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1.
不同林龄桉树林下植被多样性分析   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
以广东省信宜市中部山区不同林龄（3 a 生和 5 a 生）桉树人工林为研究对象,通过样地调查, 统计和分析了桉树林下植被结构特征（种类组成、结构与分布）和物种多样性（Margale 丰富度指数、 Simpson 优势度指数、Shannon-Wiener 指数和 Pielou 均匀度指数）。结果表明：（1）3 a 生桉树林下植被共 记录维管束植物23 科 31 属 33 种,5 a 生桉树林林下植被共记录维管束植物 24 科 32 属 35 种,不同林龄 桉树林下植被结构与分布特征差异较大,乔木幼苗、灌木层和草本层的优势种均明显不同;（2）林龄对 桉树林下植被丰富度影响相对较小,但对优势度和均匀度影响较大;随着林龄的增加,桉树林下灌木层 和草本层植被物种多样性均明显下降,其中灌木层下降幅度大于草本层。总体而言,林龄对林下植被的 种类组成影响相对较小,但对林下植被的结构与分布以及物种多样性有显著影响。  相似文献   

2.
以广东省信宜市池洞镇和水口镇桉树人工林为研究对象,通过样地调查,统计和分析了不同坡 位（上坡位和下坡位）和不同密度（低密度 1 350~1 700 株 /ha、高密度 1 950~2 475 株 /ha）桉树林个体生 长量（树高、胸径、单株材积）、林分蓄积量及其林下植被物种多样性（Margale 丰富度指数、Simpson 优 势度指数、Shannon-Wiener 指数和 Pielou 均匀度指数）。结果表明：（1）坡位显著影响桉树林生产力和林 下植被多样性,下坡位桉树树高、胸径、单株材积和林分蓄积量和林下灌木层物种多样性明显高于上坡 位,但下坡位林下草本层物种多样性低于上坡位;（2）密度对胸径和单株材积有显著影响,但不影响树高 和林分蓄积量,高密度桉树林下灌木层和草本层物种多样性均明显低于低密度桉树林。总体而言,肥力条 件更好的下坡位更利于桉树生长,产量更高,坡位对林下灌木层和草本层物种多样性的影响有所不同;高 密度（1 950~2 475 株 /ha）造林时,增产效果不明显,但存在林下植被多样性下降的风险。  相似文献   

3.
通过对经不同措施改造后的辽东山区次生林进行林下植被物种多样性调查,计算了该次生林下物种丰富度Margalef、Shannon-Wiener指数、Simpson优势度指数和Pielou均匀度指数,结果表明:改造后林下植被数量和物种数均高于对照区。改造后草本和木本植物丰富度指数和多样性指数均高于对照区,而优势度指数均小于对照区。可见,改造措施可以改变林下植被物种组成,增加植被数量和种类,加速林下植被演替,增加森林系统的稳定性。  相似文献   

4.
间伐对华北落叶松人工林林下植被的短期影响   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  
为了解抚育间伐对华北落叶松纯林林下植被的影响,对河北省木兰林管局600,900,1 200,1 500株/hm2共4种不同密度华北落叶松人工林林下植被进行了调查。结果表明,华北落叶松人工林林下植被物种丰富度,平均高度、平均盖度、平均密度、植物多样性指数随着保留密度的增大而减小,且密度600株/hm2和900株/hm2落叶松林下植被的各项指标都相接近,与其它2种密度林下植被相差较大;较小密度之间的林下植被物种组成相似程度较大,较大密度和较小密度落叶松之间林下植被物种组成差异较大;40 a生左右、平均高为11m、密度为1 500株/hm2的华北落叶松间伐保留密度为900株/hm2较为合理。  相似文献   

5.
广西桉树人工林物种多样性与生物量关系   总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7  
对广西东门桉树人工林18个试验小区物种多样性、群落总生物量、乔木层生物量和林下植被生物量进行研究.结果表明:1)桉树人工林物种丰富度与乔木层、灌草层和群落总生物量呈极显著正相关(α=0.001),相关系数分别为0.693 5、0.702 8和0.710 6;2)叶面积指数与物种丰富度和林下植被生物量均表现为极显著正相关(α=0.001),相关系数分别为0.731 0和0.685 6;3)乔木层生物量与土壤有机质、土壤水解N以及物种丰富度与土壤有机质有较强的相关性.相关系数分别为0.641 6、0.620 3和0.635 9,在0.1水平上达到显著;林下植被生物量与9种土壤养分的相关性均较小,相关系数在0.4以下.以上结果表明:桉树人工林物种多样性的增加有利于林分生物量的提高;叶面积指数和土壤有机质在小尺度上的变化对桉树人工林的物种丰富度和生物量影响较大.  相似文献   

6.
共和盆地高寒沙区植被恢复区4种典型人工灌木林是柠条Caragana korshinskii,沙棘Hippophae rhamnoides,沙柳Salix psammophila,乌柳Salix cheilophila。选取林龄相近的4种人工灌木林,对群落及林下草本植物的物种多样性和相关的环境因子进行调查,揭示林下植被物种多样性及环境因子的差异。结果表明:人工林类型对物种多样性的影响较为明显,各人工林类型林下草本植被物种多样性指数与物种丰富度指数具有相似的变化规律,均为沙棘柠条沙柳乌柳,而优势度指数与前者相反。不同林地表层土壤粒径组成差异明显,但细砂粒所占比例较大。试验样地均为碱性土壤,且林分类型对土壤养分含量影响显著。  相似文献   

7.
【目的】探究青藏高原东北边缘云杉-冷杉林火烧迹地植被恢复与重建过程中的灌木群落特征动态，阐明火烧迹地灌木群落多样性格局和维持机制的生态过程，为在火烧迹地恢复与重建过程中对植被进行合理干预、尽快恢复生态效益提供合理依据。【方法】以空间代时间方法，分析恢复5年和15年火烧迹地灌木群落和未过火林地林下灌木层物种组成特征、α物种多样性和β物种多样性。【结果】在5年、15年火烧迹地灌木群落与未过火林地林下灌木层之间，植物种类组成存在差异，5年火烧迹地共调查到11科17属24种，15年火烧迹地共调查到8科10属17种，未过火林地共调查到12科19属35种。5年、15年火烧迹地和未过火林地的物种丰富度指数与Pielou均匀度指数，以及5年火烧迹地的物种丰富度指数与Simpson指数、物种丰富度指数与Shannon-Wiener指数的相关性均不强（P<0.1或P>0.1），其他指数间的相关性均较强（P<0.001或P<0.01）。物种丰富度指数为5年火烧迹地>15年火烧迹地>未过火林地，Shannon-Wiener指数和Simpson指数均为15年火烧迹地>未...  相似文献   

8.
以金洞林场杉木纯林、杉木-闽楠混交林为研究对象,对不同密度和混交比例的林分进行研究,将物种多样性指数作为衡量林分密度和混交比例是否合理的参考指标,为人工混交林的经营提供理论依据。采用典型抽样法,按其混交比例分为类型Ⅰ(10杉)、类型Ⅱ(9杉1楠)、类型Ⅲ(7杉3楠)、类型Ⅳ(5杉5楠)4种类型设置典型样地,同种类型林分设置3个密度等级,低密度(A:600~1000株/hm^2)、中密度(B:1200~1600株/hm^2)、高密度(C:2000~2400株/hm^2),对比分析其林下植被物种组成及多样性差异。结果表明:从类型Ⅰ至类型Ⅳ随着闽楠比例的增加其林下植被的物种数增加。林下灌木及草本Patrick丰富度指数、Shannon-Wiener多样性指数、Simpson优势度指数表现为类型Ⅳ>类型Ⅲ>类型Ⅱ>类型Ⅰ。林分密度及混交比例与林下灌木及草本层的物种多样性指数呈显著(P<0.05)或极显著相关关系(P<0.01);拟合曲线表明林下植被Shannon-Wiener多样性指数和Patrick丰富度指数达峰值时的闽楠比例为0.465~0.506,即闽楠比例在46.5%~50.6%之间其林下植被物种多样性达到最大值。物种多样性指数与密度及混交比例均具有显著或极显著相关关系,可将物种多样性作为确定杉木-闽楠混交林最适密度和混交比例的因子之一。当前阶段,金洞林场杉木-闽楠混交林最适密度为1200~1600株/hm^2,杉木与闽楠的株数比例控制在0.97~1.10之间。  相似文献   

9.
选取江西省吉安县人工林中31个样地。通过比较这些样地的林下植被丰富度,多样性指数,以及林分因子的差异,揭示了南方松人工林林下植被的多样性总体状况以及南方松人工林林下植被的多样性。研究结果表明：（1）郁闭度对林下植被生物量影响较大。（2）吉安县人工林各样地多样性总体状况无明显差异,受林分因子影响不显著,可能与当地土壤理化性状有关系。（3）南方松人工林林下植被生物多样性在20年以前与20年以后有个突然增高的现象,上层林木只有在20年以后其林下植被才能够发育得良好。  相似文献   

10.
在黄柏山林场4种典型人工林中设置样地,对林下植物组成及多样性进行研究,旨在掌握该区域森林生态系统林下植被特征。研究表明:1)檫杉混交林林下植物丰富度最高。2)4种类型人工林林下物种Shannon-Wiener多样性指数,Simpson多样性指数和均匀度指数均存在显著性差异(p0.05),同时各林分灌木层和草本层植被类型都呈现为中等不相似或极不相似,说明乔木植被类型对于林下物种及其多样性影响较大。在营造人工林时,树种的选择对于其可持续经营有着重要影响作用。3)4种类型人工林林下植被群落多样性指数,包括Shannon-Wiener多样性指数,Simpson多样性指数和均匀度指数均是草本灌木。可能由于4种林分的郁闭度都较高,影响了灌木层生长,同时也为草本层喜阴植物的生长创造了一定条件。在黄柏山林场的人工林经营过程中,应适当进行抚育间伐,增加林内透光度,以利于林下植被的恢复。  相似文献   

11.
Currently, the aim of modern forest management is not only timber production but also the protection of biodiversity. The initial effects of clear-cut logging on forest understory vegetation, soil and the diversity of litter beetles have been studied. We examined unstudied effects of clear-cutting disturbance on understory vascular plant species abundance, forest soils, and understory vegetation nutrients as well as beetle diversity one year after clear-cutting. Substantial changes in the prominence values and above-ground mass of forest-related vascular plant and moss species were detected. Clear-cuttings resulted in fast appearance of new light-loving plant species. The significant decrease in understory plant biomass influenced the reduction of nutrient pools in clear-cut areas after one year. The clear-cut logging negatively influenced the richness of species and the number of individuals of stenobiontic forest-related beetles in the forest litter. However, forest clear-cuttings were beneficial for eurytopic and open land species.  相似文献   

12.
Identifying effective management operations for plantations is important for conservation of biodiversity in a plantation-dominated landscape. We tested whether pre-commercial thinning influenced community structures and could be an effective strategy for increasing diversity and abundance of plants and animals in plantations. We designated thinned and unthinned study stands in Japanese cedar (Cryptomeria japonica) plantations and compared the communities of understory vegetation, bees, butterflies, hoverflies, and longhorn beetles 1 and 3 years after thinning. The analyses of vegetation showed that pre-commercial thinning affected community structure, but species richness and vegetation abundance were not significantly affected. Thinning affected insect community structure, and both species richness and abundance of all insect groups increased 1 year after thinning. However, 3 years after thinning, significant differences only remained in the species richness of bees and the abundance of bees, butterflies, and hoverflies. These results suggest that pre-commercial thinning in plantation stands influences the community structure of understory vegetation and can be an effective way to increase the diversity and abundance of some insect groups in the short term. However, the results also suggest that the duration of the operational effects of pre-commercial thinning varies among insect groups; thus, the variable effects of pre-commercial thinning should be carefully considered in the conservation-based management of plantation stands.  相似文献   

13.
Southwestern USA ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa C. Lawson var. scopulorum Engelm.) forests evolved with frequent surface fires and have changed dramatically over the last century. Overstory tree density has sharply increased while abundance of understory vegetation has declined primarily due to the near cessation of fires. We examined effects of varying prescribed fire-return intervals (1, 2, 4, 6, 8, and 10 years, plus unburned) on the abundance and composition of understory vegetation in 2007 and 2008 after 30+ years of fall prescribed burning at two ponderosa pine sites. We found that after 30 years, overstory canopy cover remained high, while understory plant canopy cover was low, averaging <12% on all burn intervals. We attributed the weak understory response to a few factors – the most important of which was the high overstory cover at both sites. Graminoid cover and cover of the major grass species, Elymus elymoides (squirreltail), increased on shorter fire-return intervals compared to unburned plots, but only at one site. Community composition differed significantly between shorter fire-return intervals and unburned plots at one site, but not the other. For several response variables, precipitation levels appeared to have a stronger effect than treatments. Our findings suggest that low-severity burn treatments in southwestern ponderosa pine forests, especially those that do not decrease overstory cover, are minimally effective in increasing understory plant cover. Thinning of these dense forests along with prescribed burning is necessary to increase cover of understory vegetation.  相似文献   

14.
In central Argentina, Serrano forest has a long history of fire disturbance; however, the impact of fire on avifauna remains unknown. We compared the avian–habitat relationships in forest patches with low, moderate, and high fire regimes using a community-level (species richness, abundance, ordination and guilds) and species-level (indicator species analysis) approach. In patches under each fire condition, we recorded bird community composition, richness and abundance, and different vegetation structure variables. The site under high-severity fire regime was structurally poor and had been converted from original forest to dense grassland. There, diversity of bird community was low, retaining approximately 30 % of the species present in the least impacted site. Avian assemblage was dominated by generalist and open area birds. Guilds were underrepresented, showing an important reduction of foliage granivorous, nectarivorous, omnivores, and foliage and bark insectivorous, and absence of fly-catchers. Moreover, low abundance of forest understory, midstory, and canopy species and of birds belonging to open and closed nesting guilds was detected. By contrast, under low and moderate-severity fire regimes highest bird diversity as well as highest representativeness of most guilds was observed. Forest bird species were strongly associated with low fire disturbance, whereas moderate fire disturbance was characterized by the presence of forest and generalist species. Given the critical conservation status of Serrano forest in Córdoba, Argentina, habitat restoration and protection of forest relicts could be suitable measures to promote avifauna preservation.  相似文献   

15.
The assessment of biodiversity in managed plantations has become an important issue for long-term sustainability of the ecosystem. The continuous cropping system (CCS) is common practice in Eucalyptus plantations in southern China. In order to clarify the effects of such a practice on species compositions, species diversity, and functional type compositions of understory vegetation, a field trial was installed in the first and second rotations of Eucalyptus plantations. The treatments were replicated three times and arranged in a simple completely randomized design. Vegetation surveys were performed in 1998–2005 following the treatments. Although the CCS had no significant effect on the composition structures in terms of life-form, growth-form, seed dispersal strategies and breeding strategies, there were significant differences in percent coverages of shrub (SLC) and herbaceous layer (HLC) between two types of stand. The CCS reduced the species richness and species diversity remarkably, and was also particularly favorable for r-strategy herbaceous species at the expense of k-strategy woody species in understory vegetation. The repeated disturbances to soil and vegetation including clear-cutting followed by prescribed burning and mechanical plowing maybe the main factor which results in the negative change of understory plant diversity. Although more comprehensive studies on disturbance and a long-term monitoring of a broad-scale project will be required, we suggest that alternative silviculture, consisting of practices other than clear-cutting and prescribed burning, should be introduced to conserve species composition and diversity of Eucalyptus plantations.  相似文献   

16.
Tree plantations can be an important tool for restoration of abandoned pasturelands in the tropics. Plantations can help speed up secondary forest succession by improving soil conditions, attracting seed-dispersal agents, and providing shade necessary for understory growth. In this study, abundance and richness of understory regeneration was measured in three native tree plantations 15–16 years of age at La Selva Biological Station in the Costa Rican Caribbean lowlands. Each plantation contained tree species in pure plots, a mixture of the species, and natural regeneration plots (no trees planted). The greatest abundance of regeneration was found in the understory of pure plots of Jacaranda copaia (Aubl.) D.Don., Vochysia guatemalensis Donn.Sm., Dipteryx panamensis Benth, Vochysia ferruginea Mart., and in two mixed stands, while the lowest was found in the natural regeneration treatments with about half the values as in the plantation stands. There was a significant negative correlation between percent canopy openness and abundance of regeneration in the understory. Two distinctive clusters separated the regeneration treatments from the mixed and pure plantations at a very low Bray–Curtis similarity value. The natural regeneration treatments are separated from mixed and pure plantations in the two-dimensional ordination. The lack of difference between the understory make-up of pure and mixed plantations in abundance, species richness, and seed-dispersal syndromes of understory species suggests that planting mixed stands is not necessarily superior to planting pure stands for promoting understory diversity of woody species. While regeneration of woody species can be faster under pure- or mixed-species plantations than in open pastures, the abundance, richness and species composition depends on each plantation species, or species assemblages in case of the mixtures.  相似文献   

17.
Human-induced forest edges are common in many forest landscapes throughout the world. Forest management requires an understanding of their ecological consequences. This study addressed the responses of three ecological groups (non-forest species, secondary forest species and primary forest species) in edge soil seed banks and edge understory vegetation, and explored the relationship between the invasion of non-forest species in edge understory vegetation and the accumulation of their seeds in edge soil seed banks. The soil seed banks and understory vegetation were sampled along transects established at the edges of a continuous subtropical evergreen broad-leaved forest tract (Lithocarpus xylocarpus forest) bordering anthropogenic grasslands and three tropical seasonal rain forest fragments (Shorea wantianshuea forest) bordering fallows. Species composition in both soil seed banks and understory vegetation showed great difference among edge sites. In soil seed banks, the dominance (relative abundance and relative richness) of each ecological group did not change significantly along the edge to interior gradient. In understory vegetation, the invasion of non-forest species concentrated on the first several meters along the edge to interior gradient. The dominance of secondary forest species decreased with distance from the edge, while the dominance of primary forest species increased with distance from the edge. In forest edge zones, the invasion of a majority of non-forest species in understory vegetation lags behind the accumulation of their seeds in soil seed banks. Forest edges do not act as a good barrier for the penetration of non-forest species seeds. The lack of non-forest species in understory vegetation must then be due to conditions that are not appropriate for their establishment. Therefore, to prevent germination and survival of non-forest species further into the forest, management should focus on maintaining interior forest conditions.  相似文献   

18.
选取半干旱黄土丘陵沟壑区相似气候、土壤和立地条件下的4种密度白榆人工林为研究对象,通过调查林下物种组成和结构,比较不同密度人工林下的物种组成、结构特征及其差异,评价人工林林下植被的发育状况．结果表明：白榆林下共有维管柬植物43种,分属18科35属;群落乔木层结构比较简单,灌木层优势种主要以建群种的幼苗和达乌里胡枝子为主,草本层物种较多,优势种为菊科、禾本科;当林分密度为1667株／hm^2时,乔木、灌木及草本层的物种丰富度、多样性、均匀度指数均较高．  相似文献   

19.
ABSTRACT

Forest rehabilitation is when a desired tree species is planted in degraded forests or lands. Rehabilitation by planting a single tree species is a common way to restore exploited forests to maintain ecological processes. We compared woody and herbaceous understory vegetation between forests rehabilitated by mahogany (N = 12) or teak (N = 12) planted from 1941 until 2003 in Yogyakarta, Indonesia. Understory vegetation of these areas was compared with that of three native forests. Species richness, species diversity, density of plants and proportion of native plants did not differ between the rehabilitated areas and the native forest. Recently rehabilitated areas were different from the native forests while 41–74 yr after rehabilitation, characteristics of understory vegetation approached those of native forest. We described species composition using ordination, and found it to differ between areas rehabilitated with teak and with mahogany and, particularly, between the rehabilitated areas and the native forests. Time since rehabilitation and tree species planted were important for the species composition of understory vegetation. We conclude that the selection of species for rehabilitation and letting rehabilitated areas mature are important for understory development and species diversity.  相似文献   

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