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种植年限对香草兰生理状况及根际土壤微生物区系的影响 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
对不同种植年限香草兰园植株生理指标及根际土壤微生物区系进行测定分析。结果表明:10 a以上园龄的香草兰叶片净光合速率、蒸腾速率和叶绿素含量显著降低,而0～5 a园龄香草兰叶片各生理指标并无显著性差异。平板稀释涂布结果显示:5、10和20 a园龄香草兰根际可培养细菌和放线菌数量显著低于新植园,根际细菌与新植园相比分别降低了58.4%、91.6%、96.7%;根际真菌及尖孢镰刀菌数量呈相反趋势,与新植园相比,真菌数量分别是新植园的1.6、2.1和3.4倍。综上所述,种植10 a以上的香草兰园植株生长代谢缓慢,土壤微生物由细菌型向真菌型转变,微生物区系失衡。 相似文献
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茶园土壤酸化研究现状和展望 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
酸性土壤是茶树生长所必须的条件之一,但并非土壤酸性越强,越适宜茶树生长,其最适宜pH值为5.0～5.5,而当前茶园受到自身因素和人为因素的影响,茶园土壤酸化日趋严重.本文回顾了近几十年来茶园土壤酸化现状;分析了茶园土壤酸化的主要原因;阐述了土壤酸化对茶树生长的危害;最后对酸化茶园和新建茶园给出了具体的改良措施.通过分析总结,得出了化学肥料尤其是氮肥的施用是造成茶园土壤酸化最主要的原因;土壤酸化将导致土壤肥力下降和一些重金属元素含量的上升,影响茶叶的产量和品质;施有机物料是改良和控制土壤酸化的理想途径.最后,作者就茶园土壤酸化的问题提出了今后的研究方向. 相似文献
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对海南省香草兰主要种植区的香草兰种植园的植株样品进行了测试分析。结果表明:香草兰种植园植株养分缺乏严重,植株N、P、K、Ca、Mg缺乏的香草兰园分别占全省的62.07%、100%、6.90%、93.10%、79.31%,其中P、Ca缺乏最严重;且各养分之间比例严重失衡,N/P、P/Ca、Mg/P、Mg/Ca、K/P严重不平衡的香草兰园分别占全省的100%、93.1%、82.75%、82.76%、100%。由于香草兰是典型的喜P、Ca作物,因此建议各种植园加大P、Ca肥的投入,同时增施N、Mg肥,使各养分都达到最适香草兰生长的浓度,同时使各养分之间达到平衡。 相似文献
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高产香草兰栽培土壤条件的研究 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
对海南不同管理水平香草兰种植园土壤理化性状调查分析和土壤ｐＨ、水分地表覆盖盆栽试验的研究结果表明,香草兰栽培要维持高产稳产,在土壤管理中必须达到如下主要条件：（１）香草兰对土壤ｐＨ反应极为敏感,最适于生长的土壤ｐＨ值为６．５,在ｐＨ６．０￣７．０范围内生长良好,低于ｐＨ５．５和高于ｐＨ７．０都抑制其生长,低ｐＨ的抑制作用大于高ｐＨ,酸性土壤施石灰对生长和养分吸收反应良好;２）香草兰喜湿而好气,土壤 相似文献
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茶园土壤酸化阻控与改良技术 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
目前我国茶园酸化土壤呈现面积大、分布广及酸化程度高等特点,酸化土壤的结构差、肥力低且重金属含量增加趋势,影响茶树生长发育,严重威胁茶园可持续发展。本文就土壤酸化的现状、成因、危害及土壤酸化防治措施提出了相应的对策。茶园土壤酸化受茶树群体分布的影响而存在着不均一性,植茶初期离茶树根颈近的土壤率先酸化,随着植茶年限的延长和茶树群体覆盖度的增加,导致离根颈远的土壤p H值更低。茶园土壤的整体酸化与茶园生态系统中物质的生物循环有关,随着植茶年限延长,土壤中的钙、镁淋溶增多,土壤酸化加强,土壤铝、锰的淋溶也随土壤酸化程度的增加而增强。但由于茶园土壤中铝的溶出量比钙、镁少得多,各层土壤的铝饱和度随植茶年限的增加而升高,使茶园土壤具有聚积铝的倾向,这就是茶园土壤酸化的基本原因。 相似文献
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酸化土壤改良技术研究进展 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
《作物研究》2016,(2)
酸化是土壤退化的重要表现之一,已严重影响到作物生产。综述了土壤酸化的原因、危害以及酸化土壤改良的技术,指出我国酸化土壤改良研究存在的不足,并对研究方向进行了展望。 相似文献
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针对豫北地区的大豆生产现状，从气候、土壤、品种、生态因素及市场需求等方面提出了优质大豆的发展策略与途径。 相似文献
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Irrigation of Netted Gem potatoes was scheduled during three growing seasons by three methods: (a) when plants displayed first visual symptoms of moisture stress, (b) when indicated by a soil moisture budget involving estimated evapotranspiration, and (c) on the basis of tensiometer readings of soil moisture suction. When the tensiometer method of scheduling was used, the mean yields of tubers were 55.0 and 25.8 cwt/acre (6160 and 2890 kg/ha) higher than those obtained with the other two scheduling methods. Methods did not affect the specific gravity of potatoes. Method (a) scheduled irrigations least frequently. Scheduling by the budget method was not always adequate because it was based on the assumption that the crop extracted water from a constant 4 ft (1.2 m) profile from planting to full vegetative growth. In one year the budget method scheduled the first irrigation earlier than necessary and delayed the second irrigation during a critical period of crop growth. From full vegetative cover to harvest the irrigation schedules were alike for both the budget and tensiometer methods. 相似文献
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1 吉林省平安农业科学院大豆研究工作简介吉林省平安农业科学院大豆研究所 ,设在吉林省长春市西安大路种子大厦内。现有科技人员 6人 ,其中研究员 2人 ,农艺师 2人 ,技术员 2人 ,定向培养研究生 2人。大豆研究所的主要任务是选育稳产、高产、优质及抗病虫大豆新品种 ;同时密切 相似文献
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以长沙县高桥相同嫩度茶鲜叶原料采用卷曲形毛尖茶加工工艺制绿茶为对照,分别对沅陵县齐眉翠峰、凤娇碣滩茶、干发茶和军大坪茶4种绿茶的主要生化成分与感官品质进行初步分析。结果表明,沅陵4种绿茶的茶多酚总量28.76%~30.34%,游离氨基酸总量2.35%~3.22%,咖啡碱含量3.00%~3.63%,水浸出物含量37.26%~40.07%,可溶性糖总量5.46%~5.65%,可溶性蛋白含量1.50%~1.74%,类黄酮化合物总量1.16%~1.79%,叶绿素总量1.36%~2.01%,儿茶素总量13.53%~16.20%。与对照相比,4种绿茶的茶多酚、可溶性糖和儿茶素总量均高于对照,除齐眉翠峰外其余3种茶样水浸出物和叶绿素总量均高于对照,除干发茶外其余3种茶样类黄酮化合物总量均高于对照。 相似文献
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Sena L.P. VanderJagt D.J. Rivera C. Tsin A.T.C. Muhamadu I. Mahamadou O. Millson M. Pastuszyn A. Glew R.H. 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》1998,52(1):17-30
In the western Sahel, indigenous plants become important staples when cereal harvests are inadequate to support populations inhabiting that region of Africa. The purpose of this study was to assess the nutrient content of several of these edible wild plants. The leaves of the following seven plant foods were analyzed: Ziziphus mauritiana, Cerathotheca sesamoides, Moringa oleifera, Leptadenia hastata, Hibiscus sabdarifa, Amaranthus viridi, and Adansonia digitata. The fatty acid, vitamin E, carotenoid, selected mineral and amino acid contents of these plant foods were determined. These same analyses were performed on the fruit of the Adansonia digitata. In quantitative and qualitative terms, Amaranthus viridis was found to be an excellent source of protein. Its amino acid composition compared favorably to that of a World Health Organization (WHO) protein standard. It also contained considerable amounts of the two fatty acids that are essential in humans (linoleic and -linolenic) and a number of minerals including iron, magnesium, calcium and zinc. The leaves of Hibiscus sabdarifa contained an appreciable quantity of protein the composition of which was comparable to the WHO standard. The mineral content of the leaves of this plant was also exceptionally high; noteworthy was its high zinc content. H. sabdarifa also contained significant quantities of the two essential fatty acids. Ziziphus mauritiana was an excellent source of the essential fatty acid linoleic acid and several of the metals including iron, calcium, magnesium and zinc. Its content of other essential nutrients, however, was rather low. In general, Adansonia digitata leaves were nutritionally superior to the fruit of the tree; however, the fruit did contain useful quantities of potassium, phosphorus, zinc and -linolenic acid. The Leptadenia hastata leaves were an especially good source of lutein and -carotene. These data should be useful to the people who inhabit the western Sahel in helping them devise healthy diets during times when cereal staples are in short supply. 相似文献
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通过电解质外渗法和匍匐茎恢复试验对‘阳江’狗牙根及其12个通过形态鉴定选出的坪用价值高且花序密度低的诱变后代进行抗寒性鉴定。电解质外渗法结果表明:诱变后代间的抗寒性具有较大差异,其叶片半致死温度(LT50)的变异范围为-7.6～-0.2℃(最低值与最大值相差7.4℃);参试材料抗寒性由强到弱依次为M18>M4>M26>M28> M22>阳江>M29>M31>M10>M37>M16>M1>M25,其中,有5个诱变后代抗寒性优于亲本,分别是M18、M4、M26、M28、M22。匍匐茎恢复实验结果表明:诱变后代M1、M22、M26、M31、M25在0℃和-5℃低温胁迫后的恢复生长率都高于亲本,恢复能力均优于亲本;M10、M37、M28在-5℃低温胁迫下,恢复生长能力低于亲本,抗寒性相对较弱,M16和M4在0℃和-5℃低温胁迫下,恢复生长率都低于亲本,抗寒性明显弱于亲本。综合2种方法鉴定结果显示:诱变后代M1、M25的恢复能力较强;M4、M28的叶片抗寒性较好,青绿期较长;M22、M18、M26的叶片抗寒性和匍匐茎恢复能力均较强;M29,M31的叶片抗寒性和匍匐茎恢复能力与亲本相似;M10、M16、M37的叶片抗寒性和匍匐茎恢复能力均较弱,整体抗寒性较弱。 相似文献
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