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1.
研究了干露胁迫0.5、1、3 h对日本囊对虾(Marsupenaeus japonicus)肝胰腺呼吸代谢酶活性和肌肉RNA/DNA比值的影响。结果显示,与对照组相比,干露胁迫0.5 h和1 h对肝胰腺细胞色素氧化酶(CCO)、琥珀酸脱氢酶(SDH)、延胡索酸还原酶(FRD)和乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)活性无影响;干露胁迫3 h,CCO和SDH活性显著降低(P0.05),而FRD和LDH活性显著升高(P0.05)。入水恢复24 h,3个试验组CCO、SDH和FRD活性逐渐恢复至对照组水平,而干露胁迫3 h试验组LDH活性仍显著高于对照组(P0.05)。干露胁迫0.5 h对肌肉RNA/DNA比值无显著性影响(P0.05),而干露胁迫1 h和3 h RNA/DNA比值显著降低(P0.05),入水24 h时均可恢复至对照组水平。研究表明,干露胁迫对日本囊对虾呼吸代谢酶和RNA/DNA比值有显著影响,会降低其生理代谢能力,但机体在胁迫3 h内具有自我恢复能力;CCO、SDH、FRD和LDH可以作为其应答干露胁迫的监测指标。 相似文献
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为了研究离水干露对脊尾白虾(Exopalaemon carinicauda)呼吸代谢能力的影响,以常温干露(22-24℃)、低温干露(4℃)2个实验组和1个对照组进行脊尾白虾干露胁迫实验,于胁迫后60、90、120、180 min取组织,测定琥珀酸脱氢酶(SDH)、细胞色素氧化酶(CCO)、延胡索酸还原酶(FRD)、乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)4种呼吸代谢酶活力和乳酸含量.结果显示,常温干露组肝胰腺、鳃、肌肉SDH和CCO活力随干露时间的延长而降低,且显著低于对照组(P＜0.05);FRD、LDH活力和肌肉乳酸含量随胁迫时间的延长呈先升高后降低趋势,且显著高于对照组(P＜0.05).低温干露组在胁迫60 min时,各组织呼吸代谢酶活力和肌肉乳酸含量与对照组无显著差异(P＞0.05),之后的变化趋势和常温干露组相同.常温干露组和低温干露组中肝胰腺和鳃SDH/FRD比值的变化幅度大于肌肉.研究表明,脊尾白虾通过提高无氧代谢来应对干露胁迫;低温干露下的脊尾白虾在胁迫早期可以维持有氧呼吸,肝胰腺和鳃比肌肉对干露胁迫更加敏感. 相似文献
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《渔业科学进展》2017,(4)
为了研究离水干露对脊尾白虾(Exopalaemon carinicauda)呼吸代谢能力的影响,以常温干露(22–24℃)、低温干露(4℃)2个实验组和1个对照组进行脊尾白虾干露胁迫实验,于胁迫后60、90、120、180 min取组织,测定琥珀酸脱氢酶(SDH)、细胞色素氧化酶(CCO)、延胡索酸还原酶(FRD)、乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)4种呼吸代谢酶活力和乳酸含量。结果显示,常温干露组肝胰腺、鳃、肌肉SDH和CCO活力随干露时间的延长而降低,且显著低于对照组(P0.05);FRD、LDH活力和肌肉乳酸含量随胁迫时间的延长呈先升高后降低趋势,且显著高于对照组(P0.05)。低温干露组在胁迫60 min时,各组织呼吸代谢酶活力和肌肉乳酸含量与对照组无显著差异(P0.05),之后的变化趋势和常温干露组相同。常温干露组和低温干露组中肝胰腺和鳃SDH/FRD比值的变化幅度大于肌肉。研究表明,脊尾白虾通过提高无氧代谢来应对干露胁迫;低温干露下的脊尾白虾在胁迫早期可以维持有氧呼吸,肝胰腺和鳃比肌肉对干露胁迫更加敏感。 相似文献
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在15、18、21、24、27、30℃水温下,分别制备仿刺参福建连江群体和辽宁大连群体的体腔和内脏团提取液,测定超氧化物歧化酶、过氧化氢酶、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶、乳酸脱氢酶、碱性磷酸酶活力及丙二醛含量。试验结果显示,仿刺参连江群体内脏团提取液超氧化物歧化酶、过氧化氢酶、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶和乳酸脱氢酶活力最大时的水温比大连群体分别提高了3~9℃;高温(24、27、30℃)胁迫下,连江群体体腔和内脏团提取液超氧化物歧化酶、过氧化氢酶、乳酸脱氢酶活力均极显著高于大连群体(P0.01),其内脏团提取液谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶活力亦极显著高于大连群体(P0.01),其体腔液谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶活力在24℃和30℃时极显著高于大连群体(P0.01);仿刺参连江群体和大连群体体腔液碱性磷酸酶活性均在15℃时最大,内脏团提取液的碱性磷酸酶活性则均在18℃时最大;连江群体仿刺参体腔和内脏团提取液丙二醛含量在18~30℃下均显著低于大连群体(P0.05,P0.01)。研究表明,福建连江夏季高温驯化的仿刺参子二代群体,在高温胁迫试验中,其体腔和内脏团提取液中超氧化物歧化酶、过氧化氢酶、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶、乳酸脱氢酶、碱性磷酸酶活力显著高于大连群体,丙二醛含量则显著低于大连群体,这些酶耐热性的提高,有利于仿刺参机体清除因高温胁迫产生多余的自由基,减少机体因高温胁迫造成的损害。 相似文献
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为探讨云纹石斑鱼(Epinephelus moara)肝脏代谢酶活力对盐度骤降的响应,设置27(对照组)、21、15、9共4个盐度梯度对云纹石斑鱼进行盐度骤降胁迫实验。分别在0、1、2、3、7 d时取样,测定其肝脏中酸性磷酸酶(ACP)、碱性磷酸酶(AKP)、谷丙转氨酶(GPT)、谷草转氨酶(GOT)以及乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)活力。结果显示,ACP活力盐度21组先波动变化后恢复正常水平,盐度15组先下降后升高,随后第7天下降恢复正常水平;AKP活力盐度21组和盐度15组先呈下降趋势,第3天大幅度升高;GPT与LDH活力盐度21组和盐度15组基本呈现先下降再上升并波动的变化趋势;GOT活力变化趋势盐度21组先升后降,盐度15组先降后波动。研究表明:在盐度27骤降至21或15,均会使云纹石斑鱼产生应激反应,磷酸酶、转氨酶与乳酸脱氢酶活力初期均会受到抑制,随时间延长可以得到恢复;而当盐度从27骤降至9,3 d时实验鱼全部死亡。 相似文献
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为了探究不同盐度胁迫下大竹蛏(Solen grandis Dunker)稚贝的生理状态和存活情况,了解其在不同盐度环境下养殖的可能性,研究了在7个盐度梯度下不同时间大竹蛏稚贝存活率以及抗氧化酶活力。结果表明:1)盐度为10的试验组24 h出现死亡,存活率为(94.74±5.27)%,96 h全部死亡;盐度为16试验组96 h存活率为(86.67±3.34)%;盐度为22、28以及34试验组,96 h全部存活;盐度为40试验组96 h出现死亡,存活率为(76.67±8.81)%;盐度为46试验组12 h出现死亡,存活率为(80.95±10.91)%,24 h全部死亡。可见大竹蛏的适宜盐度范围为22~34。2)大竹蛏不同组织中SOD和CAT活性以肝胰腺最高,外套膜次之,鳃最低。盐度为28的试验组CAT、SOD活性趋于平缓,变化起伏小;盐度为16试验组CAT活性在6 h出现峰值,SOD活性波动振幅大,96 h时仍维持在较高水平;盐度为40试验组,CAT、SOD活性在3 h时出现升高,至96 h时低于初始水平。 相似文献
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在实验室条件下,研究了盐度、温度、充气对大竹蛏排遗速率和含沙率的影响。温度试验设10、15、20、25、30℃共5个梯度,大竹蛏壳长为(9.0±0.3)cm;盐度试验设0、10、15、20、25、30共6个梯度,大竹蛏壳长为(9.2±0.2)cm。结果表明:在盐度为25的天然海水中,10、15、20、25℃温度组的大竹蛏均能正常排遗,12h内排遗速率以20℃时最高,平均为(0.27±0.01)mg/(g·h),30℃组8 h全部死亡;在20℃条件下,15、20、25、30盐度组大竹蛏均能正常排遗,12 h内排遗速率以盐度为25时最大,平均为(0.28±0.03)mg/(g·h),自来水组大竹蛏2h时全部死亡,10盐度组10 h时全部死亡;不充气条件下的排遗速率大于充气条件下的排遗速率;大竹蛏排遗速率在最初2h内最快,之后随时间的推移基本呈指数递减;各种温度、盐度、充气和不充气条件下,大竹蛏净化8h后均口感无沙。 相似文献
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为阐明盐度胁迫对大鳞鲃(Luciobarbus capito)肝、肾和鳃组织抗氧化系统及血清皮质醇的影响,本研究设置4个NaCl盐度组(3、6、9和12 g/L)和1个淡水对照组,检测分析了不同盐度胁迫下曝露3、6、12、24、48、96 h和7 d大鳞鲃肝、肾和鳃组织中酸性磷酸酶(ACP)、碱性磷酸酶(AKP)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)的活性和丙二醛(MDA)含量的变化,以及血清中皮质醇浓度的变化。结果显示,在相同盐度胁迫下,大鳞鲃的肝、肾和鳃组织中ACP、AKP、GSH-Px抗氧化酶的活力、MDA含量以及血清皮质醇含量随胁迫时间的延长均呈先上升后下降、随后趋于稳定的变化趋势,在胁迫开始24 h内各指标达到峰值,并在48 h开始逐渐趋于平稳;胁迫初期,相同曝露时间,大鳞鲃的肝、肾和鳃组织中3种抗氧化酶活力、MDA含量及血清皮质醇含量均与盐度呈显著正相关性。大鳞鲃在盐度胁迫过程中,ACP、AKP活力和MDA含量在肾组织的范围分别为1.42~2.15 U/g prot、1.01~1.87金氏单位/g prot和13.05~57.27 nmol/mg prot;肝组织中分别为1.27~1.96 U/g prot、0.31~0.86金氏单位/g prot和17.02~55.98 nmol/mg prot;鳃组织则为0.98~1.96 U/g prot、0.13~0.84金氏单位/g prot和8.33~53.93 nmol/mg prot,肾组织中ACP、AKP活力和MDA含量均高于肝、鳃组织;而GSH-Px的活力在肝、肾和鳃组织的范围分别为44.41~114.77、16.52~67.59和9.07~48.00活力单位,肝组织中GSH-Px活力显著高于肾和鳃组织。此外,血清皮质醇在盐度胁迫过程中的含量变化范围为197.00~355.50 ng/L。综上所述,在12 g/L的高盐胁迫下大鳞鲃通过自身调节,各项指标仍可恢复正常,表明其对盐度环境有较强的适应能力。 相似文献
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盐度对三疣梭子蟹成熟前后呼吸代谢的影响 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
为了探讨三疣梭子蟹对不同盐度水平的生理响应以及成熟前后的生理变化,实验采用水化学和酶学方法,研究了盐度(15、20、25、30和35)对成熟前后三疣梭子蟹耗氧率、排氨率、氧氮比(O∶N)以及己糖激酶(HK)、丙酮酸激酶(PK)、琥珀酸脱氢酶(SDH)和乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)4种呼吸代谢酶活力的影响。结果发现:1.盐度与规格的交互作用对三疣梭子蟹呼吸代谢无显著影响(P>0.05);2.盐度对三疣梭子蟹耗氧率的影响不显著(P>0.05),但显著影响其排氨率(P<0.05);成熟前后的三疣梭子蟹耗氧率和排氨率差异显著(P<0.05);3.盐度对三疣梭子蟹O∶N未产生显著影响(P>0.05),三疣梭子蟹成熟前O∶N显著高于成熟后(P<0.05);4.除LDH外,盐度对三疣梭子蟹呼吸代谢酶活力影响不显著(P>0.05);除鳃中SDH和LDH外,三疣梭子蟹呼吸代谢酶活力随生长发育发生显著变化(P<0.05)。研究表明,规格对三疣梭子蟹呼吸代谢的影响高于盐度,长时间盐度驯化可能减弱甚至消除三疣梭子蟹在不同盐度水平下代谢的差异。 相似文献
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在水温(26.4±0.79)℃、盐度11、14.5、18、21.5、25和28.5下,将壳长27~28mm泥蚶饲养在流水系统中24h,每一盐度梯度设置3个平行和3个空白对照,以研究盐度对泥蚶摄食、代谢、碳收支及能量代谢的影响。试验结果显示,随着盐度的升高,泥蚶的滤水率、摄食率、吸收率和O∶N均先升后降,而耗氧率与排氨率先降后升,在盐度18~21.5时显著达到极值(P0.05),但盐度对泥蚶的耗氧率、排氨率和O∶N影响不显著(P0.05)。泥蚶代谢所需要的能量主要由脂肪和碳水化合物提供,盐度18~21.5为泥蚶的适宜盐度范围,此时的能量代谢方程分别为:100C=26.12F+30.75R+5.78U+37.35P;100C=25.06F+32.03R+5.15U+37.76P。 相似文献
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Metabolic and digestive enzyme activity of Pangasianodon hypophthalmus (Sauvage, 1878) fingerlings in response to alternate feeding of different protein levels in the diet 
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下载免费PDF全文 Nagung Camder Tok Kamal Kant Jain Dhanasekaran L Prabu Narottam P Sahu Sukham Munilkumar Asim K Pal Gunnur M Siddiah Pankaj Kumar 《Aquaculture Research》2017,48(6):2895-2911
A feeding trial was conducted for 90 days to assess the metabolic and digestive enzyme activity in response to alternate or mixed feeding of different protein levels in the diet of Pangasianodon hypophthalmus fingerlings. One hundred and forty four fingerlings with an average weight of 5.0–5.5 g were distributed into four experimental groups each with triplicate. Four iso‐caloric diets with varying level of crude protein viz., 35%, 30%, 25% and 20% were made and designated as diet 35P, 30P, 25P and 20P respectively. Four treatments were maintained based on four different feeding schedules such as continuous feeding of diet 35P (35P/35P), alternate feeding of 1 day diet 35P next day diet 30P (35P/30P), alternate feeding of 1 day diet 35P next day diet 25P (35P/25P) and alternate feeding of 1 day diet 35P next day diet 20P (35P/20P). As a result, specific growth rate (SGR) and weight gain percentage were relatively higher in treatment (35P/25P) followed by (35P/35P) and (35P/30P). The metabolic enzymes such as lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), malate dehydrogenase (MDH), glucose‐6‐phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH), Glucose‐6‐phosphatase (G6Pase), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), acid phosphatase (ACP), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) were expressed better in (35P/35P) group followed by (35P/25P) and (35P/30P) groups. The digestive enzymes, protease and lipase activities were higher in (35P/35P) and (35P/25P) groups. The present study revealed that the better nutrient utilization and growth of 35P/25P group is because of their balanced digestive and metabolic enzyme activities through alternate level of higher and lower protein diet. 相似文献
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以静室呼吸耗氧–复氧为实验组,持续充气组为对照组。于0、1、2、4、5 h及复氧1、4、8 h检测并分析了水体溶解氧(DO)和脊尾白虾(Exopalaemon carinicauda)组织主要呼吸代谢及抗氧化酶活力。结果显示,随着时间的延长,实验组DO不断降低,且显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。脊尾白虾鳃、肝胰腺和肌肉细胞色素C氧化酶(CCO)、琥珀酸脱氢酶(SDH)活力降低;乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)、延胡索酸还原酶(FRD)活力升高,SDH/FRD值降低。复氧后,3种组织SDH、LDH和FRD活力恢复至对照组,肌肉CCO活力升高,在复氧8 h时低于对照组(P<0.05);SDH/FRD值升高。随着时间的延长,3种组织超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GPX)和谷胱甘肽S转移酶(GST)活力均先升后降,但肝胰腺的过氧化物酶(POD)活力降低,而在鳃和肌肉中呈波动性变化;复氧后,3种组织SOD、CAT、GPX和GST活力均恢复至对照组水平,但鳃和肌肉的POD在复氧8 h时均低于对照组(P<0.05)。研究表明,随着DO的降低,脊尾白虾有氧代谢逐渐降低,无氧代谢逐渐升高。复氧后,有氧代谢能力又逐渐恢复。上述抗氧化酶可能在脊尾白虾应对低氧-复氧中产生的氧化损伤发挥着重要作用。 相似文献
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Alaa G. M. Osman Imam A. Mekkawy Johan Verreth Frank Kirschbaum 《Fish physiology and biochemistry》2007,33(1):1-13
Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and pyruvate kinase (PK) are key metabolic enzymes.
G6PDH has been used as a biomarker of pollution-induced carcinogenesis in fish. LDH has been used as marker of lesions in
toxicology and clinical chemistry, and PK catalyses the conversion of phosphoenol pyruvate to pyruvate, with regeneration
of ATP. The effect of different concentrations of lead nitrate on the activity of these enzymes in two different early ontogenetic
stages (embryonic and free embryonic stage) of the African catfish Clarias gariepinus was investigated. Embryo homogenates were used for measurements of G6PDH, LDH and PK activity spectrophotometrically at 340 nm
and 25°C. The ontogenetic variations of the three enzymes during early ontogeny, from the 30 h to the 168 h post-fertilisation
stage (PFS) (beginning of exogenous feeding), were studied. There was a significant decrease in activities of all three enzymes
from 30 h-PFS to 96 h-PFS, followed by a significant increase in G6PDH and LDH. PK showed insignificant fluctuations in activity.
Different patterns of enzyme activities were recorded due to exposure to different lead nitrate concentrations (100 μg/l,
300 μg/l and 500 μg/l). In the pre-hatching stage (30 h-PFS) the activity of the three enzymes increased at exposure to 100 μg/l
lead nitrate and then decreased with increasing dose. In the post-hatching stages (48 h-PFS–168 h-PFS) G6PDH activity increased
and LDH activity decreased with increasing lead concentrations. Unlike G6PDH and LDH, the PK enzyme fluctuated during the
post-hatching stages and did not reveal a specific trend of response (increase or decrease) with increasing lead concentrations.
Therefore, the measurement of G6PDH and LDH activities, but not PK activity, could be useful biomarkers of intoxication to
reveal the embryotoxic potential of lead nitrate in fish embryos. The post-hatching stages of the African catfish are more
sensitive than the pre-hatching stage (30 h-PFS) is, probably due to the protective capacity provided by the hardened chorion.
The interaction and the main effects of age and lead doses were found to be highly significant, referring to the great impact
of lead on these enzyme systems with increasing early development. 相似文献
16.
Xu-Ying Jia Da-Sen Zhong Dan Zhang Fang Wang Wen-Li Zhou 《Aquaculture International》2018,26(4):1067-1081
To investigate the effect of hypothermal (22?→?16 °C) and hyperthermal (22?→?28 °C) stress on the energy regulation of Litopenaeus vannamei cultured in long-term freshwater, the activities of hexokinase (HK), pyruvate kinase (PK), lactic dehydrogenase (LDH), and succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) were determined and compared with those kept in seawater. Results showed that at the early stage of thermal stress, HK, PK, and LDH activities increased and then decreased. At the end of the trial (48 h), all enzyme activities except PK and LDH activities in shrimps cultured in freshwater returned to the pre-experiment level. Following temperature stress, SDH activity of shrimps cultured in freshwater and seawater all decreased first and then increased, and finally reached the pre-experiment level, while SDH activity in gills of shrimps cultured in seawater was significantly lower than that before. At a constant temperature of 22 °C, compared with shrimps cultured in seawater, those cultured in freshwater had a lower level in HK, PK, and SDH activities, but a higher level in LDH activity. In summary, shrimps cultured in freshwater might rely more on anaerobic metabolism, while the opposite was true for glycolysis and aerobic metabolism. Because shrimps cultured in freshwater had a higher sensitivity to thermal stress, noticeable temperature variation especially when temperature decrease should be avoided in the freshwater intensive culture of L. vannamei. 相似文献