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MicroRNA(miRNAs)是一类长度为18-25nt的内源性非编码单链小RNA,参与细胞增殖与凋亡、免疫、脂肪代谢等过程。本试验以三组投喂不同类型饵料的鲤(Cyprinus carpio)肝脏为研究材料,通过HiSeq 2500深度测序技术和生物信息学分析miRNA,鉴定出235个已知miRNAs。三种饵料组共表达的差异miRNAs有13个,随机挑选5个miRNA并采用qPCR进行验证,表达趋势在qRT-PCR结果和RNA测序结果中高度相似;对13个共表达的差异表达miRNAs进行靶基因预测,共预测到靶基因530个。对预测靶基因进行KEGG通路分析,结果显示参与2-羰基羧酸代谢,糖基磷脂酰肌醇(GPI)-锚定生物合成,柠檬酸循环(TCA循环)等通路的调节。本研究首次了解鲤摄食不同种类饵料的miRNAs表达特征,可以为深入了解miRNA对鲤摄食不同种类饵料过程的调控作用奠定基础。 相似文献
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弗氏柠檬酸杆菌感染诱导斑马鱼皮肤免疫相关基因的差异表达 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
从草鱼肠道中分离到1株细菌,通过形态学观察、生理生化特征和16S rDNA序列分析等鉴定为弗氏柠檬酸杆菌,动物试验结果表明,该菌对斑马鱼有致病性;从感染诱导的斑马鱼皮肤组织中提取总RNA,经Biotin荧光标记与拥有15 617个cDNA片段的斑马鱼基因芯片(affymetrix)杂交筛选分析,获得斑马鱼皮肤免疫相关差异表达基因88个,其中有74个上调表达基因和14个下调表达基因;进一步根据基因功能聚类(GO)分析,初步将88个差异表达基因分为8个生物学功能,其中主要参与补体激活、急性期反应、应激防御反应、细胞凋亡、抗原加工提呈、细胞迁移粘附、凝血因子和血小板激活等免疫应答过程;同时进行信号通路(pathway)分析,结果表明MAPK(hsp70、daxx、nfkbiab)、JAK/STAT(ifn1)和TGF-β(thbs1)等信号通路参与斑马鱼皮肤抗弗氏柠檬酸杆菌感染免疫应答。采用基因芯片方法筛选与鱼类皮肤免疫相关的功能基因,为将来以斑马鱼为模型研究鱼类皮肤局部免疫应答的分子机制提供科学依据。 相似文献
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实验从大弹涂鱼皮肤组织转录组中筛选出大弹涂鱼IL-8基因,并分析了其序列特征,构建了系统发生树,评估了IL-8基因在健康个体不同组织中的表达差异,以及在不同病原体刺激下IL-8基因在机体主要免疫器官肝脏和脾脏中的表达情况。结果显示,该基因的开放阅读框由306个碱基组成,编码101个氨基酸残基,包含典型的由18个氨基酸残基组成的信号肽,和1个由62个氨基酸残基组成的SCY结构域,该结构域还包含了4个保守的半胱氨酸残基,分别为Cys-30、Cys-32、Cys-57和Cys-73。大弹涂鱼IL-8氨基酸序列中的受体结合位点基序ELR (Glu-Leu-Arg)被Asn-Ser-His (NSH)取代,系统进化分析表明,纯化选择影响了鱼类该基序的多样性,且IL-8基因在大弹涂鱼乃至硬骨鱼中不可取代。荧光定量实验结果显示,IL-8基因在大弹涂鱼的健康组织中广泛表达,在鳃和脑中表达量最高。细菌和poly(I∶C)注射实验表明,在受到感染后,肝、脾和脑组织中IL-8的表达量均上调,说明IL-8基因在大弹涂鱼肝、脾和脑组织的炎性反应和免疫应答中起到了重要作用,为大弹涂鱼免疫基因的后续研究提供了参考。 相似文献
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为了探讨凡纳滨对虾转录因子AP-1在病毒引发的免疫应答过程中的潜在作用,实验根据前期的转录组和表达谱结果提示信息,首次克隆了凡纳滨对虾AP-1基因(LvAP-1,GenBank注册号:KF999956),利用在线软件进行了生物信息学分析,运用半定量的方法进行了组织表达分析,并利用实时荧光定量PCR(qPCR)技术分析了该基因在白斑杆状病毒(WSSV)侵染过程中的表达变化特征。结果显示,AP-1基因ORF区全长882 bp,编码293个氨基酸。预测分析显示该基因编码的蛋白质含有1个Jun结构域和1个高度保守的亮氨酸拉链结构域(bZIP),其中Jun结构域在非脊椎动物中保守性不高。组织表达分析表明,该基因在凡纳滨对虾各组织中广泛表达,其中在血细胞中表达量最高。在WSSV感染早期(0.5 hpi),该基因表达没有显著改变,感染后5 h(5 hpi),AP-1基因开始显著上调表达,在人工感染后24 h,该基因的表达量达到最高(P0.01)。研究表明,该基因在一定程度上参与了凡纳滨对虾体内由WSSV引发的先天免疫应答过程,为进一步研究LvAP-1在对虾应答病毒侵染过程中的功能和作用机制奠定了基础。 相似文献
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cDNA芯片技术筛选斑马鱼皮肤免疫相关差异表达基因 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
研究旨在筛选与鱼类皮肤免疫相关的功能基因,试图解释鱼类皮肤局部免疫应答的分子机制.采用斑马鱼(Danio rerio)基因cDNA芯片(affymetrix),以葡萄球菌(Staphylococcus sp.)感染诱导的成体斑马鱼为实验动物模型,从斑马鱼皮肤组织中提取总RNA,经Biotin荧光标记与拥有15 617个cDNA片段的基因芯片杂交,对斑马鱼皮肤组织中基因表达谱进行初步分析.在斑马鱼皮肤组织中共检测出175个差异表达基因,其中有150个上调表达基因(ratio＞2.0)和25个下调表达基因(ratio＞0.5);在皮肤组织150个上调基因中,91个为已知功能基因,59个为未知功能基因.根据基因文库同源功能基因(GO)分析,将175个差异表达基因分为13个主要的生物功能与代谢通路,其中参与免疫应答相关基因包括鱼主要组织相容性复合体(MHC)I类基因区的基因(UEA,UFA)、补体(Clq,C7-1)、凝集素(HBL3,LGALS1L3)、应急反应生长基因(EGR-1)、肿瘤坏死因子超家族基因(TNFSF10L4)、凝血因子(F5)、转铁蛋白基因(TF-α)和一些蛋白酶等.结果证实,MHC I类分子、补体、凝集素和蛋白酶等参与鱼类皮肤的抗葡萄球菌感染免疫应答,为将来以斑马鱼感染模型研究皮肤局部与细菌的互作机制提供了科学参考;同时表明采用基因芯片方法初探斑马鱼皮肤免疫系统是基本可行的. 相似文献
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microRNA参与基因的转录后调控,在真核生物的生长发育、细胞分化和免疫防御等过程中发挥重要作用。刺参(Apostichopus japonicus)病害问题已成为产业发展的主要限制因素之一,而其病害发生的分子机制尚待进一步完善。本研究以刺参重大疾病“腐皮综合征”的重要致病原灿烂弧菌(Vibrios splendidus)为侵染菌株,通过人工侵染实验制备患病刺参样本,采用miRNA-seq技术对侵染组(PT16S)和对照组(PT10H)各3头刺参的体壁组织进行miRNA测序,通过相关生物信息学软件对miRNAs进行鉴定和分析,筛选差异表达miRNAs (DEmiRNAs)并预测其靶基因,构建关键调控途径的miRNA-mRNA调控网络。结果显示,PT10H组平均得到5 902 588条有效序列,194个已知miRNA和19个新的miRNA;PT16S组平均得到5 053 529条有效序列,182个已知miRNA和42个新的miRNA。对2组鉴定到的miRNA进行差异表达分析,共筛选到2个上调和11个下调的具有显著差异的DEmiRNAs (P≤0.05),上调的DEmiRNAs靶基因预测结合到3010个靶基因,注释到585个GO terms及24条信号通路(P≤0.05),下调的DEmiRNAs靶基因预测到19 072个靶基因,注释到514个GO terms以及22条信号通路(P≤0.05)。对筛选到的DEmiRNAs进行实时荧光定量PCR (qRT-PCR)验证,显示miRNA-seq与qRT-PCR的一致率达到70%。根据KEGG分析结果构建泛素介导的蛋白水解途径和Notch信号通路的miRNA-mRNA调控网络,结果显示,13个DEmiRNAs分别靶向结合134个与泛素介导的蛋白水解相关的mRNAs和109个与Notch信号通路相关的mRNAs,Aja-miR-184、Aja-miR-2478和Aja-miR-9277p等DEmiRNAs可能参与对Notch信号通路和对泛素介导的蛋白水解的调控。相关研究结果将为刺参疾病发生调控网络建立和机制解析提供依据。 相似文献
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为了探讨凡纳滨对虾细胞因子信号转导负调控因子(SOCS)在病毒引发的免疫应答过程中的潜在作用,本实验根据前期的转录组和表达谱结果提示信息,首次克隆了凡纳滨对虾的SOCS基因(Lv-SOCS,GenBank注册号:KJ000426),利用在线软件进行了生物信息学分析,运用半定量的方法进行了组织表达分析,并利用实时荧光定量PCR(qPCR)技术分析了该基因在白斑杆状病毒(WSSV)侵染过程中的表达变化特征。结果显示,Lv-SOCS的ORF区1 191 bp,编码397个氨基酸,预测分析显示该基因编码的蛋白质含有1个SH2结构域和1个SOCS-box结构域,组织表达分析表明该基因主要在凡纳滨对虾血细胞、肠道和肝胰腺中表达。在WSSV感染后中晚期(6~48 hpi),Lv-SOCS可以被显著诱导,在血细胞中呈明显上调表达趋势,表明该基因在一定程度上参与了凡纳滨对虾体内由WSSV引发的先天免疫应答过程,上述结果为进一步研究Lv-SOCS基因在对虾应答病毒侵染过程中的功能和作用机制奠定了基础。 相似文献
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嗜水气单胞菌(Aeromonas hydrophila)是严重危害翘嘴鳜(Siniperca chuatsi)养殖生产的主要病原之一,为揭示嗜水气单胞菌感染翘嘴鳜后宿主基因表达水平的变化,筛选免疫相关基因,解析翘嘴鳜应答病原细菌感染的分子机制,本研究以病原嗜水气单胞菌感染翘嘴鳜,于感染24 h后,采集感染组与对照组翘嘴鳜头肾组织,采用Illumina Hiseq 2000进行了RNA-Seq分析,原始数据拼接后组装共获得53 040个单基因(unigene)。基因差异表达分析结果显示,感染组和未感染组翘嘴鳜存在526个差异表达基因,包括254个上调基因和272个下调基因,其中,免疫相关的显著上调的差异基因主要有炎症和免疫原性细胞因子白介素、补体系统、MHCⅠ型抗原提呈、溶菌酶、丝氨酸蛋白酶抑制因子、泛素蛋白连接酶等。GO富集分析发现,差异基因主要涉及免疫应答反应和炎症反应等,经KEGG富集分析显示,89个通路富集显著,免疫相关的代谢通路主要有内吞作用和吞噬体等。此外,实时荧光定量PCR验证结果表明,所选取7个差异表达免疫相关基因与RNA-seq结果具有相似的表达趋势。本研究为揭示翘嘴鳜对病原微生物感染的防御分子机制奠定了理论基础。 相似文献
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microRNA(miRNA)是一类内源性、长度约为22个核苷酸的非编码小单链RNA分子,由具有发夹结构的70?90个碱基的单链RNA前体经过Dicer酶加工而成。本研究使用荧光实时定量PCR (Quantitative Real-Time PCR, qRT-PCR)方法,研究了miRNA-223(miR-223)在半滑舌鳎(Cynoglossus semilaevis)各健康组织、鳗弧菌(Vibrio anguillarum)感染后各时间点的免疫组织以及不同病原类似物刺激后头肾细胞中的表达模式。结果显示,miR-223在半滑舌鳎各组织中均有表达,在头肾中表达量最高,在脑和血液中的表达量极低。鳗弧菌感染3组样品4种免疫组织,miR-223表达变化显著,感染后20 h内,鳗弧菌诱导miR-223上调表达。鳗弧菌感染后半滑舌鳎免疫组织miR-223表达变化规律显示,鳗弧菌感染2、6、12、24、48、72、96和168 h后,miR-223在肝、肠、脾、头肾4种组织中出现差异表达。其中,miR-223在半滑舌鳎肝、脾、头肾中表达上调,在肠中表达下调。用LPS、poly I:C、PGN、RGNNV感染半滑舌鳎头肾细胞后,发现经LPS、RGNNV诱导后miR-223上调表达,poly I:C、PGN诱导后miR-223下调表达。研究结果表明,miR-223参与了半滑舌鳎免疫应答过程。本研究结果有助于了解miRNA在半滑舌鳎对病原刺激免疫应答过程中的作用以及半滑舌鳎与病原相互作用中miRNA参与调控的机制。 相似文献
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先天免疫是宿主识别病原及消除病原感染的第一道防线。模式识别受体是参与识别病原入侵的主要分子，主要包括Toll样受体、RIG-I样受体、NOD样受体和C型凝集素受体等。模式识别受体在识别病原相关分子模式后，激活机体的先天免疫信号通路，诱导炎症细胞因子和干扰素的产生，从而启动抵抗病原入侵的免疫应答。越来越多的证据表明，免疫应答的激活、维持和终止受到了严格的调节，使机体在保持一定免疫强度的同时避免产生过度的免疫反应。microRNA是一类长度为18～23 nt的微小非编码RNA，是鱼类先天免疫应答网络中的重要调控因子。近年来，microRNA在鱼类免疫学领域已开展了大量的研究，但缺乏对其进行及时地全面性的总结。本文综述了近年来miRNA在鱼类先天免疫反应中的研究进展，以期为鱼类的分子抗病育种及疾病防控研究提供一些思路。 相似文献
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鳃为鱼类重要的呼吸器官，是鱼类进行离子交换、酸碱调节和含氮废物排泄的重要结构基础，也是鱼类重要的外周黏膜免疫器官之一，在抵御病原微生物侵染过程中发挥重要的免疫屏障作用。当前，硬骨鱼类鳃黏膜免疫反应是研究热点之一。本文首先对硬骨鱼类鳃的结构和特点进行分析，之后综述了抗菌肽、干扰素、白细胞介素、Toll样受体、补体等先天性免疫相关分子以及T细胞受体和免疫球蛋白等适应性免疫相关分子在硬骨鱼类鳃黏膜中的表达规律、分子功能，最后探讨了化学因素(重金属、杀虫剂等)、生物因素(细菌、病毒、真菌、和寄生虫等)以及营养物质和疫苗等对硬骨鱼类鳃黏膜结构的影响，以期为深入研究鳃在鱼类黏膜免疫反应中的角色和应答机制提供指导，为硬骨鱼类病原性疾病的免疫防控策略的制定提供理论基础。 相似文献
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Nocardia sp. is the causative agent of nocardiosis, a lethal granulomatous disease of the skin, muscle, and various inner tissues affecting various teleost and shellfish. Four species of Nocardia have been isolated from diseased fish and shellfish, namely Nocardia asteroides, Nocardia seriolae, Nocardia salmonicida and Nocardia crassostreae. Therefore, in fish aquaculture, nocardiosis has caused severe economic losses, especially in the Asian region. Considerable research has been performed, since the first report of identified Nocardia sp. in fish, to characterize Nocardia sp. and identify rapid detection techniques, immune response against infection and prophylactic approaches. In this review, the current state of knowledge about nocardiosis in fish has been presented, including the pathogenesis, diagnosis, host immune response and vaccine development. 相似文献
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外泌体是一种由多种细胞分泌的30～150 nm的小囊泡,其通过转运蛋白质、脂质、mRNAs和microRNAs等方式影响或改变受体细胞的行为,已被证明是一种细胞间通讯的新模式。研究发现外泌体参与了脂肪合成及肥胖、肝脏脂肪变性、胰岛素抵抗、免疫调节、炎症反应、肿瘤发生、血管以及神经生成和成骨等过程。本文阐述了外泌体的形成与生物学特性、分离及鉴定的方法,重点阐述了脂肪来源的外泌体在机体生理及病理过程中的潜在作用,并概述了水生动物外泌体的研究进展,以期为脂肪代谢及有关疾病的病理机制与潜在干预靶标的研究提供新的思路和途径,也为更多地了解外泌体可能在鱼类糖脂代谢紊乱中的作用提供理论基础。 相似文献
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鱼类粘膜免疫研究进展 总被引：7，自引：1，他引：7
Fish immunology has achieved great progress in recent years. While before 1990s, most researches focused on the fish systematic immunity, and the mucosal immunity of fish had not been given enough attention. Indeed, it has been shown that fish mucosal immunity plays an important role in disease defense. Fish mucosal immunity research has made some exciting progress in this decade. This review will focus on such progress: Constitution of mucosal-associated tissues and distribution of different immune cells, including T/B lymphocytes, granules, monocytes, macrophages, goblet cells, etc, in these sites have been well described with the development of some monoclonal antibody to these cells and associated techniques. Non-specific immune response mechanism of mucosal tissues reported these years, such as secretion of non-specific anti-bacteria and anti-fungi substances in mucus, the respiratory burst, enzyme activity of immune cells and so on, is believed important for fish disease defense. The specific immunity of mucosal tissues also attracts much interest and makes great achievement in antigen presenting, MHC genes, antibody producing and antibody secreting cells, comparison of serum and mucus immunoglobulin, relationships of immune response between different mucosal immune tissues. Whether mucosal immune system is independent of systematic immune system is another interesting question and causes great concern. In recent years, some evidences from phyletic evolution and ontogenesis show that mucosal immunity is prior to systematic immunity in evolution. Dynamics of antibody producing of mucosal tissues and serum in immersion or oral vaccines immunized fish also shows immune response can be elicited in mucosal tissues independent of systematic immune system. Some researchers also begin to pay attention to factors involved in mucosal immune regulations, for instance, neuromodulators and cytokines. The level of these factors changes in fish immune response process but the mechanisms of regulation still remain unknown. Prospect of the promising future of fish mucosal immunity has also been discussed in this review. 相似文献
16.
Cui-Hong Huang Nan Chen Chun-Xiao Huang Bao Zhang Meng Wu Lei He Hong Liu Rong Tang Wei-Min Wang Huan-Ling Wang 《Fish physiology and biochemistry》2017,43(3):863-873
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are non-coding small RNAs showing both evolutionarily conserved and unique features and are involved in nearly all biological processes. In the present study, the role played by miR-462/731 cluster miRNAs in hypoxia response in Megalobrama amblycephala, an important freshwater fish, was investigated. The M. amblycephala miR-462/731 cluster locus and their 5′ flanking sequences were sequenced and analyzed. In M. amblycephala and other teleost fish species, the mature sequences of miR-462 and miR-731 were identical and hypoxia-responsive elements (HREs) were identified upstream of the miR-462/731 loci. The two miRNAs were significantly induced in the liver, spleen, gill, muscle, and brain after hypoxia treatment. The expression of both miRNAs was also upregulated in cells that received treatment which mimicked hypoxia. Furthermore, reporter assay revealed that M. amblycephala HREs can be activated by hypoxia. Taken together, the 462/731 cluster may play a role in the regulation of the hypoxia response in M. amblycephala. 相似文献
17.
Toll样受体(Toll-like receptor, TLR)是一种古老的先天性免疫受体,参与病原体相关分子模式识别,对维持免疫稳态和预防感染至关重要。本研究克隆和鉴定了卵形鲳鲹(Trachinotus ovatus) TLR13基因(命名为ToTLR13),其开放阅读框(ORF)为1 269 bp,编码422个氨基酸,等电点为8.13。保守结构域分析显示,ToTLR13含有跨膜结构域(TM)、LRR结构域和TIR结构域,符合TLR家族的典型特征。通过建立TLR13保守域三级结构发现,ToTLR13与小鼠(Mus musculus)和大黄鱼(Larimichthys crocea) TLR13功能结构域的蛋白三级结构具有较高重叠性。多序列比对显示,ToTLR13与其他硬骨鱼TLR13具有较高的相似性,与其他纲物种的序列相似性较低。系统进化树结果显示,ToTLR13与硬骨鱼TLR13聚在一起,其中与鞍带石斑鱼(Epinephelus lanceolatus)最为接近,与哺乳动物、两栖类和贝类相分离。实时荧光定量PCR (Real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR, RT-qPCR)分析显示,ToTLR13在健康卵形鲳鲹的心、鳃、肾、头肾、肝、脾、脑和肌肉中普遍表达,其中鳃的表达量最高,其次是脾。ToTLR13在其鳃、脾、肝和肾免疫相关组织中的表达情况呈现出不同程度的上调,提示其经无乳链球菌(Streptococcus agalactiae)和溶藻弧菌(Vibrio alginolyticus)免疫刺激后可能激活了炎症反应,启动了先天性免疫反应。亚细胞定位显示,ToTLR13定位于A549细胞质。本研究表明,ToTLR13在抵御病原菌免疫应答过程中可能发挥重要的作用,研究结果可为阐明脊椎动物TLRs的功能进化史提供基础资料。 相似文献
18.
Nucleotide‐binding and oligomerization domain (NOD)‐like receptors in teleost fish: Current knowledge and future perspectives 
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下载免费PDF全文 Liang Zhang Zhuying Gao Li Yu Bo Zhang Jing Wang Jun Zhou 《Journal of fish diseases》2018,41(9):1317-1330
Nucleotide‐binding and oligomerization domain (NOD)‐like receptors (NLRs) are a group of intracellular pathogen recognition receptors (PRRs) that play key roles in pathogen recognition and subsequent activation of innate immune signalling pathways. Expressions of several NLR subfamily members, including NOD1, NOD2, NLR‐C3, NLR‐C5 and NLR‐X1 have been reported in many different teleost fish species. These receptors are activated by a variety of ligands, including lipopolysaccharides (LPS), peptidoglycans (PGN) and polyinosinic‐polycytidylic acid [Poly(I:C)]. Synthetic dsRNA and bacterial or viral infections are known to stimulate these receptors both in vitro and in vivo. In this review, we focus on the identification, expression and function of teleost NLRs in response to bacterial or viral pathogens. Additionally, NLR ligand specificity and signalling pathways involved in the recognition of bacterial or viral stimuli are also summarized. This review focuses on current knowledge in this area and provides future perspectives regarding topics in need of additional investigation. Understanding the response of innate immune system to bacterial or viral infections in diverse species could inform the development of more effective therapies and vaccines. 相似文献
19.
Mahmoud Tanekhy 《Aquaculture Research》2016,47(5):1369-1391
The immune defence mechanism depends mainly on germ‐line encoded pattern‐recognition receptors (PRRs). These PRRs respond to many exogenous pathogens and/or endogenous serious signals, by recognizing some highly conserved structures such as pathogen‐associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) and danger/damage associated molecular patterns (DAMPs). Till date, the most studied PRRs are Toll‐like receptors (TLRs). Upon activation of TLRs, there is production of inflammatory cytokines and type I interferons (IFNs) via myeloid differentiation primary response gene 88 (MyD88)‐dependent or ‐independent signalling, respectively, modulating innate and adaptive immunity, as well as inflammatory responses. In fish species studied to date, there are more than 17 TLRs that are identified with some showing homology to mammals, and some are unique for teleost. In the present review, more light are to be shed on the classification, structure and specific ligands of TLRs, with focuses on their signal pathways and different biological activities. Studies of TLRs and their role in the innate immune will potentially have implications for the prevention and treatment of fish diseases. 相似文献
20.
Pro‐inflammatory caspase‐1 activation during the immune response in cells from rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum 1792) challenged with pathogen‐associated molecular patterns 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 In response to pathogens, the higher vertebrate innate immune system activates pro‐inflammatory caspase‐1 which is responsible for the processing and secretion of several important cytokines involved in the host's defence against infection. To date, caspase‐1 has been described in few teleost fish, and its activity has been demonstrated through substrate cleavage and inhibition by pharmacological agents. In this study, the detection of the active form of caspase‐1 during the immune response in salmonid fish is described, where two antibodies were produced. These antibodies differentially recognize the structural epitopes of the inactive pro‐caspase‐1 and the processed active form of the caspase. Firstly, caspase‐1 activation was demonstrated in vitro by ELISA, Western blotting and immunocytochemistry in rainbow trout macrophages exposed to different pathogen‐associated molecular patterns plus the pathogen Aeromonas hydrophila. This activity was clearly abrogated by a caspase inhibitor and seems to be unrelated to IL‐1β secretion. Caspase‐1 activation was then validated in vivo in gill cells from fish challenged with Aeromonas salmonicida. These results represent the first demonstration of caspase‐1 activation in salmonids, and the first evidence of the putative regulatory role which this protease plays in inflammatory response in this fish group, as described for some other teleosts and mammals. 相似文献