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宠物食品辐照灭菌及工艺剂量研究 总被引：4，自引：2，他引：2
本文以皮卷、绿爽洁牙骨、鸡肉排骨、鸡胸肉为试验材料,开展了宠物食品辐照灭菌工艺剂量的研究。结果表明：辐照剂量为4kGy时杀菌率达到了92%以上,辐照剂量为6 kGy时杀菌率已达99%以上,检测的各项微生物指标均符合国家食品卫生标准要求,10 kGy即可达到完全灭菌的效果。辐照前后4种样品中均未检出沙门氏菌。4～10 kGy辐照后,宠物食品中水分、脂肪、蛋白质、粗纤维、碳水化合物、矿质元素（除钙）及17种氨基酸的含量与对照相比差异均不显著,说明辐照对宠物食品的营养品质影响很小;在此剂量范围内,样品辐照前后的色泽、风味与滋味也没有明显变化。由此,确定宠物食品适宜的辐照工艺剂量范围为4～10 kGy。 相似文献
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为使电子束辐照在Jeotkal食品产业中得到广泛利用,对鱿鱼Jeotkal发酵食品及配料实施电子束辐照后,分析了鱿鱼Jeotkal发酵食品及配料的微生物和官能特性。结果表明,电子束处理前鱿鱼Jeotkal好氧菌数为2.88logCFU/g,经5kGy处理后,下降为1.76logCFU/g;酵母和霉菌及大肠杆菌初期污染度分别为3.04logCFU/g和4.20logCFU/g,经5kGy辐照后,下降到1.27和1.34logCFU/g,降低2～3log cycle。辣椒粉辐照处理前好氧菌数为4.07logCFU/g,酵母菌和霉菌为3.91logCFU/g,大肠杆菌为4.34logCFU/g。辣椒粉经5kGy辐照后,好氧菌及酵母菌和霉菌显示为ND。蒜糜中初期好氧菌数为4.41logCFU/g,酵母及霉菌为4.48logCFU/g,大肠杆菌为4.32logCFU/g;经5kGy电子束辐照后好氧菌、酵母及霉菌、大肠杆菌都显示为ND。电子束不仅对鱿鱼Jeotkal微生物具有显著的杀菌效果,而且没有引起鱿鱼Jeotkal的pH和官能特性的变化。因此,电子束杀菌技术在低盐或发酵食品储藏工艺中具有很好的应用前景。 相似文献
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Fan X Toivonen PM Rajkowski KT Sokorai KJ 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2003,51(5):1231-1236
Fresh-cut iceberg lettuce dipped in either 5 or 47 degrees C water for 2 min was packaged in modified atmosphere film bags and then exposed to 0, 0.5, 1, or 2 kGy gamma-radiation. Dipping cut lettuce in 47 degrees C water for 2 min prior to irradiation reduced antioxidant and phenolic accumulations induced by irradiation. Irradiation at 2 kGy increased cellular leakage and sogginess of cut lettuce dipped in both temperatures. Samples irradiated at 0.5 and 1 kGy had similar firmness and vitamin C and antioxidant contents as the controls after 14 and 21 days of storage except 1 kGy samples dipped at 47 degrees C had lower antioxidant contents than controls at 14 days of storage. Lettuce dipped at 47 degrees C and irradiated at 0.5 and 1 kGy had better overall visual quality and less tissue browning than corresponding irradiated samples dipped at 5 degrees C. These results suggest lettuce treated with warm water and irradiated at 0.5 or 1 kGy had the best sensory quality without significant loss in texture, vitamin C, or total antioxidants. 相似文献
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研究了芹菜花生冷食菜的辐照杀菌效果和接种于其中的致病菌(Listeria innocua L83和Salmonellaenteritidis500041)的辐照效应,以及辐照处理对芹菜花生冷食菜营养品质和感官品质的影响。结果表明,2kGy辐照处理能有效降低冷食菜中微生物的含量,辐照接种于其中的沙门氏菌和李斯特菌的D10值分别为0.284和0.296 kGy,2.0kGy以下的辐照剂量对其感官品质和蛋白质的营养品质没有明显的影响。2.0kGy剂量能使冷食菜中的微生物降低10-2~10-3,使接种于其中的致病菌降低10-6以上,能有效地提高芹菜花生冷食菜的卫生安全。 相似文献
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为探讨高能电子束辐照对麦冬的影响,以川产道地药材麦冬为研究对象,研究不同剂量0 (CK)、2、4、6 kGy电子束辐照对其微生物数量、感官品质、理化品质、活性成分含量及抗氧化活性的影响。结果表明,电子束辐照能明显降低麦冬中需氧菌、酵母及霉菌总数;此外,所有样品中均未检出大肠埃希氏菌(Escherichia coli)、金黄色葡萄球菌(Staphylococcus aureus)及沙门氏菌(Salmonella)。电子束辐照有利于提高麦冬总皂苷含量,对水分、总灰分、水溶性浸出物、总黄酮、总多糖、总酚含量及抗氧化活性均无显著影响(P>0.05)。电子束辐照后麦冬颜色变暗,主要表现为a*值增加。主成分分析(PCA)及线性判别分析(LDA)结果表明,2 kGy电子束辐照剂量对麦冬风味影响较小。综上,2 kGy辐照处理能有效降低麦冬中微生物数量,对其活性成分含量及抗氧化活性无显著影响,能保持麦冬的色泽及风味品质。本研究为电子束辐照技术在麦冬及其制剂的加工应用提供了一定的理论依据。 相似文献
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Hypsizygus marmoreus fruit bodies were exposed to different doses of (60)Co gamma-irradiation, stored at 4 degrees C and 65-70% relative humidity, and various physiological changes associated with postharvest deterioration, as well as the activities of selected enzymes widely considered to play a role in the process of senescence, were monitored over a subsequent storage period of 25 days. Exposure to 0.8 kGy irradiation was clearly beneficial in maintaining the postharvest appearance of the mushroom sporophores compared to non-irradiated samples and fruit bodies exposed to higher doses (1.2-2.0 kGy) of irradiation. Samples treated with 0.8 kGy also exhibited smaller initial declines in soluble protein, smaller increases in reducing sugar content, and lower levels of malondialdehyde accumulation during the early storage period. Smallest increases in proteinase activity were recorded in samples dosed with 0.8 and 2.0 kGy, and levels of superoxide dismutase were significantly higher in samples exposed to 0.8 kGy compared with non-irradiated controls. Large initial increases in catalase activity were detected in samples irradiated with 0.8, 1.2, and 1.6 kGy and, although enzyme levels gradually decreased in all samples during further storage, residual levels after 25 days were still severalfold higher in irradiated samples compared with controls. The data increase the current understanding of the effects of gamma-irradiation on the biochemical changes associated with postharvest senescence and should lead to more targeted strategies for reducing postharvest quality loss in H. marmoreus and other mushrooms. 相似文献
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为明确辐照对樱桃番茄杀菌效果及其品质特性的影响,以樱桃番茄为材料,分析了樱桃番茄中大肠杆菌、沙门氏菌和李斯特氏菌3种致病菌D_(10)值,并对辐照样品在室温下贮藏0、2、4、6、8、10 d后的色泽和可溶性固形物含量进行了分析。结果表明,樱桃番茄中接种的大肠杆菌、沙门氏菌和李斯特氏菌的D_(10)值分别为0.088、0.243和0.264 kGy;辐照剂量低于2.0 kGy时对樱桃番茄在室温条件下色泽L*值、a*值、b*值及可溶性固形物含量无显著影响(P0.05)。因此,2.0 kGy可以作为樱桃番茄辐照的适宜剂量。本研究结果为降低樱桃番茄的致病微生物含量及辐照技术在保障生鲜果蔬受致病菌污染的应用提供了一定的技术支持。 相似文献
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伽马辐照对冰藏大黄鱼品质和货架期的影响 总被引：9，自引：2，他引：7
为探索伽马辐照处理对冰藏鲜鱼的保鲜效果,试验分析了大黄鱼冰藏期间微生物、生化指标和感官指标的变化,探讨了低剂量辐照处理（1 kGy和2 kGy）对大黄鱼品质和货架期的影响。结果表明,辐照处理后大黄鱼的菌落总数、假单胞菌和产硫化氢细菌数量显著减少;在贮藏期间辐照处理的大黄鱼各种菌数量始终比对照组少;辐照处理可显著减缓大黄鱼挥发性盐基氮和三甲胺的增加;但会促进脂肪的氧化,2 kGy组大黄鱼在贮藏后期能闻到脂肪酸败的味道,而 1 kGy组和对照组大黄鱼始终没有闻到这种味道。辐照处理可增加大黄鱼的货架期,对照组货架期为17 d,而辐照剂量为1 kGy和2 kGy的货架期可延长至30 d和26 d。本试验为辐照商业化应用提供了技术依据。 相似文献
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为了探究辐照对甲鱼预制菜挥发性风味成分的影响,采用0、4.7、7.1、9.9 kGy剂量60Co-γ射线辐照处理甲鱼预制菜,通过感官评定并利用电子鼻结合顶空固相微萃取-气相色谱-质谱联用技术(HS-SPME-GC-MS)分析辐照前后挥发性风味成分的变化。结果表明,5 kGy以内剂量辐照对甲鱼预制菜的感官品质无明显影响,高于5 kGy会影响其气味和滋味,进而可能产生异味。辐照对甲鱼预制菜特征气味引起的差异主要表现在传感器响应值较高的芳香成分和有机硫化物、氮氧化合物、甲烷、醇类和醛酮类物质,利用主成分分析(PCA)和线性判别分析(LDA)能够有效区分经不同剂量辐照处理的甲鱼预制菜。4.7 kGy组与对照组气味差异较小,7.1、9.9 kGy组与对照组差异相对较大。不同剂量辐照后甲鱼预制菜挥发性成分的种类增加,醛类、酸类相对含量降低,烃类、芳香族类、酮类、酯类相对含量升高,醇类、含氮含硫及杂环类相对含量先降低后升高。相对气味活度值(ROAV)分析结果表明,壬醛、癸醛、辛醛、己醛、庚醛、1-辛烯-3-醇和2-戊基呋喃是甲鱼预制菜的关键风味成分,苯甲醛、苯乙醛、(E,E)-2, 4-癸二烯醛对其风味具有重要修饰作用。辐照后辛醛、己醛、1-辛烯-3-醇对甲鱼预制菜总体风味的贡献率降低,庚醛、2-戊基呋喃的贡献率先降低后增加,苯乙醛的贡献率增加并成为关键风味成分。因此,建议采用不超过5 kGy剂量的60Co-γ射线辐照处理甲鱼预制菜,在杀菌的同时最大限度保持其原有风味。本研究结果为辐照技术在甲鱼预制菜杀菌保鲜中的应用提供了科学依据。 相似文献
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电子束辐照对美国红鱼杀菌保鲜效果的研究 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
以美国红鱼为对象,利用不同剂量电子束处理,对冷藏期内鱼肉菌落总数、总挥发性盐基氮（TVB-N）、过氧化值（POV）及鲜度指标K值进行测定,分析不同剂量电子束辐照对美国红鱼肉的杀菌效果及品质影响。结果表明：电子束辐照能有效降低美国红鱼肉的菌落总数,其中D10=161kGy,D=540kGy,冷藏期间辐照组样品菌落生长缓慢,且辐照剂量越大,杀菌效果越强;电子束处理后美国红鱼肉TVB-N值、POV均有不同程度增加,但在冷藏期内对照组TVB-N值、POV、K值的上升速度大于辐照组样品;辐照对美国红鱼肉感官影响不明显,但6kGy辐照组鱼肉色泽略微变红。综合考虑,美国红鱼肉经4kGy 电子束辐照,能有效杀灭其中的微生物,冷藏条件下保质期可达到14d,比对照延长5d左右。 相似文献
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为探明电子束辐照对醉泥螺的杀菌效果及辐照后醉泥螺感官品质与蛋白质营养价值的变化,为生食醉泥螺的辐照保鲜应用提供理论依据。以生食醉泥螺为研究材料,研究不同剂量电子束辐照对醉泥螺菌落总数、感官评分、蛋白质含量及其氨基酸组成的影响,并分析辐照后醉泥螺在冷藏和常温贮藏条件下的货架期变化。结果表明：1）经1～9 kGy剂量电子束辐照,醉泥螺的色泽和形态几乎没有变化,但7、9 kGy剂量组醉泥螺产生异味;2）辐照剂量越高,杀菌效果越好,当醉泥螺的初始菌落总数为1200 cfu/g时,菌落总数降至初始值10%所需的辐照剂量D10为3.46 kGy;3和5 kGy剂量的辐照对醉泥螺的抑菌效果明显,无论是冷藏还是常温贮藏,360 d内菌落总数均未超过5000 cfu/g;3）辐照对醉泥螺蛋白质含量无明显影响(P?0.05),不改变醉泥螺的限制性氨基酸种类,但经1、3、5 kGy辐照后,氨基酸总量、必需氨基酸总量及各必需氨基酸的氨基酸评分增加;4）结合电子束辐照对醉泥螺菌落总数及感官评分的影响,辐照剂量以3 kGy为宜,醉泥螺保质期冷藏条件下由对照组的5个月延长至12个月,常温条件下由对照组的不到1个月延长到3个月。该结果能为电子束辐照保鲜醉泥螺提供依据。 相似文献
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Giroux M Ouattara B Yefsah R Smoragiewicz W Saucier L Lacroix M 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2001,49(2):919-925
The present study was undertaken to evaluate the effect of ascorbic acid concentrations (0.03 to 0.5%) and irradiation doses (0.5 to 4 kGy) on microbial growth, color coordinates (L, a, and b), and sensory characteristics (taste and odor) of beef patties during storage at 4 +/- 1 degrees C. Ascorbic acid was also compared to citric acid at a similar pH value in order to differentiate the effects of ascorbic acid from those of pH reduction. Results showed significant reduction (p< or = 0.05) of aerobic plate counts (APCs) and total coliforms, and a significant interaction (p< or = 0.05) between ascorbic acid and irradiation dose was observed. The irradiation treatment had detrimental effects on redness, yellowness, and hue angle values of meat. However, incorporation of ascorbic acid into the meat before irradiation resulted in significant (p< or = 0.05) stabilization of color parameters. The color improvement obtained with ascorbic acid was not related to the pH reduction. Also, no significant detrimental effect on taste or odor was found in irradiated samples containing ascorbic acid. 相似文献
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以干制海兔为原料,研究辐照对其杀菌效果及营养成分的影响。结果表明：辐照对干制海兔杀菌效果明显,4kGy剂量辐照后,菌落总数由初始的107cfu/g降低到<103cfu/g,霉菌和金黄色葡萄球菌<10cfu/g,大肠菌群<10MPN/100g,辐照前后均未检出沙门氏菌。从统计分析的结果看,虽然辐照组中蛋白质、脂肪及大部分不饱和脂肪酸的含量都显著高于或低于CK中的含量,但和水分、碳水化合物、VA等一样,它们的含量与辐照剂量没有显著的线性关系,即它们的含量不因辐照剂量的增加显著增加或减少;辐照对灰分、氨基酸（除胱氨酸和脯氨酸）及VB2和VB3的含量没有明显的影响,对VE的影响显著,当辐照剂量为2kGy时,VE的含量高于CK中的含量,而剂量继续增大时其含量却不断减少且都低于CK中的含量。 相似文献
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为研究60Co-γ和电子束2种射线的不同剂量对新鲜香菇采后保鲜效果的影响,本试验通过测定鲜香菇的硬度、呼吸强度、电导率、感官品质等指标,筛选2种辐照射线的最优剂量,并对比分析最优辐照处理下香菇细胞的微观结构。结果表明,60Co-γ射线中,2 kGy剂量组香菇硬度降幅为37%,呼吸强度为10.81 mg·kg-1·h-1,相对电导率为0.268%,均小于其他剂量组;电子束射线中,3 kGy剂量组香菇硬度降幅为38%,呼吸强度为10.39 mg·kg-1·h-1,相对电导率为0.241%,均小于其他剂量组。综合感官分析可知, 3 kGy电子束组和2 kGy 60Co-γ射线组香菇的保鲜效果分别优于同类射线其他剂量组。显微分析可知,与2 kGy 60Co-γ射线相比,3 kGy电子束辐照能够较好地保持新鲜香菇的菌丝形态,延缓其进一步降解,从而延长其贮藏期。本研究探索了辐照在香菇保鲜过程中的可行性,为推动电子束辐照技术和60Co-γ辐照技术在香菇保鲜领域的应用提供了可靠的理论依据与技术支持。 相似文献
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Ionizing treatments were applied at 0.5 kGy, 1.5 kGy, and 2.5 kGy to edible mature mushrooms (Agaricus bisporus, albidus) in order to assess the effect of the gamma-irradiation on some biochemical parameters. Irradiation at doses of 1.5 kGy and 2.5 kGy reduced significantly (p < or = 0.05) the rate of respiration of the mushrooms, compared to that of samples irradiated at 0.5 kGy and nonirradiated control samples (C). Ionizing treatments increased significantly (p < or = 0.05) the phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) activity and total phenols concentration between days 1 and 4. From days 3-4, to the end of the storage period (day 12), both PAL activity and total phenols in the irradiated samples (I) collapsed to lower values. In contrast, the activity of polyphenol oxidase (PPO) increased until days 7, 9, and 12 for samples treated at 0.5, 1, and 2 kGy, respectively. Color measurements showed a loss of whiteness (L value) during storage. After day 4, however, the effectiveness of gamma-irradiation became apparent, and highest L values were obtained for I only. 相似文献
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辐照对泡椒凤爪感官品质的影响 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
辐照可以有效的控制泡椒凤爪中的乳酸菌含量,从而延长其货架期。本文根据相关的标准和调研,以色泽及形态（权重30%）、香气（权重30%）、质地及滋味（权重40%）为评价指标,制定了泡椒凤爪的感官分析标准,并用此标准对辐照处理后的泡椒凤爪进行了感官品质分析。结果表明贮藏3d后的3、5、8、12kGy辐照的样品,其感官评价结果与对照相比无显著差异,辐照剂量为10 kGy的样品感官评价结果还显著优于对照组。贮藏11d后,样品的感官品质也未降低。由此得出结论：辐照不会影响泡椒凤爪的感官品质,适当剂量的辐照还有助于提高泡椒凤爪的被接受程度。 相似文献
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为了获得标准化的红薯干辐照灭菌工艺,本试验以γ射线与电子束为不同辐射源,就不同辐照剂量和剂量率对红薯干主要成分、外观品质和贮藏特性的影响开展研究。结果表明,经γ射线≥4 kGy剂量辐照,36℃恒温培养10 d或常温贮存90 d两种方式处理的红薯干;经γ射线≥6 kGy剂量辐照,36℃恒温培养30 d或常温贮存360 d两种方式处理的红薯干,均未检测出微生物。γ射线辐照处理后,红薯干的可溶性固形物、类胡萝卜素含量和感官指标均未发生显著变化。相同剂量下,剂量率越高对红薯干的外观影响越大。电子束剂量率高,辐照处理后的红薯干外观呈黄白色,发生了显著变化。红薯干货架期90 d的辐照灭菌最低有效剂量为4 kGy。本研究结果为红薯干辐照加工工艺的制定提供了依据。 相似文献
20.
Hydrocarbons and 2-alkylcyclobutanones in sesame seeds ( Sesamum indicum L.) irradiated at 0.5-4 kGy were used to determine the effect of subsequent steaming, roasting, and oil extraction from the roasted samples on the changes in their concentrations. The concentrations of radiation-induced hydrocarbons increased almost linearly (R(2) = 0.8671-0.9953) with the applied dose. The hydrocarbons, 1,7-hexadecadiene and 8-heptadecene, were detected only in the irradiated samples before and after three types of treatments at doses > or =0.5 kGy, but they were not detected in non-irradiated samples before and after treatment. These two hydrocarbons could be used as markers to identify irradiated sesame seeds. The concentrations of the three detected 2-alkylcyclobutanones, 2-dodecylcyclobutanone (2-DCB), 2-tetradecylcyclobutanone (2-TCB), and 2-(5'-tetradecenyl)cyclobutanone (2-TeCB), linearly increased with the irradiation dose. These compounds could be detected at doses > or =0.5 kGy but not in non-irradiated samples. The three types of treatments had no significant effect on the levels of 2-alkylcyclobutanones. 相似文献