10个新疆梨品种开花生物学及果实品质特征研究     

杜润清  曼苏尔·那斯尔  章世奎  周伟权  阿布来克·尼牙孜  廖康 《中国果树》2020,(2):10-15

了解新疆梨品种的开花生物学及果实品质特征,为其合理利用提供数据参考。在10个新疆梨品种的生殖生长期,对开花物候期、花部特性、花粉特性及果实品质特性等进行测定对比分析。结果表明:除‘艾温切克’‘库尔勒黄酸梨’外,其他8个品种花期一致,但果实成熟期有明显差异;‘库尔勒香梨’与其他品种的花器官特征无明显差异;‘绿梨’‘阿克苏句句梨’的花粉活力较强、单花药花粉量较多;‘艾温切克’‘绿梨’等4个品种的单果重较大,显著大于‘库尔勒香梨’;‘艾温切克’的果实硬度最小,与‘库尔勒香梨’无显著差异;‘艾温切克’‘绿梨’的可溶性糖、可溶性固形物、维生素C含量均较高,与‘库尔勒香梨’无显著差异或显著高于‘库尔勒香梨’。综上,‘绿梨’‘阿克苏句句梨’的花期与‘库尔勒香梨’重叠,花粉量较多、萌发率最高,花器官特征与‘库尔勒香梨’接近,可作‘库尔勒香梨’的备选授粉树;‘艾温切克’‘绿梨’的果实品质及口感好、果实成熟期早,且果皮颜色与其他品种有明显差异,可作为优良育种材料。  相似文献   

新疆梨品种与‘库尔勒香梨’授粉亲和性及花粉直感     

曼苏尔·那斯尔  杜润清  陈湘颖  周伟权  牛莹莹  阿布来克·尼牙孜  廖康 《果树学报》2019,(4)

【目的】探明新疆梨品种与‘库尔勒香梨’的授粉亲和性和花粉直感。【方法】以9个新疆梨品种和‘砀山酥梨’为‘库尔勒香梨’授粉树,对其花粉萌发伸长、坐果率、果实品质等进行研究。【结果】‘库尔勒香梨’与‘绿梨’和‘砀山酥梨’授粉亲和性最好,亲和性与单果质量呈正相关,与果形指数呈负相关‘。库车阿木特‘’艾温切克’和‘绿梨’授粉单果质量最大‘;砀山酥梨‘’绿梨’和‘阿克苏句句梨’授粉果形指数最小‘;绿梨’授粉果实硬度最小‘;库车阿木特’和‘库尔勒黄酸梨’授粉糖酸比最高‘;库车阿木特’授粉可溶性固形物含量最高‘;库尔勒香梨’自花和‘阿克苏句句梨’授粉维生素C含量最高‘;绿梨’和‘砀山酥梨’授粉正常种子数最多,种子数与其果形指数呈显著负相关。【结论‘】绿梨’与‘库尔勒香梨’的亲和性高,单果质量最大、果实硬度最小,糖酸比、可溶性固形物和维生素C含量适中,适宜作为‘库尔勒香梨’授粉品种。  相似文献   

京白梨等品种S 基因型鉴定及新基因S₂₈ 和S₃₀ 的核苷酸序列分析   总被引：8，自引：3，他引：8  

张妤艳  吴俊  衡伟  张绍铃 《园艺学报》2006,33(3):496-500

 根据梨S基因高度保守区C1和C3区, 设计1对引物P1和P2, 对梨品种的基因组DNA进行S基因特异扩增、克隆、测序, 并在GenBank中BLAST比较, 确定S 基因特异性片段, 对京白梨等6个供试自交不亲和品种的S基因型比对结果为: 白梨中的‘库尔勒香梨’为S₂₁ S₂₈ , ‘苹果梨’为S₁₇S₁₉ ; 砂梨中的‘台湾蜜梨’为S₁₁ S₂₂ ; 西洋梨中的‘葫芦梨’为S_a S_b; 秋子梨中的‘京白’为S₁₆ S₃₀ , ‘早梨18’为S₄ S₂₈。其中S₂₈和S₃₀为首次登录的新S 基因, 在GenBank的登录号分别为AY562394 (库尔勒香梨) 和AY876945 (京白) 。  相似文献   

‘库尔勒香梨’PsPL基因的克隆与表达分析     

《果树学报》2015,(6)

【目的】分离和克隆‘库尔勒香梨’(Pyrus sinkiangensis Yu)果胶裂解酶(pectate lyase,PL)基因Ps PL,了解其在香梨果实不同时期转录水平上的表达差异,为香梨果实成熟软化机制研究提供理论依据。【方法】以‘库尔勒香梨’果肉组织为试验材料,通过RT-PCR和RACE技术得到Ps PL c DNA全长序列,并利用生物信息学方法对其进行分析和功能预测。运用实时荧光定量(q RT-PCR)技术,分析Ps PL基因在香梨果实生长发育后期及货架期的表达特性和差异。【结果】Ps PL基因c DNA全长序列为1 245 bp,Gen Bank收录号为KJ547669,该基因共编码414个氨基酸,属于果胶裂解酶家族基因,与其他植物PL基因编码的氨基酸序列有较高的同源性,与苹果同源性最高,达到97%;Ps PL在不同时期香梨果实中的表达差异很大,在生长发育后期表达量很低,盛花后150 d表达量最高。【结论】同源克隆了‘库尔勒香梨’Ps PL基因,可能在该梨果实软化过程中起到作用。  相似文献   

贮藏方式对'新梨7号'库尔勒香梨'品质的影响     

李兰婷  段黄金  张琦  张蒙蒙 《北方果树》2017,(4)

以‘库尔勒香梨’和‘新梨7号’为试材,研究采后果实在室温和冷藏条件下各项生理指标的变化。结果表明,采摘时‘库尔勒香梨’的硬度,可溶性固形物、可溶性糖、有机酸、叶绿素含量均低于‘新梨7号’;冷藏环境下‘新梨7号’与‘库尔勒香梨’的果实品质得到更好的保持,‘新梨7号’与‘库尔勒香梨’各项生理指标变化趋势一致。  相似文献   

不同贮藏方式对梨果皮组织结构的影响     

《果树学报》2016,(Z1)

【目的】探讨‘库尔勒香梨’和‘新梨七号’果实采后贮藏5个月果皮组织结构变化。【方法】以‘库尔勒香梨’‘新梨七号’为研究对象,在室内、果窖、冷库、冰箱、冰柜贮藏条件下存放5个月,应用组织切片技术分析果皮组织结构的变化。【结果】‘库尔勒香梨’‘新梨七号’果皮组织结构由蜡质层、角质层、表皮细胞、亚表皮细胞构成,‘新梨七号’较‘库尔勒香梨’细胞排列紧密,细胞间隙小,表皮细胞和亚表皮细胞横径大,蜡质层厚,表现耐贮藏;‘新梨七号’亚表皮有2~3层细胞,‘库尔勒香梨’亚表皮有3~4层细胞,‘库尔勒香梨’果皮厚度显著大于‘新梨七号’。不同贮藏方式贮藏5个月后‘库尔勒香梨’‘新梨7号’果实的角质层、蜡质层、果皮厚度和表皮细胞、亚表皮层大小存在显著或极显著的差异。室内贮藏‘库尔勒香梨’和‘新梨7号’的果皮蜡质层、角质层增厚,显著高于其他处理,表皮细胞横径和亚表皮细胞横径显著变薄。室内、果窖和低温贮藏果皮组织结构差异明显。‘新梨七号’蜡质层、角质层、果皮厚度均小于‘库尔勒香梨’。【结论】不同贮藏方式下,‘库尔勒香梨’和‘新梨七号’的果皮组织结构差异明显;蜡质层、角质层和亚表皮细胞横径变化显著;‘新梨七号’耐贮藏。  相似文献   

优质梨新品种引种筛选试验初报     

李林  苏柳云 《北方果树》2013,(6):5-7

作者对引进的28个梨品种（系）进行了3年（2011—2013年）的观察、研究和筛选,内容包括各品种的植物学特征、生长结果习性、果实经济性状、物候期、抗逆性等,以‘库尔勒香梨’为对照。在本地的自然条件下,通过综合性状的比较,从中筛选出一批适宜本地自然条件并且综合性状优良的品种,其中‘黄冠’‘红酥脆’‘黄金梨’‘早冠’‘玉露香’‘中梨2号’等表现十分突出,可以作为‘库尔勒香梨’的后续或补充品种,丰富我区梨品种资源。  相似文献   

我国20个梨品种(种质)对国外梨火疫病菌的抗病性评价   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

李洪涛  张静文  盛强  唐章虎  张祥林  张春竹  罗明 《果树学报》2019,(5)

【目的】选取Erwinia amylovora国外菌株及国内梨品种(种质),经室内接种,评价不同菌株的致病力及梨品种的抗病性,为研究梨火疫病防控技术提供技术资料。【方法】对供试的梨品种(种质)枝条采用离体接种、梨幼果半果接种法,比较3个不同来源的国外菌株E.a 0001、E.a 0017、E.a 0055的致病力。通过离体枝条接种强致病力菌株E.a0017,结合实时荧光PCR定量检测病原菌数量,制定梨品种抗病性分级指标,综合评估梨品种的抗病水平。【结果】3个菌株对供试梨品种枝条均具有致病力,对‘库尔勒香梨‘’砀山梨‘’黑酸梨’、杜梨具有强致病力,对‘库尔勒香梨’的致病力最强;综合对梨枝条接种的病情指数均值,其致病力的强弱依次为E.a 0001E.a 0055E.a 0017。E.a 0017菌株对梨幼果的致病力较E.a 0001和E.a 0055强,而E.a 0001和E.a 0055对幼果的致病力相近。供试的20个梨品种(种质)对Erwinia amylovora的抗性水平普遍较低,其中14个品种都不同程度感病(占70%),没有发现高抗品种,2个表现出抗病性和4个具有耐病性的品种均为我国的地方品种。【结论】3个E. amylovora菌株对供试梨品种(种质)均具有强和较强的致病力。供试梨品种(种质)中‘,晋酥‘’绿梨’表现抗病性‘,霍城冬黄梨‘’八月酥‘’库车阿木特‘’棉梨’表现出耐病性,其他均为感病品种。  相似文献   

不同授粉品种对‘鸭梨’鸭突及幼果基部内源激素含量的影响     

《果树学报》2020,(8)

【目的】研究不同品种花粉授粉对鸭梨幼果基部内源激素水平的影响,探究影响鸭突形成与发育的关键因子。【方法】以30 a(年)生‘鸭梨’(Pyrus bretschneideri‘Yali’)为试材,用‘脆梨‘’库尔勒香梨’和‘雪花梨’花粉进行人工授粉,在果实成熟期调查了果实鸭突率和鸭突类型组成,在授粉后10 d、20 d和35 d测定了幼果基部组织内源激素含量。【结果】采用不同梨品种花粉授粉显著影响‘鸭梨’鸭突发生率及鸭突类型组成。以‘脆梨’和‘库尔勒香梨’花粉授粉结实果实的鸭突率分别为100%和84.9%(2016)、99.8%和100%(2017),显著高于以‘雪花梨’花粉授粉结实果实的鸭突率66.7%(2016)和60.7%(2017);以‘脆梨’花粉授粉结实果实鸭突类型中典型鸭突占比较高,达95.4%(2016)和92.2%(2017),显著高于以‘库尔勒香梨’(54.2%(2016)和63.5%(2017))‘、雪花梨’(46.7%(2016)和50.0%(2017))花粉授粉结实果实典型鸭突率。在幼果发育早期,以‘脆梨’和‘库尔勒香梨’花粉授粉结实的鸭梨幼果基部组织含有相对较高的GA_3、ZR含量,较低的ABA含量,而IAA含量基本无差异‘;脆梨’花粉授粉在提高幼果基部促生长类激素含量和降低ABA含量的效应最强,其次为‘库尔勒香梨’和‘雪花梨’花粉授粉。【结论】不同梨品种花粉授粉影响‘鸭梨’鸭突发生率和鸭突类型组成,鸭突的形成和发育受内源激素调控,幼果基部高水平GA_3和ZR,低水平ABA促进鸭突形成与发育。  相似文献   

‘库尔勒香梨’kfpNAC基因的克隆和表达分析     

《果树学报》2016,(5)

【目的】筛选‘库尔勒香梨’萼片脱落与宿存相关基因,研究其在脱萼组和宿萼组样品中的表达情况。【方法】以‘库尔勒香梨’脱萼和宿萼花器官转录组测序数据为基础,从Unigenes中选出一条转录组和数字表达谱测序结果共有的与萼片脱落相关的具有NAC结构域的差异基因,命名为kfpNAC,对其进行生物信息学分析,并通过实时荧光定量PCR分析其在花期不同阶段不同器官中的表达量。【结果】kfpNAC的序列长度是1 612 bp,包含一个编码308个氨基酸的长度为927 bp的开放阅读框(ORF),一个294 bp的5’端非编码区和一个391 bp的3’端非编码区,并且在3’端非编码区有一个poly A结构。‘库尔勒香梨’kfpNAC核酸和氨基酸序列与其他植物的NAC基因具有高度的同源性。实时荧光定量结果显示其在盛花期脱萼组全花样品中的表达量显著高于宿萼组全花和子房,并且在盛花期子房中的表达量显著高于萼片。【结论】克隆和鉴定了一个新的‘库尔勒香梨’kfpNAC基因,属于NAC基因家族的NAM亚群,该基因与‘库尔勒香梨’萼片脱落密切相关。  相似文献   

Ergebnisse der Leistungsprüfungen der Süßkirschensorte ‚Stella‘ auf Gisela- und Weiroot-Unterlagen in Bulgarien     

Dr. V. Lichev  C. Lankes 《Erwerbs-Obstbau》2004,46(3):65-73

Zusammenfassung Die Leistungsprüfungen wurden im Zeitraum 1997 bis 2003 mit den Unterlagen Gisela 4 und 5, den Klonnummern 195/20 und 497/8 aus der Gisela-Serie sowie Weiroot 10, 13, 53, 72 und 158 durchgeführt. Dabei dienten Sämlinge von P1 (bulgarische Selektion aus Prunus mahaleb) als Kontrolle. Alle Unterlagen waren mit der Sorte Stella veredelt und im Dezember 1996 in der Versuchsanlage der Agraruniversität in Plovdiv, Bulgarien, im Abstand von 6 m×4,5 m gepflanzt worden. Dabei erfolgte ein Pflanzschnitt. Nach Abschluss der natürlichen Kronenentwicklung wurde jedes Jahr ein Winterschnitt vorgenommen. Der Boden wurde durch mechanische Bearbeitung offen gehalten und nach dem 4. Standjahr wurden die Baumstreifen mit Herbiziden behandelt. Die Wasserversorgung erfolgte durch eine dem natürlichen Gefälle folgende Überflutung, allerdings nicht immer zum optimalen Zeitpunkt, da keine eigene Wasserquelle zur Verfügung stand.Basierend auf den Ergebnissen bis zum Anfang des 7. Standjahres können die untersuchten Unterlagen in zwei Gruppen differenziert werden: starkwüchsig—Weiroot 10, P1 und Weiroot 13; mittelstarkwachsend bis schwachwüchsig—Gi 497/8, Gisela 4, Weiroot 53, Weiroot 158, Gi 195/20, Weiroot 72 und Gisela 5. Letztere zeichnete sich durch besondere Schwachwüchsigkeit aus. Die meisten Wurzelschosser bildeten Gisela 4, Weiroot 10 und Weiroot 13. Weiroot 53, Weiroot 72 und Weiroot 158 entwickelten deutlich weniger und P1, Gisela 5, Gi 195/20 sowie Gi 497/8 keine Wurzelschosser. Den frühesten Blühbeginn induzierte Gisela 4. Die anderen Unterlagen führten, in Abhängigkeit von den Temperaturbedingungen des jeweiligen Jahres, zu einer Verspätung der Blüte: P1 und Weiroot 10 um 1–2 Tage; Gi 497/8, Weiroot 13 und Weiroot 158 um 2–4 Tage; Weiroot 72 um 2–7 Tage; Gi 195/20 um 3–6 Tage; Weiroot 53 um 3–8 Tage und Gisela 5 um 3–10 Tage. Die Reifezeit der Früchte war bei den Bäumen auf Gisela 5 im Vergleich zu den anderen Varianten um 2–3 Tage verspätet. Gisela 5, Weiroot 72 und Gisela 4 induzierten bei der aufveredelten Sorte die höchsten Ertragsleistungen, P1 die geringsten. Bei den Bäumen auf Gisela 5 war die Fruchtgröße geringer als bei den anderen Unterlagen. Bäume auf Gisela 5 brauchen intensive Pflege. Nur wenn alle Produktionsfaktoren und kulturtechnischen Maßnahmen optimiert werden, kann das hohe Ertragspotenzial dieser Unterlage ausgeschöpft werden.  相似文献   

Effects of radiation from ¹⁸⁸Re on smooth muscle cell proliferation     

REN Xiao-qing  HUANG Ding-jiu  HUANG Gang  MAO Jia-liang 《园艺学报》2001,17(12):1156-1159

AIM: Although endovascular radiotherapy inhibits neointimal hyperplasia, the exact alterations induced by β-particles irradiation remain to be elucidated. The objective of this study was to investigate the ability and the cellular mechanism of local β^-particles emission from ¹⁸⁸Re to inhibit vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs). METHODS: The SMCs in vitro were irradiated by ¹⁸⁸Re with single doses of 2.6 Gy-25.8 Gy. The effects of β-particles on SMCs, such as effective irradiate doses, the period of inhibition for SMCs proliferation, the changes of cell proliferation rate and DNA synthesis rate, cell cycle progression and related gene expression, were investigated by cell count, [³H]-TdR incorporation, cell cycle progression analysis, cell viability and immunocytochemistry, respectivecy. RESULTS: β-particles irradiation with dose of 5.2 Gy could inhibit significantly SMCs proliferation. At dose of 20.6 Gy DNA synthesis inhibitory rate was 92%, SMCs proliferation rate was only 3%. Renoval of ¹⁸⁸Re did not abolish the inhibitory effects of β-particles on SMCs proliferation. The expression of P53 was up regulation and PCNA was down regulation after irradiation. CONCLUSION: β-particles from ¹⁸⁸ Re was significantly effective and permanent in inhibiting SMCs proliferation, and inhibitory effect was in dose-dependet manner ED50was 5 Gy, the best dose to inhibit SMCs proliferation was 20 Gy. β-particles irradiation induced SMCs to occur G₀/G₁ arrest, damaged the ability of SMCs reproliferation and led to cell clonogenic death. P53 and PCNA had regulatiory effects on SMCs proliferation after β-particles irradiation.  相似文献   

Effect of L-Arg on plasma content of endothelin and expression of c-fos mRNA in the left ventricle of rats with renovascular hypertensive hypertrophy     

YIN Shi-hua  XIAO Li-xin  HUA Chang-lin  WEI Jin-bo 《园艺学报》2001,17(6):542-545

AIM:To study the effect of L-Arg on plasma content of endothelin (ET) and the expression of proto-oncogene c-fos mRNA in the left ventricle of rats with renovascular hypertensive hypertrophy. METHODS: The level of c-fos mRNA were measured by in situ hybridization. The ET in plasma were measured by radioimmunoassay. RESULTS:After eight weeks of treatment with L-Arg, the expression of c-fos decreased markedly (P＜0.01). The ET content in plasma also decreased significantly by L-Arg(P＜0.01).CONCLUSION: Plasma ET content and the expression of c-fos in the left ventricle of rats with renovascular hypertensive hypertrophy could be decreased by L-Arg administration.  相似文献   

Effect of puerarin on pulmonary arterioles wall collagen metabolism of chronic hypoxia hypercapnia rats     

GONG Yong-sheng  LI Ji-wu  YANG Peng-lin  FAN Xiao-fang  HU Liang-gang  ZHENG Lü-zhen  JIANG Zhong-sun 《园艺学报》2003,19(9):1261-1264

AIM:To investigate the effect of puerarin on pulmonary vessel collagen metabolism in pulmonary hypertension rats induced by chronic hypoxia and hypercapnia.METHODS:Collagen Ⅰ, Ⅲ and their mRNA were observed in pulmonary arterioles by the technique of immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization.RESULTS:① Light microscopy showed media thickness of pulmonary arterioles was much higher in HH(hypoxic-hypercapnia) group than that of NC(normal control) group, and, vessel cavity turned more straiter in HH group than that of NC group.However, the damage of pulmonary arterioles in HP(hypoxic-pueratin) group was much slighter than that of HH group. ② The levels of plasma ET-1 and lung homogenates Hyr were much higher in HH group than those of NC group(P＜0.01), and lower in HP group than HH groups(P＜0.01).Plasma NO content in group HH was lower than that of group NC(P＜0.01), it was higher in group HP than that of group HH(P＜0.01).③Expression of collagen Ⅰ and collagen Ⅰ mRNA in pulmonary arterioles were significantly higher in HH groups than those of NC group (P＜0.01), and they were lower in HP group than those of HH group (P＜0.01).Expression of collagen Ⅲ and collagen Ⅲ mRNA showed no difference among three groups(P＞0.05).CONCLUSION:Puerarin inhibited the deposition of collagen and improved pulmonary vessel remodeling.  相似文献   

Relationship between renal hypertension and cardiac α₁-adrenoceptor autoantibodies in rats     

ZHI Jian-ming  CHEN Rong-fang  ZHAO Lu-ying  ZHAO Rong-rui 《园艺学报》2003,19(2):244-248

AIM: To examine the autoantibody against α₁-adrenoceptor and its biologic activities during the development of renal hypertension. METHODS: Renal hypertension of rat was achieved by clipped renal artery, the titre of autoantibody to α₁-adrenoceptor was detected using ELISA immunoassay. Furthermore, the biological offects of these autoantibodies on cultured cardiomyocytes were also examined. RESULTS: After two weeks of clipping renal arteries, both the frequency of occurrence and the titre of autoantibodies to cardiac α₁-adrenergic receptor were significantly increased as compared with the control of pre-treatment. The increased autoantibodies lasted for several weeks and then automatically decreased gradually to the pre-clipping level at 12 weeks. The biological effects of these autoantibodies displayed an "agonistic-like" activities on the beating frequency of cultured neonatal cardiomyocytes. CONCLUSION: Autoantibodies against α₁-adrenoceptor may play a role in the elevation of peripheral vascular resistance and in the development of cardiac hypertrophy in rats with renal hypertension.  相似文献   

Compositional and Functional Properties of Saskatoon Berry and Blueberry     

《International Journal of Fruit Science》2013,13(3):101-120

Abstract

Saskatoon berry (Amelanchier alnifolia Nutt., Rosaceae) and blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L., Ericaceae) are substantially equivalent in all characteristics that are important to the consumer, including fruit color, shape, size, nutrition, texture, and uses. In addition, both fruits are native to North America and they have practically identical historical uses and known health benefits. Their composition, processing, nutritional value and metabolism, intended uses, and levels of undesirable substances are compared.  相似文献   

Cryopreservation of shoot apices of hawthorn in vitro cultures originating from East Asia     

D. Kami  L. Shi  T. Sato  T. Suzuki  K. Oosawa 《Scientia Horticulturae》2009

The objective of this study was to establish a cryopreservation protocol for hawthorn shoot apices (Crataegus pinnatifida Bge.). Cryopreservation was carried out via encapsulation–dehydration, vitrification, and encapsulation–vitrification on shoot apices excised from in vitro cultures. We began by showing that cold-acclimation enhanced the regrowth of cryopreserved apices from 10.0 to 65.5% in encapsulation–dehydration. We then decided that the encapsulation–dehydration method was an optimal cryopreservation method for hawthorn shoot apices in terms of its high recovery after cryopreservation as well as its ease of use compared with vitrification and encapsulation–vitrification. In encapsulation–dehydration, the protocol leading to optimal regrowth was as follows: after cold-acclimation at 5 °C in the dark for 2 weeks, excised shoot tips were pretreated for 24 h at 25 °C on hormone-free Murashige and Skoog [Murashige, T., Skoog, F., 1962. A revised medium for rapid growth and bioassays with tobacco tissue culture. Physiol. Plant. 15, 473–497] (MS) basal medium with 0.4 mol/L sucrose, then encapsulated and precultured in liquid MS medium with 0.8 mol/L sucrose for 16 h at 25 °C. Precultured beads were dehydrated for 6 h at 25 °C in the dessicator containing 50 g silica gel to a moisture content of 15.3% (fresh-weight basis) before cryostorage for 1 h. In addition, we examined the effect of adding glycerol to both the alginate beads and loading solution to enhance regrowth after cryopreservation in encapsulation–dehydration. In the present study, it was shown that adding 0.5 mol/L glycerol resulted in high regrowth percentages (82.5–90.0%) in four Crataegus species.  相似文献   

Influence of Mineral Nutrients on Strawberry Fruit Quality and Their Accumulation in Plant Organs     

《International Journal of Fruit Science》2013,13(1):139-156

Abstract

This review is based partly on complete articles and partly on abstracts. Three of the 60 articles deal with the total uptake of elements in strawberry plant organs in two different strawberry production systems, both considered as optimal concerning amount and balance of elements. The effect on fruit quality may be dramatic if the level of a particular element is outside this range, but there may also be effects initiated by differences within the optimal range of elements. Most articles refer to product oriented quality, but some focus on consumer oriented quality, as discussed by Shewfelt (1999). The discussion here is on a general basis, so one should keep in mind that there are cultivar differences and that specification of nutrition ideally should mirror the needs of a single cultivar, or a group of cultivars with similar requirements. Also, to get a complete understanding of the subject future reviews should embrace a broader access of information including the effect on plant development of individual elements, such as the role of calcium in fruit firmness and its importance in cell wall structure. However, the intention here is to narrow the information to results that suggest a direct connection between nutrient uptake and fruit quality.  相似文献   

Multi-scale landscape and seascape patterns associated with marbled murrelet nesting areas on the U.S. west coast     

Meyer  Carolyn B.  Miller  Sherri L.  Ralph  C. John 《Landscape Ecology》2002,17(2):95-115

Habitat for wide-ranging species should be addressed at multiple scales to fully understand factors that limit populations. The marbled murrelet (Brachyramphus marmoratus), a threatened seabird, forages on the ocean and nests inland in large trees. We developed statistical relationships between murrelet use (occupancy and abundance) and habitat variables quantified across many spatial scales (statewide to local) and two time periods in California and southern Oregon, USA. We also addressed (1) if old-growth forest fragmentation was negatively associated with murrelet use, and (2) if some nesting areas are more important than others due to their proximity to high quality marine habitat. Most landscapes used for nesting were restricted to low elevation areas with frequent fog. Birds were most abundant in unfragmented old-growth forests located within a matrix of mature second-growth forest. Murrelets were less likely to occupy old-growth habitat if it was isolated (> 5 km) from other nesting murrelets. We found a time lag in response to fragmentation, where at least a few years were required before birds abandoned fragmented forests. Compared to landscapes with little tono murrelet use, landscapes with many murrelets were closer to the ocean's bays, river mouths, sandy shores, submarine canyons, and marine waters with consistently high primary productivity. Within local landscapes (≤ 800ha), inland factors limited bird abundance, but at the broadest landscape scale studied (3200 ha), proximity to marine habitat was most limiting. Management should focus on protecting or creating large, contiguous old-growth forest stands, especially in low-elevation areas near productive marine habitat. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.  相似文献   

Role of cyclic nucleotides in the acute hypoxic responses of hypoxic subcultured porcine pulmonary arterial smooth muscle and endothelial cells     

ZENG Qing  JIN Xian-rong  WANG Di-xun  HONG Zhi-gang  HAO Tian-ling  XIONG Zong-bin  SUN Bing-yong 《园艺学报》2001,17(7):614-617

AIM: To detect the role of cyclic nucleotides in the alleviation of hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction (HPV) in chronic hypoxic animals. METHODS: The intracellular cAMP and cGMP of the cultured porcine pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells (PASMC) and endothelial cells (PAEC) were assayed by RIA. The length of single PASMC during acute hypoxia was measured by imaging analysis system. RESULTS: The basal levels of cAMP and cGMP in PASMC and cGMP in PAEC of Chronic hypoxic groups decreased remarkably compared with normoxic groups (P＜0.01). Under acute hypoxia, the contents of cAMP and cGMP in PASMC of chronic hypoxic groups increased significantly (P＜0.01). Meanwhile, the percentage of PASMC with weak constrictive response in chronic hypoxic group was higher than that of control group. CONCLUSION:It's suggested that the changes of cAMP and cGMP in chronic hypoxic PASMC and PAEC might contribute to the increase in the basic tension of pulmonary artery and the alleviation of HPV in chronic hypoxic animals.  相似文献