共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
Several experiments were conducted with tropical tree and liana seedlings in which transpiration ratio and leaf phosphorus to carbon ratio (P:C) were measured. Transpiration ratio was expressed as kg H(2)O transpired g(-1) C incorporated into plant biomass, and leaf P:C as mg P g(-1) C. Leaf P:C was positively correlated with transpiration ratio across 19 species for plants grown under similar conditions (R(2)?=?0.35, P?相似文献
2.
《Fitoterapia》2013
Malabar glory lily (Gloriosa superba L.) is a medicinally potent plant species used for the production of alkaloid colchicine. With ever increasing demand, there is a pressing need to conserve it through biotechnological approaches. A large number of complete plantlets were obtained by direct regeneration from the non-dormant tuber explants on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with 2.0 mg/l 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) + 0.5 mg/l α-naphthalene acetic acid (NAA). Large number of plants can be produced in vitro under aseptic conditions, but there is always a danger of producing somaclonal variants by tissue culture technology. Thus, the genetic stability of micropropagated clones was evaluated using random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and inter simple sequence repeat (ISSR) analysis. During the study a total of 80 (50 RAPD and 30 ISSR) primers were screened, out of which 10 RAPD and 7 ISSR primers produced a total of 98 (49 RAPD and 49 ISSR) clear, distinct and reproducible amplicons. The amplification products of the regenerated plants showed similar banding patterns to that of the mother plant thus demonstrating the homogeneity of the micropropagated plants. This is the first report that evaluates the use of genetic markers to establish genetic fidelity of micropropagated G. superba using RAPD and ISSR, which can be successfully applied for the mass multiplication, germplasm conservation and further genetic transformation assays for colchicine production to meet the ever increasing demand of this medicinally potent plant for industrial and pharmaceutical uses. 相似文献
3.
匈牙利刺槐(Robinia pseudoacacia L.)改良的繁殖方法(英文) 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1
在匈牙利,匈牙利刺槐(Robinia pseudoacacia L.)是重要的成林树种之一,且该树种的重要性在世界其它国家也日益增加。该树种的生产通常有两种方法:种子和根插条。组织培养对该种来说是一种相对较新的方法。对于在各种环境条件下大规模地生产苗木来说,种子栽培是相对简单的方法,机械化方法比较容易且生产成本相对较低。根插条和组织培养对于优势个体或品种繁殖是有价值的。利用这些方法,所选出的树木的优势品质可以在无性系得以保存。近期实验表明,微繁殖树木可以成功地移植到土壤中,在野外生长。 相似文献
4.
A micropropagation protocol was established for a medicinal plant Vitex negundo. Genetic stability of micropropagated plants was investigated. Multiple shoots were induced from nodal explants cultured on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium with 0.53 μM naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) and 11.0 μM benzyl aminopurine (BAP) along with additives (ascorbic acid, 283.9 μM; citric acid, 130.1 μM; and arginine, 143.6 μM). Shoots were further multiplied by repeated transfer of the mother explant. The shoots were further multiplied on MS medium + 0.57 μM indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) and 6.6 μM BAP. The micropropagated shoots were pulse treated with 122.5 μM indole-3-butyric acid (IBA), in liquid MS medium and then transferred to autoclaved soilrite. These rooted ex vitro. Shoots were also rooted in vitro on a half-strength MS medium + 2.45 μM IBA. The survival rate of in vitro rooted plantlets was poor during hardening compared to ex vitro rooted plantlets. About 95% of the ex vitro rooted, hardened plantlets survived in the field. Genetic stability of micropropagated plants was tested by using 25 random amplified polymorphic DNA primers. The cloned plants exhibited no variation in banding pattern in comparison with the mother plant. 相似文献
5.
Field trials at three locations were used to evaluate survival and early growth of Paulownia elongata, P. fortunei, and P. × 'Henan 1' plants produced from seeds, shoot cuttings, and micropropagated shoots. One year after field establishment, trees produced by either vegetative propagation method survived with higher frequency and were taller and of greater diameter breast height than trees grown from seed. The influence of propagation method was more pronounced in P. elongata and P. fortunei than in P. × 'Henan 1'. Survival frequency was similar for each species/hybrid, but both species were taller than P. × 'Henan 1' across propagation method and site. Field site had a pronounced influence on tree survival and height. Species/hybrid differences were not detected at the site that promoted the greatest tree growth, but P. elongata outperformed P. fortunei and P. × 'Henan 1' at the two sub-optimal sites. Clones within species/hybrid produced through micropropagation differed in survival frequency, height, and diameter breast height. Under the conditions used for this study, Paulownia field survival and early growth in central North Carolina was improved by using P. elongata or P. fortunei produced by rooting shoot cuttings or micropropagated shoots. Significant variation among clones within these species demonstrated the potential benefit of identifying superior clones to improve first year field survival and growth. 相似文献
6.
Experiments focused on improving methods for rooting micropropagated Paulownia elongata shoots and enhancing the quality of plants grown from rooted shoots transferred to the greenhouse. Micropropagated shoots rooted on basal Murashige and Skoog medium, but inclusion of 0.2 mg/l naphthaleneacetic acid and 0.4 mg/l indole-3-butyric acid during a 10-day rooting treatment resulted in a shorter rooting time, a greater number of roots per shoot, and shorter roots that were more easily manipulated during transfer to the greenhouse. Shoots with a greater initial height had greater rooting success than short shoots. Shoots from 1.1 to 2.0 cm in height were preferable to taller shoots because: (1) less time is required to produce them, (2) their smaller leaf size makes them easier to handle, (3) they root with about the same frequency, (4) rooted shoots are more easily transferred to the greenhouse, and (5) once in the greenhouse they attain a height that is indistinguishable from shoots that were classified as very tall at the start of the rooting process. Inclusion of sucrose in the rooting medium promoted rooting as compared to shoots rooted without sucrose. Of the fertilizer treatments applied to plants newly transferred to the greenhouse, 17-17-17 (N-P-K) and 0-44-0 each applied at 1 g/l with each watering resulted in the highest portion of plant fresh mass allocated to roots (49%). 相似文献
7.
Black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia L.) is one of the most important stand-forming tree species in Hungary and its importance is increasing in many countries.
Black locust plants are commonly produced by two methods, by seed and by root cuttings. Tissue culture propagation can be
considered as a relatively new method. Growing trees from seed is a relatively simple method for reliably producing seedlings
on a large scale under a variety of circumstances. Mechanization of the method is easy and the production cost is relatively
low. Propagation from root cuttings and tissue culture are valuable for reproduction of superior individuals or varieties.
By applying these methods, superior traits of the selected trees can be preserved in the clones. Recent experiments demonstrated
that micropropagated trees could be successfully transplanted into soil, hardened and grown in the field.
Biography: Karoly Redei (1952), male, doctor, deputy director general of Hungarian Forest Research Institute H-1023 Budapest, Frankel
Leó Str. 42 44, HUNGARY.
Responsible editor: Chal Ruihai 相似文献
8.
To accelerate the breeding and selection of Pinus densiflora Siebold and Zucc. resistance to pine wilt disease, a micropropagation system was established and nematode resistance evaluated in vitro. Cotyledon-hypocotyl explants from 28-day-old seedlings were first cultured on Gresshoff and Doy medium supplemented with 4.0 mg L-1 6-benzyladenine and 0.2 mg L-1 a-naphthaleneacetic acid(NAA) to stimulate the formation of buds. Induced buds were subsequently subcultured on Gupta and Durzan medium supplemented with 0.1%(w/v)activated charcoal for elongation. Stem sections derived from shoots were used as explants for the further multiplication. Roots were formed from shoots transferred to woody plant medium containing 0.2 mg L-1 NAA for4 weeks. The nematode resistance test showed that symptoms in micropropagated shoots after infection with pine wood nematode(PWN) were similar to those in plants infected in the field. The wilting rate varied from 20 to100% among different clones 18 days after inoculation.The most susceptible clone was Clone 6-4 with a 100%wilting rate, while Clone 8-4 showed a relatively high resistance with a 20% wilting rate. The number of nematodes recovered from Clone 8-4 shoots was significantly lower(P = 0.05) than from Clones 5-10 and 16-4. This work contributes to the breeding of PWN resistance in P.densiflora. 相似文献
9.
Welander M 《Tree physiology》1995,15(1):11-18
Differences in rooting ability of birch (Betula pubescens J.F. Ehrh.) cuttings were observed as a result of differences in genotype and physiology of the stock plants. The uniformity in response among cuttings from micropropagated plants compared with cuttings from seed plants confirmed the advantage of using micropropagated plants to study environmental effects. Shoot morphology of the seed stock plants was influenced by both photoperiod and thermoperiod. A day/night temperature of 15/25 degrees C reduced stem elongation compared with a day/night temperature of 25/15 degrees C regardless of photoperiod, and a continuous light regime resulted in more shoots per plant in both temperature regimes than a 16-h photoperiod. A reduction in the supply of macronutrients did not influence shoot morphology, but increased rooting substantially and seemed to override the effects of environmental factors. In cuttings of seed plants, the highest rooting percentage and number of roots were obtained in a 16-h photoperiod with a day/night temperature of 15/25 degrees C. In micropropagated stock plants, there was a positive correlation between shoot length and number of leaves per shoot and topographical distribution of light within the plants, but there was no correlation between these parameters and rooting ability of the cuttings. A rooting temperature of 16 degrees C delayed the rate of root production compared with the rate at higher temperatures, but the final rooting percentage was the same over the range from 16 to 28 degrees C. Root branching increased with temperature. At all temperatures, there was a large increase in sucrose content at the base of the cuttings during rooting, whereas the concentration of nontranslocated sugars remained constant. The carbohydrate content at the base of cuttings from micropropagated stock plants was three times higher than at the base of cuttings from seed stock plants, but the higher carbohydrate content was not correlated with a higher rooting potential. 相似文献
10.
紫皮紫肉马铃薯品种紫罗兰以A98S001为母本、以克新2号为父本杂交优选而成的杂交品种,是富含微量元素及花青素而具有天然保健作用的特用马铃薯品种,生育期90～120d,薯形长椭圆形,芽眼浅,表皮光滑。单薯重120～250g,最大单薯480g以上,商品率75％以上。株高60cm左右,主茎发达,茎秆颜色紫色,叶为复叶,叶色淡紫色,植株较抗早疫病及晚疫病。中晚熟品种。营养成份含量：淀粉含量（鲜基）含量10．30％;VC含量456．22mg／kg鲜薯;干物质含量17．52％,抗PVX及PVY病毒。亩产量1843．22kg／667m^2。 相似文献
11.
The value of eucalyptus oil for medicinal purposes is based largely on its cineole content, and the prime commercial species for pharmaceutical grade eucalyptus oil is Eucalyptus polybractea (blue mallee). This study applies a recently developed micropropagation protocol to selected elite oil yielding blue mallee seedlings and investigates the potential of a trial plantation based on micropropagated clones to increase cineole yields. The study aims to assess two micropropagated clones of blue mallee for growth and key essential oil traits in comparison to two related half-sibling families, and to assess consistency for oil traits within clones. After 23 months growth in a plantation, all ramets from the micropropagated clones appeared healthy and showed similar growth forms to the half-sibling saplings at the time of harvest. Total above ground biomass was significantly greater in the half-sibling families compared to their relative clones. Nevertheless, the foliar essential oil concentration and the proportion of the total oil as cineole was greatest in the clones compared to their related half-sibling families, reflecting the oil traits of the ortets. The oil composition profiles were very consistent within clones. This was particularly evident for cineole which had the remarkably narrow ranges of 90–92% in one clone and 92–94% in the other, suggesting strong genetic control of essential oil composition. Overall, the results suggest that micropropagation has great potential for the establishment of blue mallee plantations using genotypes selected for key oil traits. The application of the micropropagation protocol to older plants of blue mallee (for which both key oil and biomass traits are known) is likely to produce greater selection gains for cineole yield. 相似文献
12.
轻馏分生物油催化酯化脱水提质研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
为了得到稳定的含氧液体燃料及较好分离糖类及其衍生物,以Amberlyst-36离子交换树脂为催化剂在100℃下对粗生物油进行酯化脱水提质工艺优化,考察了反应时间、催化剂用量以及正丁醇和生物油质量比(醇油比)对提质的影响,得到最佳提质条件为醇油比1.5∶1.0、15%的催化剂用量、反应时间4 h,此条件下提质油酸值从72.23 mg/g降为3.98 mg/g,水分从53.06%降为3.34%,热值由8.75 MJ/kg升高至31.50 MJ/kg。GC-MS分析显示生物油中不稳定酸、醛、酮转化为稳定含氧化合物,稳定目标产物酯、醇、醚GC含量占74.70%。接着进行老化实验,保存3个月,粗生物油黏度从3.21 mm2/s增加到48.24 mm2/s,极不稳定,提质油理化性质显著提高并保持稳定。最后将20.00 g提质油、30.00 g蒸馏水和30.00 g二氯甲烷进行充分混合,萃取分液,可以基本将糖类及其衍生物从提质油中分离出来,得到粗糖质量为1.24 g,糖类物质总GC含量为87.92%,其中丁基-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷占到75.28%。 相似文献
13.
利用ISSR分子标记检测欧李不同品种间的差异 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
本实验利用ISSR分子标记手段对8个欧李品种的遗传变异进行研究,全面系统地探讨不同品种欧李的遗传变异、遗传相关和遗传结构等,在分子水平上为欧李品种的划分提供理论依据。根据聚类分析,来自北京地区的怀柔-喇叭沟门、怀柔-汤河口和延庆千家店3个品种,山西农大培育的农大3号、农大4号及农大5号与唐山聚为一大类,其中农大4号和5号与怀柔-喇叭沟门遗传相似度较大,农大3号与怀柔-汤河口、延庆千家店遗传相似度较大。此外,唐山在地理位置上与北京地区比邻,因此可能造成遗传距离较近。实验推测农大3、4、5号品种的原产地可能来自北京地区,但还有待于进一步证实;而山东黄山店相对独立。黄山店与北京相距较远。造成了不同程度的地理隔离,降低了品种间的基因流动,使得品种间产生一定的遗传分化,最终导致黄山店品种与其他品种差异较大。本实验得到的结果补充了国内对欧李研究之不足,为欧李优良品种的早期选择提供理论依据;同时也为欧李的商业化种植提供了一个有价值的参考。 相似文献
14.
Synthetic seed technology is an emerging and broadly used technique in the field of plant biotechnology to conserve economically important plants. In the present study, nodal segments of Capparis decidua were entrapped in calcium alginate gel matrix to produce firm and uniform synthetic seeds. 3% sodium alginate and 75 mM calcium chloride were found best for encapsulation. Among all the concentrations and combinations of thidiazuron (TDZ) either singly or with indole -3- acetic acid (IAA) augmented in Murashige and Skoog medium used, TDZ (5.0 µM) + IAA (0.5 µM) was found most effective in conversion of synthetic seeds into plantlets as 79% plantlets were developed on this combination with 13.2 ± 0.87 shoots and 5.5 ± 0.40 cm shoot length after 8 weeks of culture. Further, synthetic seeds stored at low temperature (4 °C) can retain their viability up to 4 weeks and showed maximum conversion rate (93%) into plantlets, when placed back to regeneration medium. Root formation was also occurred in the same regeneration medium and roots were healthy. Plantlets were successfully hardened in culture room in plastic cups filled with sterile vermiculite and after 4 weeks, they were transferred to greenhouse where they exhibited normal growth with 80% survival. Growth parameters were evaluated in micropropagated plants and compared with the seedlings of same age. Effect of different days of acclimatization were also recorded on various physio-biochemical activities and showed a positive response that can be interpreted as better protection mechanism of micropropagated plants against the stress possibly generated due to reactive oxygen species when transferred to ex vitro environment. 相似文献
15.
Michael Demchik Jason Fischbach Anthony Kern James Lane Brent McCown Eric Zeldin Keith Turnquist 《Agroforestry Systems》2014,88(3):449-459
Development of perennial oilseed crops for the Lakes States region of the United States would provide another crop opportunity for farmers, while improving ecosystem services from agricultural lands. In order to effectively select hazelnut (Corylus americana Marsh.) genotypes from existing wild populations, we needed to know at least three parameters: (1) measures for indirect assessment of yield, (2) between and within population genetic variability, (3) fatty acid characteristics of the nuts. American hazelnut populations at 21 sites were screened for high-yielding plants. Yield component analysis was used to determine the relationship of specific component of yield (nut clusters/m2, nuts/cluster, mass in-shell/nut, mass of nutmeat/mass in-shell) to yield of nutmeat/m2. Nut clusters/m2 explained the majority of the variation in yield of nutmeat/m2. Ten microsatellite loci were used to determine the within and between population variation. The majority of the variance was between individuals within populations. Fatty acid profiles were determined for a subset of high-producing plants. Hazelnut oil is predominantly oleic acid. The fatty acid profiles do not vary greatly between individual plants, although linoleic acid is the most open to selection. 相似文献
16.
Various in vitro cultures were established from shoot tips of Ocimum americanum seedlings. Rosmarinic acid content of the in vitro produced plants as well as parent plant were determined by HPLC analysis and subjected to RAPD analysis. MS medium with BA at a concentration of 1 mg/l and 0.25 mg/l IAA supports maximum rosmarinic acid production in plants produced from cultures grown on that medium. RAPD analysis revealed 64 scorable bands from four primers, including six polymorphic bands. The band pattern revealed differences between the parent plant and the in vitro regenerated plants. Certain band changes were found in O. americanum plants regenerated in vitro, suggesting the existence of genetic variation that might affect the biochemical synthesis of plants derived from tissue culture. 相似文献
17.
Lee Seok Woo Yang Byeong Hoon Han Sang Don Song Jung Ho Lee Jung Joo 《Annals of Forest Science》2008,65(3):302-302
Abies nephrolepis Max. is a fir species occurring in Northeast China, the extreme southeast of Russia and Korea. In Korea, A. nephrolepis is one of only three native fir species growing in high, mountainous areas with a disjunct distribution. We investigated genetic variation in A. nephrolepis by examining 24 ISSR polymorphic loci in 248 individuals representing eight natural populations in Korea. The level of intra-population genetic diversity (H e = 0.240) was similar to or slightly lower than that of plants with similar ecological traits and life history. Most of the genetic diversity was allocated among individuals within populations (G ST = 0.082, ΦST = 0.041) and the number of migrants per generation (N m ) was 5.56. Nei’s genetic distances were small (D = 0.027) and unrelated to geographic distances between populations. Implications for the conservation of genetic variation in A. nephrolepis in South Korea were discussed. 相似文献
18.
An efficient method for cultivation of Vitex negundo L. through axillary shoot (collected from micropropagated plants) proliferation has been successfully developed, which can be employed at a commercial scale. Axillary shoot induction was most successful using nodal explants for propagation on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with various concentrations of single cytokinin or in various combination with auxins. We obtained the maximum percentage (97.6 ± 1.45) response with highest number (16.4 ± 0.60) of shoots per explant on MS medium supplemented with 6-benzyladenine (BA) and ??-naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) at concentrations of 5.0 and 0.5 ??M, respectively. Shoot regeneration frequency was optimized by manipulating pH and using various media. MS medium and pH 5.8 was found to be the optimum for maximum regeneration. Nodal explants from in vitro regenerated microshoots too developed shoots, thus making the process recurrent. Shootlets with 4?C5 nodes were utilized for in vitro rooting, and best response was evaluated on MS medium supplemented with 1.0 ??M indole-3-butyric acid (IBA). The well-developed micropropagated plants were acclimatized (97%) successfully within 2 weeks in soilrite and planted ex vitro in normal garden soil, where they grew well without any morphological and genetic variations. The present regeneration process not only favoured the rapid multiplication but also expressed the regeneration capability of micropropagated plants. 相似文献
19.
To date only one species of the genus Vatica Linn.(Dipterocarpaceae) has been identified, and a subspecies and three varieties have been reported on Hainan Island, China. However, it remained controversial whether the species was Vatica mangachapoi or a new species Vatica hainanensis, and whether the subspecies or varieties are taxonomically valid. We evaluated here morphometric variations of 133 trees collected from nine populations and herbarium specimens of Vatica spp. using 16 traits of leaf and fruit. Among these, leaf traits varied more within and among populations than did fruit traits. Four traits of ratios were more stable than directly-measured traits within and among populations. The ranges of lamina length, lamina width and height of maximum lamina width point were the greatest among the 16 traits, while number of lateral veins varied least among the 12 directly-measured traits. Measurements from all 9 populations overlapped for each morphological trait, and variation of each trait was continuous among both individuals and populations. The range of variation did not distinguish any specimen from V mangachapoi as described in the flora of Southeast Asia By cluster analysis, individuals of each population as wel as specimens of each variety formed no distinct clusters The published varieties thus were characterized by no distinguishing variations in comparison with the nine sampled populations. In conclusion, the new species V hainanensis as well as the subspecies and varieties were not supported by our comparisons, and only V. man gachapoi without any subspecies or varieties occurs on Hainan Island, China. 相似文献
20.
Vegetative propagation techniques are recognized as indispensable tools for mass multiplication of important multipurpose
trees adopted in different agroforestry systems. Albizia procera, one among important species, is difficult to propagate commercially either by stem / root cuttings or layering. A study
was undertaken to develop procedure for its in vitro regeneration through organogenesis. Explants collected from 15±2 yr-old mature plus trees and from 15 days old juvenile seedlings
were regenerated with exogenous application of different hormones. Epicotyl and hypocotyl explants excised from juvenile seedlings
showed higher callusing than axillary bud and shoot tip explants derived from mature trees. Benzylaminopurine (BA) at 3 μg/l
was most effective, which induced hundred percent callusing in epicotyl and hypocotyl explants in 1/2 Murashige and Skoog
(MS) medium. Callus originated from axillary buds and apical shoot tips of mature trees failed to form organs, however callus
derived from epicotyl and hypocotyl explants proliferated and formed de novo shoots and leaflets. A concentration of 3 μg/l of BA was found effective for shoot proliferation. Shoots grew vigorously
in 2 μg/l gibberellic acid (GA3) treatment and rooted in 1/2 MS medium supplemented with indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) and indole-3-acetic acid (IAA). Rooting
was most successful on medium supplemented with 6 μg/l IBA alone on which 93.3% of the shoots formed roots. Sand or vermiculite
supplemented with 4 ml of yoshida solution proved as best hardening media, which recorded 70-80% survival of plantlets. One
year old tissue culture raised plants had comparatively more height, collar diameter, biomass, and root shoot ratio than plants
raised from cuttings and seeds of the same age. The procedures enumerated provide a basis for the development of in vitro techniques for rapid multiplication of A. procera.
This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献