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2-叔丁基对苯二酚选择性合成工艺研究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
以对苯二酚(HQ)和异丁烯为原料，在磷酸或硫酸-磷酸混合酸催化作用下进行烷基化合成2-叔丁基对苯二酚(TBHQ)，探讨了催化剂种类及用量、加料方式对合成TBHQ选择性的影响。结果表明：以H3PO4为催化剂，甲苯为溶剂，HQ 3等份加料，102～105℃同流反应1h，H3PO4可循环使用8次，TBHQ的含量在75％以上；以1．3％硫磷混酸为催化剂，甲苯为溶剂，HQ3等份加料，104～107℃回流反应70min，催化剂可循环使用7次，TBHQ含量大于65％。 相似文献
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磺化碳固体酸催化麻疯油与甲醇的酯交换反应 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
制备了磺化碳固体酸催化剂,用红外光谱、元素分析、X射线衍射(XRD)和热重分析对所制备的催化剂进行了定性定量研究.用磺化碳固体酸催化麻疯油与甲醇的酯交换反应,研究了相关因素对反应的影响,用高效液相色谱法分析反应中甘油三酯(TG)、甘油双酯(DG)、甘油单酯(MG)和脂肪酸甲酯(FAME)的含量,结果表明,用磺化碳固体酸催化麻疯油与甲醇的酯交换反应非常有效,最佳反应条件(甲醇与麻疯油物质的量之比固定为12∶1):催化剂用量为麻疯油质量的10%,反应温度120℃,反应时间8h,反应原料中含脂肪酸不大于10%,含水量不大于5%,酯交换率可达到95%左右.这种催化剂循环使用10次,酯交换率没有下降. 相似文献
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固体酸催化水解杉木制备乙酰丙酸的研究 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
以杉木粉为原料,以SO42--TiO2/粘土固体酸为水解催化剂,探讨了固体酸催化剂的用量、水解温度、液固比和水解时间对杉木粉制备乙酰丙酸得率的影响.研究结果表明,当固体酸的用量为3.5%、温度为240 C、液固比为18:1、水解时间为35 min时为较优的制备工艺.在该工艺条件下,乙酰丙酸的得率为22.16%. 相似文献
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《林产化学与工业》2017,(5)
以蔗渣为原料,采用炭化-浸渍法制备碳基钌催化剂(Ru/CSB),并将其应用于催化葡萄糖加氢制备山梨醇。利用XRD、SEM和TEM对催化剂结构进行了表征,并考察了不同反应条件对催化剂性能的影响以及催化剂的重复使用效果。催化剂表征结果显示:活性金属Ru很好地负载在炭化蔗渣(CSB)载体上,且分布均匀。在蔗渣炭化温度为450℃,催化剂用量(以反应体系质量分数计)为1%,氢气压力为3 MPa,反应温度为120℃,反应时间为2 h的条件下,葡萄糖转化率为99.41%,山梨醇得率为98.13%,山梨醇选择性为98.71%。催化剂的重复使用性能较好,在重复使用5次后,Ru的分散度下降,出现团聚现象,山梨醇的得率有略微的下降,为94.80%。 相似文献
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提出了非木材木质纤维生物质碱性亚硫酸盐制浆(ASP)生物炼制的理念,研究了总用碱量、亚硫酸化度、温度和时间对麦草碱性亚硫酸盐法蒸煮深度脱木质素特性和木质素磺化的影响。结果表明:麦草ASP法具有高的深度脱木质素选择性;深度脱木质素延伸与木质素磺化度提高具有一致性;总用碱量、亚硫酸化度、最高温度和保温时间对深度脱木质素选择性和木质素磺化度都有重要的影响;在总碱用量18.0%,亚硫酸化度85.0%,液比值3.5,最高温度168℃,保温150 min的条件下,可制得卡伯值8.8,得率56.8%,黏度为33.3 mPa.s的优良纸浆,此时黑液中磺化木质素磺酸基含量达2.16 mmol/g(以固形物计)。从深度脱木质素选择性、木质素磺化和纸浆基本特性考虑,麦草ASP法具有制浆生物炼制的前景。 相似文献
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提出了非木材木质纤维生物质碱性亚硫酸盐制浆(ASP)生物炼制的理念,研究了总用碱量、亚硫酸化度、温度和时间对麦草碱性亚硫酸盐法蒸煮深度脱木质素特性和木质素磺化的影响.结果表明:麦草ASP法具有高的深度脱木质素选择性;深度脱本质素延伸与木质素磺化度提高具有一致性;总用碱量、亚硫酸化度、最高温度和保温时间对深度脱木质素选择性和木质素磺化度都有重要的影响;在总碱用量18.0％,亚硫酸化度85.0％,液比值3.5,最高温度168℃,保温150 min的条件下,可制得卡伯值8.8,得率56.8％,黏度为33.3 mPa·s的优良纸浆,此时黑液中磺化本质素磺酸基含量达2.16 mmol/g(以固形物计).从深度脱木质素选择性、木质素磺化和纸浆基本特性考虑,麦草ASP法具有制浆生物炼制的前景. 相似文献
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以松木粉和热塑性淀粉(TPS)为主要原料,PE为胶黏剂,AKD为改性剂,利用响应面Box-Behnken试验设计方法研究不同松木粉含量、模压温度、保压时间、模压压力对松木粉/TPS复合材料主要力学性能的影响,分析优化模压制备工艺。结果表明：松木粉/TPS复合材料较佳的模压制备工艺参数为：松木粉含量42%,模压温度151℃,模压压力14 MPa,保压时间11.2 min。在此条件下制备的松木粉/TPS复合材料的弯曲强度、拉伸强度和冲击强度分别为15.7、7.41 MPa和3.43 kJ/m2,与响应面预测值的误差均在6%以内,该模型预测的响应变量可信度高。 相似文献
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木质纤维素及其组分转化木材胶粘剂的发展趋势 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
木质素是造纸工业废液中的主要成分。其具有和酚醛树脂相似的结构, 因此可以部分替代苯酚用于酚醛树脂的生产。但是由于木质素化学结构复杂, 具有化学反应活性的位点少、反应官能团所收到的空间位阻大, 一般添加量不超过10%~20%。有机溶剂法制浆分离的木质素分子量大, 纯度高, 酚醛树脂允许的添加量可达20%~30%, 但是要求提高固化温度、延长固化时间来克服木质素反应活性低的限制。对木质素进行化学改性如羟甲基化、酚解、醇解、还原等, 可以降低分子量, 增加活性基团如酚羟基的含量、并使苯环上更多的活性位点暴露出来, 从而提高木质素的化学反应活性。酚醛树脂经过改性木质素的允许的添加量可达30%~40%。部分木质素含量高的木质纤维素类原料如核桃壳粉等, 经过研磨和化学活化处理后可以直接添加到酚醛树脂中, 部分替代苯酚而不对胶接性能产生影响。环碳酸酯类和多元醇混合物被用来作为全新的液化剂来把木质纤维素快速液化为有用的化学原料。所得到的液化产物具有较高的反应活性, 是今后利用木质纤维素开发绿色木材胶粘剂的一条可资利用的途径。 相似文献
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Wei Wang Yasuyuki Matsushita Dan Aoki Kazuhiko Fukushima Rie Tomioka Kazuya Iizuka Chisato Takenaka 《Journal of Wood Science》2017,63(4):388-395
To investigate the possibility of decontaminating 137Cs-contaminated Cryptomeria japonica wood, kraft pulping was conducted and the Cs behavior in the reaction process was examined. 133Cs-treated or 137Cs-contaminated bark, sapwood, and heartwood chips of Cryptomeria japonica were digested using an aqueous solution of NaOH and Na2S. The pulp was washed with ultrapure water and filtered, after which the filtrate (black liquor) was collected. The black liquor was acidified to separate the supernatant and precipitation. The Cs (133Cs and 137Cs) concentrations in the chip and reaction products were measured. As for wood samples, the majority of Cs was present in black liquor, while only a minor amount of Cs was retained in the pulp (<1%). In the case of bark, although the majority of Cs was present in the black liquor, the proportion of Cs in the pulp was much higher than that in the wood pulp. In addition, the Cs in the precipitation of the bark was higher than that in the wood, possibly because the Cs in the bark was combined with some components, which is insoluble in alkaline solution. Our results suggest that 137Cs-contaminated Cryptomeria japonica wood can be used in the pulp and paper industries. 相似文献
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研究了一种用含有少量硫酸的乙酸溶液分离杨木成分的方法。考察了反应时间、乙酸浓度、液比和催化剂浓度对木材成分分离的影响。对分离出的木材三种成分进行了表征。结果表明,分离杨木成分的较佳条件为:硫酸浓度0.3%,液比6,反应时间3h和乙酸浓度90%。残渣的主要成分是α-纤维素和半纤维素。水不溶沉淀物(乙酰化木质素)的重均分子量分布在341到253之间,分散性系数分布在1.1到1.2这一窄范围内。糖分析结果表明,可溶性成分主要来源于半纤维素,以单糖形式存在。 相似文献
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Atsushi IKEDA 《中国林业科技(英文版)》2002,(4)
Chinese fir (Cunninghamia lanceolata) and poplar (Populus spp.) wood meal were phenolated in the presence of sulfuric acid used as a catalyst. The effects of reaction time and reaction temperature on the wood liquefaction were investigated. The results showed that the reaction temperature had the greater influence on the residue content than reaction time. Additionally, the liquefaction curve for the Chinese fir and Poplar were similar in general. 相似文献
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Prabu?Satria?Sejati Aurélia?Imbert Christine?Gérardin-Charbonnier Stéphane?Dumar?ay Emmanuel?Fredon Eric?Masson Dodi?Nandika Trisna?Priadi Phillipe?Gérardin
European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) is a major tree species of European forest which is underexploited because of its low dimensional stability and durability. Similarly to what has been developed with radiata pine, furfurylation might be the answer to optimize the utilization of local beech wood. Beech wood furfurylation process was studied using five different catalysts: maleic anhydride, maleic acid, citric acid, itaconic acid, and tartaric acid. Optimization of the furfurylation process was investigated for different catalyst and furfuryl alcohol (FA) contents, and different duration of polymerization. The following properties were studied: weight percent gain (WPG), leachability, anti-swelling efficiency (ASE), wettability, modulus of elasticity, modulus of rupture, Brinell hardness, and decay durability. Tartaric acid, never investigated up to now, was retained as catalyst to perform furfurylation due to its efficacy compared to other catalysts and its novelty. Wood modification with FA and tartaric acid as catalyst led to samples with high WPG even after leaching, improved ASE, and lower wettability with water. Increasing the polymerization duration increased the fixation of FA in treated wood. Most of all, treatment gave a significant improvement in mechanical properties and resistance to wood decaying fungi. 相似文献
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Preparation of sulfuric acid-catalyzed phenolated wood resin 总被引：22，自引：0，他引：22
Summary Birch wood meal was phenolated in the presence of sulfuric acid used as a catalyst by changing several reaction conditions, such as, phenol-to-wood ratio, temperature, time, and catalyst concentration to make novolak-type resin. A phenol-to-wood ratio of 2–5, reaction temperature of 60–150 °C, time of 60–120 min, and acid concentration of 1–3% were found to be usable values for obtaining good enough amounts of combined phenol and less amounts of unreacted wood residue. The flow properties (flow temperature and apparent melt-viscosity) of the phenolated wood obtained increased with the increase in the amount of combined phenol, however, decreased with the increase in the moisture content and free phenol in the phenolated wood. Furthermore, it was found that the solubility of the phenolated wood in the organic solvents depended, greatly, on the hydrogen bonding strength of the solvents. 相似文献
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Takanori Imai Hideyuki Goto Hiroyuki Matsumura Seiichi Yasuda 《Journal of Wood Science》1998,44(2):106-110
myo-Inositol-[2-3H] and d-glucuronic acid-[6-14C] were administered simultaneously to a growing stem of magnolia (Magnolia kobus DC) to label xylan and pectin, respectively, in the cell wall. Determination of the radioactivity of nitrobenzene oxidation products and sulfuric acid hydrolysates of the newly formed xylem indicated that xylan and pectin were labeled with 3H and 14C, respectively. The doubly labeled wood tissue was treated to kraft pulping, and the radioactivity of the pulping black liquor and treated wood tissue were determined at various stages of the pulping to compare the dissolving behavior between pectin and xylan during the pulping. The results showed that pectin was not dissolved as easily as xylan and was not redeposited on pulp fiber at the late stage of the pulping.Part of this report was presented at the 40th Lignin Symposium at Tsukuba, October 1995 相似文献