共查询到18条相似文献，搜索用时 218 毫秒
1.
不同优势抗虫棉杂交组合不同生育期基因表达差异初探 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
采用DDRT-PCR技术对3个产量优势差异较大的杂交棉组合及其亲本在4个生育期叶片cDNA进行扩增和差显,结果表明,产量高、中、低优势组合与其亲本基因差异表达比例从蕾期到花铃期总体上呈递减趋势;杂种特异表达在前3个生育期高优势组合高于中或低优势组合,特异表达可能对杂种优势的产生起一定作用;单亲表达一致是基因差异表达中最主要表达模式,但在各生育期高、中、低优势组合之间变化幅度较小,表明此模式可能与杂种优势发挥无明显关系。 相似文献
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为探讨玉米杂种优势形成的分子机理,选用了8个玉米自交系和它们的5个杂交种,采用mRNA差异显示技术分析了杂种和亲本之间抽穗期叶片的基因表达差异模式。结果表明:所选用的杂交种与自交系之间的基因表达模式可以分为5种类型:杂种特异表达型(W1)、单亲显性表达型(W2)、双亲表达沉默型(W3)、单亲沉默表达型(W4)、亲本和杂交种表达一致型(W5),所占比例分别为2.81%,16.92%,11.79%,4.25%和64.23%。还对每种差异表达模式与12个杂种性状表现和中亲优势进行了相关分析。 相似文献
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高丹草是代表性的利用杂种优势的饲用牧草, 本研究以杂种高丹草及其亲本三叶期叶片为试材, 采用双向电泳、质谱技术及生物信息学分析方法, 进行了蛋白质组学研究。凝胶上检测到的可重复蛋白点400多个, 其中杂种与亲本间达到了显著水平的差异蛋白点34个, 包括显性( 单亲沉默3个, 偏高亲表达17个, 偏低亲表达5个)和超显性表达( 特异表达1个, 超高亲表达6个, 超低亲表达2个)模式, 因此推测显性和超显性效应共同促进高丹草杂种优势的形成, 且显性效应作用更大。同时, 成功鉴定出其中的27个蛋白点涉及到8个功能类别, 即：光合作用、碳水化合物代谢、胁迫响应、ATP合成、蛋白质合成、电子转移、信号转导及未知蛋白。高丹草所占比例最大的光合蛋白多数呈上调表达, 表明杂种叶片光合作用增强进而同化更多的有机物是杂种优势形成的主要原因。网络互作的关键节点蛋白为杂种优势特异蛋白的基因操作提供了靶蛋白。本研究在蛋白质水平为高丹草杂种优势分析提供了理论依据, 也为其他饲草作物的相关研究提供了理论参考。 相似文献
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以株高和穗下节间长度表现杂种优势的小麦杂交组合矮9×冀矮8号的杂种及其亲本为材料, 应用cDNA-AFLP技术分析杂种、亲本的穗下节间基因差异表达情况。分离差异表达基因段后, 对其克隆、测序并在GenBank进行Blast-x分析和功能推测, 发现差异表达的基因包括分别受赤霉素和细胞分裂素诱导表达、与细胞分裂有关的基因cdc2和PAS1基因, 它们在小麦杂种节间中分别特异表达和偏高亲表达。另有一个与细胞快速膨大有关的液泡质子泵H+-PPase基因在杂种中偏高亲表达。其他差异表达的基因包括蛋白激酶等与植物信号传递相关基因、与物质代谢相关的基因、参与基因转录调控的基因、与泛素参与的蛋白降解相关的基因等。小麦杂交种与亲本的穗下节间, 大量基因涉及细胞分裂、膨大和物质代谢、转录调控等过程, 初步推测它们的差异表达可能与穗下节间及株高杂种优势形成有关。 相似文献
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【目的】深入研究棉花陆海杂交种纤维品质和产量相关性状杂种优势遗传规律,为培育高产优质陆海杂交种奠定理论基础。【方法】使用12份陆地棉材料和5份海岛棉材料配制陆海杂交种,对海南三亚和浙江临安种植的亲本及F_1进行纤维品质和产量性状测定。【结果】陆海杂交种纤维长度、纤维强度普遍具有显著的中亲优势,部分杂交组合具有较强的超亲优势,纤维长度性状在两地间变异系数较小,可以稳定遗传;在产量方面,部分陆海杂交种籽棉产量、皮棉产量和衣分等性状具有中亲优势,但仍显著低于陆地棉亲本。【结论】获得2个5A级优质长绒棉杂交组合T035和T044,筛选到1个海岛棉骨干亲本塔10-280,可为探讨陆海杂交种棉纤维品质杂种优势遗传规律提供有价值数据。 相似文献
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转Bt基因棉杂种优势及性状配合力研究 总被引：45，自引：19，他引：26
采用NCⅡ设计方法,选用我国构建的Bt(Bacillus thuringiensis)基因棉GK3和美国构建的Bt基因棉新棉33B等Bt基因棉为父本,配制杂交组合,分析了含Bt基因杂交棉组合的性状优势表现及配合力效应。性状优势分析表明,组合的中亲优势和竞争优势明显,皮棉产量中亲优势率达100％,竞争优势率达86．7％,多数品质性状较对照为优,表明转Bt基因棉品系与常规品种间杂种优势利用潜力较大;通径分析表明,在增产因素中,铃重和铃数所起贡献较大;配合力分析表明,父本间和母本间的GCA均方值均达显著或极显著水平,组合的SCA均方值除子、皮棉声量性状外,其余均不显著,在F1性状的遗传中,各性状的加性效应起主导作用;F1的性状表型值与父、母本的GCA呈高度正相关,并达显著水平,表明选配含Bt基因杂交组合时,选择GCA值大的亲本较为可靠。 相似文献
7.
苗期水分胁迫对玉米根系生长杂种优势的影响 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
以玉米杂交种高油115及其亲本(母本220、父本1145) 为材料, 研究了玉米苗期根系生长的杂种优势及水分胁迫的影响。试验设水分充足、轻度干旱和严重干旱3个处理, 田间持水量分别为75%、55%和35%。结果表明, 在水分充足条件下, 根长(RL)、根表面积(SA)和根干重(RDW)均表现出不同程度的中亲优势和超亲优势, 轻度干旱显著降低了各指标的杂种优势, 而严重干旱则完全抑制了根系生长的杂种优势。根系各性状中, RL的杂种优势最强。在水分充足条件下, 与中等根(根直径0.25~0.45 mm)和粗根(根直径>0.45 mm)相比, 细根(根直径0.05~0.20 mm)的RL、SA及其占总根系比例的杂种优势最高。轻度干旱胁迫虽然降低了根系的杂种优势, 但RL、SA仍表现出显著的超亲优势和中亲优势(粗根的超亲优势除外)。此外, 只有细根RL和SA占总根系的比例在轻度干旱胁迫下具有显著的中亲优势, 说明杂交种可以通过生成较亲本更高比例的细根来抵抗轻度干旱胁迫。 相似文献
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选用12份不同来源的陆地棉为亲本材料,按照NCⅡ不完全双列杂交设计配置32 (4×8)份杂交组合,对亲本及F1代的13个主要农艺性状和品质性状的遗传效应、配合力和杂种优势进行统计分析。结果表明,陆地棉杂交组合间存在显著的遗传差异。籽棉产量、皮棉产量、铃重、衣分、纤维长度、比强度、马克隆值、伸长率同时受基因加性效应和非加性效应共同影响,单株铃数以基因加性效应为主,株高、始果节位、始果节高、整齐度以基因非加性效应为主;W1 (LZD)为大铃丰产亲本,L2 (辽棉43)为高衣分丰产亲本,W6 (19-ZHGC)、W7 (中91)为优质亲本,L2 (辽棉43)和W2 (新石K28)为各性状均表现较好的优良亲本;组合W1×L1 (LZD×辽棉38)、W5×L3 (惠远720×辽棉27)具有较大的育成品种的潜力;多数性状杂种优势明显,其中以皮棉产量和籽棉产量的竞争优势最大,分别达到15.5%和10.5%,纤维长度和断裂比强度平均竞争优势分别为5.7%、5.3%。由此表明,杂种优势利用可以有效提高棉花产量、改进纤维品质。 相似文献
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为了解新疆AL型三系杂交小麦亲本间配合力及其杂种优势关系,利用稳定不育系8份,恢复力强的恢复系9份,按照NCⅡ不完全双列杂交(8×9)设计配制72个F1杂交组合,对亲本及杂交组合的7个农艺性状进行配合力效应和杂种优势分析,再根据亲本性状和一般配合力划分杂种优势类群。结果表明,三系小麦杂交组合中普遍存在产量和产量性状杂种优势,针对强优势组合的亲本选择,双亲之一一般配合力(GCA)或双亲GCA之和为正值且相对较大;相关性分析表明,中亲优势与父本和母本GCA值之和呈极显著正相关,父本和母本的GCA相关性大于特殊配合力(SCA)相关性。针对6个性状的GCA效应值和性状表型值分别进行聚类分析表明,配合力距离远的亲本组配可能出现强优势杂交组合的几率较大,性状表型值距离较远的两个亲本同一性状之间的优势互补也可以在后代中表现出较强的杂种优势。将17个亲本划分为4个和5个类群,为后续AL型杂交小麦强优势杂交组合的配制提供了依据。 相似文献
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以玉米子粒高锌铁含量自交系NXR22（母本）、子粒低锌铁含量自交系NXR12（父本）及其配制的杂交种（F1）为供试材料,比较双亲及其后代不同穗位的叶片、茎秆及子粒中锌和铁含量、积累量在吐丝期与成熟期间的差异,解析亲子代锌铁吸收与分配特征。研究结果表明:不同基因型玉米叶片、茎秆、子粒中锌铁含量和积累量存在显著差异。F1不同穗位的叶片和茎秆锌铁含量介于双亲之间,且偏向于子粒锌铁含量高的亲本;锌铁积累量显著高于双亲,表现出明显的杂种优势。从吐丝期到成熟期3个供试材料不同穗位的叶片和茎秆锌铁含量和积累量均表现出一定程度的增加。F1子粒中锌含量及积累量偏向于母本,表现出杂种优势;铁含量介于双亲之间,更偏向于母本。 相似文献
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Differential gene expression between wheat hybrids and their parental inbreds in seedling leaves 总被引：33，自引：0，他引：33
Differential display of mRNA was used to analyze the differences of gene expression in seedling leaves between heterotic hybrid/nonheterotic
hybrid and their parental inbreds in order to study the molecular basis of heterosis in wheat. The results indicated that
patterns of gene expression in hybrids differ significantly from their parents. Both quantitative and qualitative differences
were observed. The quantitative differences include gene over-expression, gene under-expression in hybrid and dominant expression
of highly-expressed parental genes in hybrids. The qualitative differences include silencing in hybrids of genes expressed
either in male or female parent, and silencing in hybrids of genes expressed in both parents. Expression in hybrid of genes
only expressed either in male or female parent was also observed. It was also found that some genes expressed at high level
in heterotic hybrid were underexpressed or expressed at low level in nonheterotic hybrid. One differentially expressed cDNA
fragment 4B was cloned and sequenced after being confirmed through Northern blot analysis. Homology search in GenBank proved
that the cDNA fragment is a new sequence. The selection of primers for differential RNA display in wheat and the relationship
between wheat heterosis and alteration of gene expression in hybrids as compared to their parental inbreds were also discussed.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
13.
Heterosis in yield, endotoxin expression and some physiological parameters in Bt transgenic cotton 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
Although heterosis in cotton has been studied for many decades, very little is known about the performance of hybrids derived from Bt transgenic cotton parents. In order to known better the heterosis performance, yield and endotoxin expression in 20 hybrids (F1) and their Bt transgenic parents were examined from 2002 to 2003 (Experiment 1), and the dynamics of source, sink and their ratios in a well‐performing hybrid H01 were investigated in 2004 and 2005 (Experiment 2). Results in Experiment 1 showed an average mid‐parent heterosis of 21.3% and an over check heterosis of 7.6% in lint yield. Considerable heterosis was also detected in boll numbers, boll size and Bt protein content. Of the 20 hybrids, H01 (K0215 × K643) exhibited the greatest heterosis in yield and Bt protein content in 2002 and 2003, while lint yields of H01 were increased 12.6% and 9.1% in 2004, and 11.7% and 8.9% in 2005, compared with K0215 and K643 in Experiment 2, respectively. Significant heterosis for dry matter accumulation and dry matter allocation to reproductive organs and ratio of fruiting forms/total plant (w/w) were also detected in H01. Sources (leaf area, leaf area index, leaf dry weight per plant and diurnal performance of photosynthesis), sinks (number of fruiting nodes, fruiting forms and dry weight of fruiting forms per plant) and the flow from source to sink were significantly enhanced in H01 relative to its parents. Both total N and Bt protein in H01 were higher than those in its parents. Significant correlation was also found between total N and Bt protein in the main‐stem leaves (R2 = 0.877**). It is concluded that there existed considerable heterosis in yield, yield components and endotoxin expression in some Bt transgenic hybrids. Yield advantage of hybrid cotton (F1) over parents can be attributed to improved source, sink and flow, while the enforced expression of Bt genes in hybrid cotton appeared to be due to the enhanced nitrogen level in plants. 相似文献
14.
棉花杂种优势与几种生理生化指标的相关性 总被引：12，自引：0，他引：12
对８个陆地棉杂种及其亲本的四种生理生化指标进行了测定，并研究了这些指标与杂种产量优势的相关性，结果表明：幼芽匀浆互补法对Ｆ１皮棉超亲优势、中亲优势的预测相符率分别为８７．５％和７５．０％；杂种萌动种子ＡＴＰ含量普遍高于双亲平均值。超亲优势、中亲优势与杂种ＡＴＰ含量及双亲ＡＴＰ含量的平均值均呈正相关，且中亲优势与杂种ＡＴＰ含量相关显著（ｒ＝０．７１８８，Ｐ〈０．０５）；杂种产量优势与盛蕾期、盛花期的 相似文献
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Li Tengyu Xu Chao Li Yaoming Gou Chengfei Hong Zhu Ding Mingquan Sun Chendong 《棉花学报》2013,32(4):348-359
[Objective] The aim of this study is to study the hereditary of heterosis of fiber quality and yield-related traits in the upland-island interspecific hybrids, and breed new interspecific hybrid varieties with high yield and fine fiber quality. [Method] In this study, 12 upland cotton materials and 5 sea-island cotton materials were selected to determine the fiber quality and yield traits of their parents and F1 in Lin’an, Zhejiang and Sanya, Hainan. [Result] It was found that fiber length and fiber strength of F1 (Gossypium hirsutum × G. barbadense) generally had significant mid-parent heterosis (MPH), some hybrid combinations showed strong over-parent heterosis (OPH), fiber length had a small coefficient of variation between the two places and could be stably inherited. And in terms of yield, seed cotton weight, lint weight, and lint percentage of some upland-island hybrids had MPH, but they were still significantly lower than those of upland cotton parents. [Conclusion] Two long-staple cotton hybrid combinations T035 and T044 with 5A grade high-quality were obtained, and an excellent material of G. barbadense Ta10-280 was screened. This study provides valuable data for the genetic law of fiber quality heterosis of upland-island hybrid cotton. 相似文献
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玉米杂种优势的研究对于提高玉米产量和品质有重要意义。对2013年海南三亚种植收获的89份温带自交系、59份热带/亚热带自交系和由这148份自交系随机组配的179份杂交组合进行当代子粒性状的测定。分析了温带玉米与热带/亚热带玉米自交系子粒性状的多样性与差异性,同时依据亲本来源的不同,探索了不同组合的杂交当代子粒性状的差异性。结果表明：温带来源的玉米自交系粒长和百粒重比热带/亚热带材料的粒长和百粒重显著偏长偏重;不同来源的自交系组配的杂交当代F1,母本来源于温带的杂交当代F1粒长显著长于母本来源于热带/亚热带材料;杂种优势分析结果说明,杂交当代F1在粒厚和百粒重性状上表现的相对高亲和相对中亲优势强于粒长和粒宽。 相似文献
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转Bt抗虫棉与常规棉品种间配合力分析及杂种优势研究 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3
利用6个抗虫棉品种作母本,4个常规品种作父本,按NCⅡ设计,对24个组合的杂种F1进行了分析。结果表明,杂种F1具有明显的优势,所研究的13个性状全部具有中亲优势,9个性状具有高亲优势,11个性状具有竞争优势。配合力分析的10个性状中单株铃数、铃重、纤维长度、纤维伸长率和麦克隆值主要受基因的加性效应控制,而子棉产量和皮棉产量主要受基因的非加性效应影响。鲁棉研17是优良的抗虫棉亲本,而冀棉12 是良好的非抗虫棉亲本,组合鲁棉研17×中棉所12在重要农艺性状上优势明显,相对而言纤维品质的改良较难。 相似文献