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The Rho family of small guanosine triphosphatases regulates actin cytoskeleton dynamics that underlie cellular functions such as cell shape changes, migration, and polarity. We found that Smurf1, a HECT domain E3 ubiquitin ligase, regulated cell polarity and protrusive activity and was required to maintain the transformed morphology and motility of a tumor cell. Atypical protein kinase C zeta (PKCzeta), an effector of the Cdc42/Rac1-PAR6 polarity complex, recruited Smurf1 to cellular protrusions, where it controlled the local level of RhoA. Smurf1 thus links the polarity complex to degradation of RhoA in lamellipodia and filopodia to prevent RhoA signaling during dynamic membrane movements.  相似文献   

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A general caging method for proteins that are regulated by phosphorylation was used to study the in vivo biochemical action of cofilin and the subsequent cellular response. By acute and local activation of a chemically engineered, light-sensitive phosphocofilin mimic, we demonstrate that cofilin polymerizes actin, generates protrusions, and determines the direction of cell migration. We propose a role for cofilin that is distinct from its role as an actin-depolymerizing factor.  相似文献   

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Cell-cell fusion is fundamental to the development and physiology of multicellular organisms, but little is known of its mechanistic underpinnings. Recent studies have revealed that many proteins involved in cell-cell fusion are also required for seemingly unrelated cellular processes such as phagocytosis, cell migration, axon growth, and synaptogenesis. We review advances in understanding cell-cell fusion by contrasting it with virus-cell and intracellular vesicle fusion. We also consider how proteins involved in general aspects of membrane dynamics have been co-opted to control fusion of diverse cell types by coupling with specialized proteins involved in cell-cell recognition, adhesion, and signaling.  相似文献   

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Signal transduction by the platelet-derived growth factor receptor   总被引:81,自引:0,他引:81  
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采后黄瓜是冷敏性果菜类蔬菜,在低温贮藏时易发生冷害。前期研究结果表明,冷驯化处理通过诱导采后黄瓜耐冷性,减少冷害发生。为探究冷驯化处理诱导的转录组学变化,以采后黄瓜为试材,分析冷驯化处理期间的转录组变化。与贮藏前(0 h)相比,在冷驯化处理12 h和72 h时,分别鉴定到1 870和3 550个差异表达基因。基因表达验证结果表明,RT-qPCR和转录组结果高度一致,证明转录组测序数据的准确性和可靠性。GO富集分析结果显示,冷驯化处理诱导的差异表达基因主要富集在氧化还原过程、细胞膜组分和转录因子活性3个GO途径中,表明冷驯化处理通过调节细胞膜组分、细胞内氧化还原状态,增强冷藏黄瓜耐冷性。进一步分析发现,104个转录因子基因响应冷驯化低温,差异表达的转录因子主要是ERF、bZIP、WRKY和HSF家族,表明转录因子介导的转录调控在冷驯化诱导的耐冷性中发挥重要作用。研究结果为采后黄瓜诱导耐冷性提供了新见解,有助于加深对冷驯化诱导耐冷性分子机理的认识,为耐冷黄瓜培育提供了重要基因资源。  相似文献   

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Transcription of class III genes: formation of preinitiation complexes   总被引:125,自引:0,他引:125  
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Regulation of aging and age-related disease by DAF-16 and heat-shock factor   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
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