses (BID50) were determined for 11 high-pathogenicity AIV (HPAIV) isolates of turkey and chicken origin for white leghorn (WL) chickens, and for low-pathogenicity AIV (LPAIV) isolates of chicken (n = 1) and wild mallards (n = 2) for turkeys, and WL and white Plymouth rock (WPR) chickens, domestic ducks and geese, and Japanese quail. The BID50 for HPAIV isolates for WL chickens ranged from 10(1.2) to 10(4.7) mean embryo infectious dose (EID50) (median = 10(2.9)). For chicken-origin HPAIV isolates, the BID50 in WL chickens ranged from 10(1.2) to 10(3.0) EID50 (median = 10(2.6)), whereas for HPAIV isolates of turkey origin, the BID50 in WL chickens was higher, ranging from 10(2.8) to 10(4.7) EID50 (median = 10(3.9)). The BID50 of 10(4.7) was for a turkey-origin HPAIV virus that was not transmitted to chickens on the same farm, suggesting that, under the specific conditions present on that farm, there was insufficient infectivity, adaptation, or exposure to that virus population for sustained chicken transmission. Although the upper BID50 limit for predicting infectivity and sustainable transmissibility for a specific species is unknown, a BID50 < 10(4.7) was suggestive of such transmissibility. For the LPAIVs, there was a trend for domestic ducks and geese and Japanese quail to have the greatest susceptible and for WL chickens to be the most resistant, but turkeys were susceptible to two LPAIV tested when used at moderate challenge doses. This suggests domestic ducks and geese, turkeys, and Japanese quail could serve as bridging species for LPAIVs from wild waterfowl to chickens and other gallinaceous poultry. These data do provide support for the commonly held and intuitive belief that mixing of poultry species during rearing and in outdoor production systems is a major risk factor for interspecies transmission of AIVs and for the emergence of new AIV strains capable of causing AI outbreaks because these situations present a more diverse host population to circumvent the natural host dependency or host range of circulating viruses. 相似文献
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1. Glucose transporter (GLUT) proteins, one of which is the major insulin-responsive transporter GLUT4, play a crucial role in cellular glucose uptake and glucose homeostasis in mammals. The aim of this study was to identify the extent of mRNA expression of GLUT1, GLUT2, GLUT3 and GLUT8 in chickens intrinsically lacking GLUT4. 2. GLUT1 mRNA was detected in most tissues of 3-week-old broiler chickens, with the highest expression measured in brain and adipose tissue. GLUT2 was expressed only in the liver and kidney. GLUT3 was highly expressed in the brain. GLUT8 was expressed ubiquitously, with expression in kidney and adipose tissue relatively higher than that of other tissues. 3. Expression levels of GLUT isoforms 1, 3 and 8 in skeletal muscle tissue were very low compared to the other tissues tested. 4. [3H]Cytochalasin B binding assays on tissue from 3-week-old chickens showed that the number of cytochalasin B binding sites in skeletal muscle plasma membranes was higher than in liver plasma membranes. These results suggest that GLUT proteins and/or GLUT-like proteins that bind cytochalasin B are expressed in chicken skeletal muscles. 5. It is proposed that GLUT expression and glucose transport in chicken tissues are regulated in a manner different from that in mammals. 相似文献
17.
Transmission and immunopathology of the avian influenza virus A/Anhui/1/2013 (H7N9) human isolate in three commonly commercialized avian species 
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下载免费PDF全文 B. Vidaña R. Dolz N. Busquets A. Ramis R. Sánchez R. Rivas R. Valle I. Cordón D. Solanes J. Martínez N. Majó 《Zoonoses and public health》2018,65(3):312-321
H7N9 virus infection is a global concern, given that it can cause severe infection and mortality in humans. However, the understanding of H7N9 epidemiology, animal reservoir species and zoonotic risk remains limited. This work evaluates the pathogenicity, transmissibility and local innate immune response of three avian species harbouring different respiratory distribution of α2,6 and α2,3 SA receptors. Muscovy ducks, European quails and SPF chickens were intranasally inoculated with 105 embryo infectious dose (EID)50 of the human H7N9 (A/Anhui/1/2013) influenza isolate. None of the avian species showed clinical signs or macroscopic lesions, and only mild microscopic lesions were observed in the upper respiratory tract of quail and chickens. Quail presented more severe histopathologic lesions and avian influenza virus (AIV) positivity by immunohistochemistry (IHC), which correlated with higher IL‐6 responses. In contrast, Muscovy ducks were resistant to disease and presented higher IFNα and TLR7 response. In all species, viral shedding was higher in the respiratory than in the digestive tract. Higher viral shedding was observed in quail, followed by chicken and ducks, which presented similar viral titres. Efficient transmission was observed in all contact quail and half of the Muscovy ducks, while no transmission was observed between chicken. All avian species showed viral shedding in drinking water throughout infection. 相似文献
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1. The genetic architecture of the avian uncoupling protein (avUCP) was investigated and the relationship between avUCP gene expression and the amount of abdominal fat of Japanese quail was determined by quantitative real-time PCR. 2. The Japanese quail avUCP gene consists of six exons and five introns. Sequences of nucleotides and amino acids were 94·6% and 86·0% identical to those of the chicken avUCP gene, and phylogenetic analysis showed that the Japanese quail avUCP gene consists of the same clusters as the chicken and turkey avUCP. 3. Expression of the avUCP gene was significantly higher in the Pectoralis major (1·28?±?0·24) than in the Biceps femoris (0·63?±?0·14). 4. A positive correlation coefficient between the avUCP gene expression in the Pectoralis major and Biceps femoris was observed (r?=?0·79, P?=?0·02), whereas a negative correlation coefficient was observed between the abdominal fat percentage (AFP) and gene expression in both the Pectoralis major (r?=??0·82, P?=?0·01) and Biceps femoris (r?=??0·61, P?=?0·11). 5. The avUCP gene was associated with the accumulation of abdominal fat in Japanese quail and it was concluded that modulation of avUCP gene expression could be utilised to control abdominal fat accumulation in poultry. 相似文献
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Passage of duck hepatitis virus in cell cultures derived from avian embryos of different species 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
An egg-attenuated strain of duck hepatitis virus was successfully passaged through cell cultures of avian embryos derived from goose, turkey, guinea fowl, Japanese quail, pheasant and chicken. Two field strains of the virus were passaged in a more limited range of species. 相似文献
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1. Differences in responses to lipolytic agents have been investigated in vitro in abdominal adipose tissue from lines of broiler chickens selected for body weight (GL, a 'fat' line) or for food efficiency (FC, a 'lean' line). 2. Dibutyryl cyclic adenosine monophosphate stimulated in vitro lipolysis, as measured by the glycerol release, by adipose tissue from GL or from FC chickens to the same extent. 3. Glucagon stimulated glycerol release from adipose tissue from FC chickens, but not from GL chickens. 4. Adipose tissue from GL chickens was much more sensitive to chicken growth hormone (GH) compared to FC chickens. 5. It is concluded that the selection criteria applied influenced the number of adipose GH and glucagon receptors, the number of adipose GH receptors being lower and of glucagon receptors being higher in FC chickens compared to GL chickens. 相似文献