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1.
为明确7种常用杀螨剂对花生上二斑叶螨和朱砂叶螨的毒力差异和防治效果,为不同优势种群的防治提供高效药剂,采用浸虫法测定了7种杀螨剂对两种叶螨雌成螨和卵的毒力。毒力测定结果表明,螺虫乙酯对二斑叶螨成螨的毒力最高LC50为1.213mg/L;哒螨灵、联苯肼酯、阿维菌素的毒力次之。阿维菌素对朱砂叶螨成螨的毒力最高LC50为0.044mg/L;螺虫乙酯、哒螨灵、虫螨腈、联苯肼酯的毒力也较高;螺螨酯对两种成螨的毒力均最低。螺虫乙酯对二斑叶螨和朱砂叶螨卵的毒力均最高,LC50分别为0.037mg/L、0.005mg/L。阿维菌素对二斑叶螨和朱砂叶螨成螨的毒力倍数差异最大,达247.8倍;其次是螺虫乙酯、虫螨腈毒力倍数为24.8倍和16.1倍;螺螨酯和阿维菌素对两种叶螨卵的毒力差异较大,分别达12.1倍和11.8倍。在盆栽花生上,43%联苯肼酯悬浮剂、22.4%螺虫乙酯悬浮剂、110g/L乙螨唑悬浮剂4000倍处理,对二斑叶螨的防效好,药后21d达83.75%～97.75%,显著高于其他药剂;7种药剂的4000倍液处理均对朱砂叶螨有很好的防效,药后21d达97.63%～100%。综上所述,除螺螨酯以外,6种供试药剂对朱砂叶螨成螨和卵的毒力均明显大于二斑叶螨,其中阿维菌素对两种成螨毒力差异最大。43%联苯肼酯悬浮剂4000倍液可有效同时防治两种叶螨,并有较好的速效性和持效性;其他6种药剂目前都是防治朱砂叶螨的高效药剂。本研究为防治叶螨合理用药提供了依据,对指导花生田叶螨的科学防治具有重要意义。 相似文献
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为了科学合理使用2008年在中国获得登记的新型酰基乙腈联苯肼类杀螨剂联苯肼酯,延长其使用寿命,本研究采用生物测定法和紫外分光光度法针对性地开展了联苯肼酯与炔螨特混配对朱砂叶螨的联合毒力作用评价。结果表明,43%联苯肼酯悬浮剂和73%炔螨特乳油按有效成分215∶73混配对朱砂叶螨的共毒系数为163.0,共毒系数大于120,表现出良好的增效作用,经其20.00、14.29、11.11、9.09和7.69 mg/L的浓度处理24 h后,朱砂叶螨的谷胱甘肽S-转移酶(GST)活性显著降低,分别为3.371、3.645、3.932、4.045和4.089 mmol/(mg Pro·min),显著低于相同浓度联苯肼酯单剂[7.250、6.818、6.714、6.441、5.811 mmol/(mg Pro·min)]和炔螨特单剂[10.130、9.789、9.142、8.932、8.441 mmol/(mg Pro·min)],说明联苯肼酯与炔螨特混配对朱砂叶螨GST具有显著的联合抑制作用;经联苯肼酯与炔螨特混配液处理24 h后,朱砂叶螨的多功能氧化酶(MFO)、羧酸酯酶(Car E)和乙酰胆碱酯酶(Ach E)活性与联苯肼酯和炔螨特单剂处理的结果无显著差异。本研究结果为合理混配使用联苯肼酯与炔螨特防治朱砂叶螨的发生与危害提供了理论依据。 相似文献
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采用玻片浸渍法,进行了8种杀虫剂对海南白沙及东方两地的橡胶六点始叶螨(Eotetranychus sexmaculatus Riley.)♀成螨的室内毒力测定。结果表明：1.8% 阿维菌素对白沙及东方两地的♀成螨毒力均最高,LC50值分别为0.068 9、0.075 1 mg/L;其次为10% 溴虫腈和2.5% 高效氯氟氰菊酯,LC50值分别为15.481 6 、10.153 2 mg/L和431.895 2、350.068 2 mg/L,8种药剂对该螨雌成螨的毒力大小顺序均为阿维菌素、溴虫腈、高效氯氟氰菊酯、毒死蜱、哒螨灵、甲氰菊酯、三唑锡与克螨特。与敏感种群相比,白沙、东方两地六点始叶螨对克螨特、毒死蜱、甲氰菊酯、哒螨灵与三唑锡均已产生较高抗药性。 相似文献
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为了解2 %阿维·绿僵菌素悬浮剂对朱砂叶螨的生物活性,采用盆栽幼苗喷雾法、盆栽幼苗喷雾法、保湿叶碟喷雾法研究了2 %阿维·绿僵菌素悬浮剂对不同生长阶段朱砂叶螨的生物活性,并采用茎内吸法、涂药法研究了2 %阿维·绿僵菌素悬浮剂的内吸性和渗透性,探讨了温度对其杀螨活性的影响。结果表明： 2 %阿维·绿僵菌素悬浮剂对成螨的活性(LC50：1.247 44 mg/L)优于唑螨酯(LC50：2.189 50 mg/L)和炔螨特(LC50：12.515 49 mg/L),对若螨的活性(LC50：0.362 31 mg/L)低于阿维菌素(LC50：0.279 71 mg/L),其杀卵活性(EC50：3.563 50 mg/L)优于哒螨灵(LC50：5.561 61 mg/L)但低于噻螨酮(LC50：0.274 23 mg/L);2 %阿维·绿僵菌素悬浮剂对不同生长阶段的朱砂叶螨均具有较高的活性,其内吸性、渗透性均较强,在一定的温度范围内,温度越高,杀螨活性越高。本研究结果为2 %阿维·绿僵菌素悬浮剂的田间应用提供了理论依据。 相似文献
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建立了气相色谱/三重串联四级杆质谱分析芒果中腈苯唑和溴螨酯农药残留的方法。采用乙腈提取,Carbon/NH2固相萃取小柱净化后采用气相色谱/三重串联四级杆质谱多反应(MRM)模式下进行外标法定量测定,并对腈苯唑和溴螨酯的基质效应进行分析。结果表明:2种农药在0.01~1.00 mg/L范围内线性关系均良好。该方法对腈苯唑和溴螨酯的检出限(LOD)分别为0.003、0.002 mg/kg,定量限(LOQ)分别为0.010、0.008 mg/kg。在0.01~0.05 mg/kg浓度添加水平下,2种农药的平均回收率处于76.5%~89.6%之间,相对标准偏差(RSD)不大于10.3%。该方法背景干扰少,灵敏度高,重复稳定性好,可用于分析芒果中腈苯唑和溴螨酯的残留测定。 相似文献
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锡兰肉桂的杀螨活性及有效成分 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
室内测定锡兰肉桂提取物对几种害螨的杀螨活性及其作用方式,并在活性跟踪的基础上,通过萃取、柱层析、核磁共振和质谱等方法对其有效成分进行分离及鉴定。结果表明,锡兰肉桂不同部位乙醇提取物均有一定的杀螨活性,其中叶和树皮的提取物活性最高。叶乙醇提取物对朱砂叶螨、皮氏叶螨、比哈小爪螨均有毒杀作用,其24h的LC50值分别为0.885、0.641、1.308g/L;对皮氏叶螨和朱砂叶螨还具有一定的杀卵作用,LC50分别为0.604、1.167g/L。从叶提取物中分离鉴定出活性成分丁香酚和松油烯-4-醇。丁香酚对皮氏叶螨表现出较高的毒杀活性,24h的LC50值为0.243g/L。而松油烯-4-醇则对皮氏叶螨的毒杀作用低于丁香酚,24h的LC50值为0.639g/L。分析认为,丁香酚可能为锡兰肉桂叶中主要的杀螨活性成分之一。 相似文献
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观察了6个温度条件及9种寄主植物对皮氏叶螨发育及繁殖的影响,并进行了5种药剂对此螨的毒力测定。结果表明:24~32℃为皮氏叶螨发育、存活和产卵的最适合温度,番木瓜为皮氏叶螨的最适宜寄主,其次为香蕉和番荔枝。香蕉品种间比较,巴西蕉和贡蕉分别为皮氏叶螨的最适和最不适宜的芭蕉属寄主。5种农药对皮氏叶螨雌成螨的毒力大小顺序为阿维菌素>阿维·氯>哒螨灵>果好迈>辛硫磷,其LC50分别为0.0586,0.4415,34.6817,35.0268和96.1017μg/mL。 相似文献
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棉叶螨是棉花主要害虫之一,整个生育期都可形成危害。为确保对棉叶螨的防治效果,延缓其抗药性产生,2018年以30%（质量分数,下同）乙唑螨腈悬浮剂为研究对象,在山东夏津设置30%乙唑螨腈悬浮剂10 g（每666.7 m2用药量,下同）、1.8%阿维菌素乳油40 g、15%哒螨灵乳油40 g药剂处理,并设空白对照（喷施等量清水）,测定供试药剂对棉叶螨的防治效果。田间试验结果显示,在棉叶螨发生盛期初每666.7 m2施用30%乙唑螨腈悬浮剂10 g,速效性好、持效期长,对棉叶螨的防治效果较好。说明该药剂可以在生产上推广使用。 相似文献
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为明确不同类别杀虫剂对玉米穗期主要鳞翅目害虫的防控应用前景,采用人工饲料混药法测定6种杀虫剂对棉铃虫(Helicoverpa armigera)、玉米螟(Ostrinia furnacalis)、桃蛀螟(Conogethes punctiferalis)幼虫的毒力,通过田间药效试验评价其对玉米穗期害虫的防治效果。室内毒力测定结果表明,氯虫苯甲酰胺、四氯虫酰胺、甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐、虫螨腈对棉铃虫、玉米螟、桃蛀螟具有较高的室内毒力,LC50值分别在0.29～0.51、0.17～0.51、0.03～0.20、0.61～8.32 mg/L;辛硫磷毒力最低,对3种害虫毒力分别为127.76、80.57、62.11 mg/L。田间药效试验表明,6种杀虫剂对玉米穗期害虫均表现出一定的防治效果,氯虫苯甲酰胺、四氯虫酰胺、甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐、虫螨腈各处理对穗虫防治效果较高,防效在73.29%～83.52%,显著高于甲氧虫酰肼、辛硫磷各处理防效,能有效控制玉米穗期害虫危害。综合室内毒力、田间药效试验,氯虫苯甲酰、四氯虫酰胺、甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐、虫螨腈在玉米穗期害虫防控上具... 相似文献
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利用均匀设计法研究了白藓根、茎和叶水蒸气蒸馏液对玉米蚜的生物活性。结果表明：白藓根的水蒸气蒸馏液对玉米蚜具有触杀和拒食作用,24h和48h的致死中浓度(LC50)分别为6.48mg/L 和6.77mg/L,48h的致死率达99.8%。白藓叶的水蒸气蒸馏液只有拒食作用,且拒食作用的效果比根更加显著,对玉米蚜24h和48h的拒食中浓度(AFC50)分别为11.45mg/L 和9.88mg/L,其中48h的拒食率达92.5%。白藓茎的水蒸气蒸馏液触杀和拒食作用均不明显。 相似文献
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The full whole culture (FWC), containing parasporal protein toxins of Bacillus thuringiensis israelinsis (Bti) and Bacillus sphaericus 2362 (Bs), either singly or in combination with plant oils and commercial insecticides, was tested against larval and adult stages of Culex pipiens mosquitoes under controlled laboratory conditions. In terms of LC50 values recorded after 24, 48, 72 and 96 h, the bacterial toxins showed high potency towards both larvae and adults of mosquitoes in a dose-dependent manner. Generally, the Bti toxin seemed to be more potent than the Bs toxin. For example, the Bti toxin showed a 24 h LC50 of 8.2 ppm against mosquito larvae compared to 13.6 ppm for the Bs toxin. In the adult bioassay, the obtained 24 h LC50 values were 0.064 and 0.085 mg/cm2, respectively for the two bacterial toxins. The bacterial toxins mixed with plant oils or insecticides at equitoxic doses (e.g., LC25 values) mostly showed potentiation effects, either against larvae or adults of the tested insect. Among a total of 14 paired mixtures, only the joint action estimated for the mixture of malathion + Bti or Bs was accounted as additively. Combining Bti or Bs endotoxins at LC0 with different plant oils and insecticides at LC50 concentration levels each, has resulted in considerable synergism against either larvae or adults. In the case of larval bioassays, the maximum synergistic factor (SF) obtained (ca. 2.0) was entitled to the mixture of Bti + spinosad. In the adult bioassays, the mixtures containing Curcuma longa or Melia azedarach oil extracts with Bti or Bs toxins achieved a SF accounted to 2.0. The results of the present study may be considered as an additional contribution to the area of joint toxicity of biocidal agents combining bacterial toxins, plant oils and traditional insecticides. The reached findings may encourage future research to elucidate its performance under practical field conditions. 相似文献
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Veronica Piazza Ivanka Dragi? Kristina Sep?i? Marco Faimali Francesca Garaventa Tom Turk Sabina Berne 《Marine drugs》2014,12(4):1959-1976
Polymeric alkylpyridinium salts (poly-APS) isolated from the Mediterranean marine sponge, Haliclona (Rhizoniera) sarai, effectively inhibit barnacle larva settlement and natural marine biofilm formation through a non-toxic and reversible mechanism. Potential use of poly-APS-like compounds as antifouling agents led to the chemical synthesis of monomeric and oligomeric 3-alkylpyridinium analogues. However, these are less efficient in settlement assays and have greater toxicity than the natural polymers. Recently, a new chemical synthesis method enabled the production of poly-APS analogues with antibacterial, antifungal and anti-acetylcholinesterase activities. The present study examines the antifouling properties and toxicity of six of these synthetic poly-APS using the barnacle (Amphibalanus amphitrite) as a model (cyprids and II stage nauplii larvae) in settlement, acute and sub-acute toxicity assays. Two compounds, APS8 and APS12-3, show antifouling effects very similar to natural poly-APS, with an anti-settlement effective concentration that inhibits 50% of the cyprid population settlement (EC50) after 24 h of 0.32 mg/L and 0.89 mg/L, respectively. The toxicity of APS8 is negligible, while APS12-3 is three-fold more toxic (24-h LC50: nauplii, 11.60 mg/L; cyprids, 61.13 mg/L) than natural poly-APS. This toxicity of APS12-3 towards nauplii is, however, 60-fold and 1200-fold lower than that of the common co-biocides, Zn- and Cu-pyrithione, respectively. Additionally, exposure to APS12-3 for 24 and 48 h inhibits the naupliar swimming ability with respective IC50 of 4.83 and 1.86 mg/L. 相似文献
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The tobacco whitefly, Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius), is an important pest because of its potential to threaten agricultural crops worldwide. Currently, this pest is controlled by the application of chemical insecticides. In our pursuit to identify better insecticides for an effective control of this insect pest, we investigated the lethal effects of five neonicotinoid insecticides including four commercial neonicotinoids and a novel neonicotinoid (cycloxaprid) on B. tabaci MED and MEAM1 cryptic species. In addition, we assessed the sublethal effects of cycloxaprid on B. tabaci MED. Lethal effects of the insecticides were determined using the leaf-dip bioassay, and the results showed that among the tested insecticides cycloxaprid was more toxic to B. tabaci MED and MEAM1 than others, with LC50 values of 0.70 mg/L and 0.59 mg/L, respectively. Cycloxaprid at LC25 (0.16 mg/L) induced sublethal effects in adult MED by prolonging the developmental periods and decreasing the survival rates of all larval instars, pseudopupal and adult stages. Moreover, it significantly shortened the oviposition period of females and decreased their fecundity. Hatching rate of eggs laid by females exposed to LC25 was also markedly reduced. These results indicate that cycloxaprid is a novel alternate insecticide that may effectively control B. tabaci populations. 相似文献
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Yasmin Akhtar Murray B. Isman Chi-Hoon Lee Sang-Guei Lee Hoi-Seon Lee 《Industrial Crops and Products》2012,37(1):536-541
Toxicities of the eight quinones were evaluated through leaf dip bioassays conducted against Tetranychus urticae, Myzus persicae, Myzocallis walshii, and Illinoia liriodendri. Based on LC50 values, plumbagin (LC50 = 0.001%) was the most active compound against T. urticae and ubiquinone Q0 (LC50 = 0.005%), plumbagin (LC50 = 0.010%), and dibromothymoquinone (LC50 = 0.012%) were the most active compounds against M. persicae. The most active compounds against M. walshii were juglone (LC50 = 0.011%) and ubiquinone Q0 (LC50 = 0.019%), whereas dibromothymoquinone (LC50 = 0.030%), plumbagin (LC50 = 0.033%) and ubiquinone Q0 (LC50 = 0.058%) were the most toxic to I. liriodendri. Ecotrol (positive control) was the least toxic compound (LC50 = 0.39%) against T. urticae and M. persicae (LC50 = 0.447%). Although the majority of the compounds tested were toxic to all four test species in residual bioassays, there was little overlap among the test species in terms of susceptibility to the compounds and interspecific differences were observed. Regarding structure-activity relationships for quinones, the addition of a hydroxyl group resulted in a significant increase in the toxicity of the 1,4-naphthoquinones, and those possessing a methyl group exhibited the highest levels of activity in T. urticae. The bromine atom at the 2- and 5-positions of the benzoquinone ring is crucial to the toxicity of the compounds against I. liriodendri. Toxicity was greatly affected not only by the number of hydroxyl groups, but also by their positions in the ring in the case of M. walshii. Juglone and plumbagin as residual toxins in the laboratory also reduced the population of two-spotted spider mites compared to EcoTrol™ (positive control) and the negative control in the greenhouse experiment. Some quinones tested may have potential as commercial insecticides and miticides, or alternatively, could serve as lead compounds for the development of more potent crop protection agents. 相似文献
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Essential oils from 22 aromatic plant species were tested for mortality of the mosquito larvae Culex quinquefasciatus. Lethal concentrations were determined for individual essential oils. Essential oils obtained from Thymus vulgaris, Satureja hortensis and Thymus satureioides plants showed the highest effect, with LC50 found lower than 50 μg/ml (33, 36 and 44 μg/ml, respectively). Analyses showed that majority substances for T. vulgaris were thymol and p-cymene (60.3 and 10.1%, respectively); carvacrol and γ-terpinene for S. hortensis (48.1 and 36.7%, respectively), and borneol and thymol for T. satureioides (30.3 and 32.5%, respectively).The selected essential oils also showed very good effectiveness with respect to mortality and percentage of adult emergence upon short-term exposure in water contaminated with lethal doses of individual oils. While there was 77% adult emergence from the larvae in the control, in T. vulgaris, T. satureoides and S. hortensis there was only 12.3, 15.3 and 16.0% adult emergence, respectively. High antioviposition effectiveness was found in all selected oils. Almost 100% deterrence of female oviposition was determined for all oils in concentrations of 0.02%. Significant differences were seen with tested concentrations of 0.01 and 0.005%, where the oil of T. vulgaris proved most effective (repellency about 99.8 and 62.3%, respectively). 相似文献
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The present study was carried out to evaluate conventional insecticide resistance in populations of Spodoptera litura (Fab.) from seven different soybean-growing districts (Dharwad. Belgaum, Pune, Parbani, Adilabad, Hyderabad and Indore) of India. Experimental results revealed among the three chemical insecticides bioassayed, quinolphos 25 EC registered the highest LC50 value (29.7 mg a.i./L) followed by chlorpyrifos 20 EC (18.3 mg a.i./L) while the lowest LC50 value was found for lambda-cyhalothrin 5 EC (1.3 mg a.i./L) in a susceptible population of S. litura larvae. Evaluation of the seven different populations of S. litura from India showed that populations from Adilabad and Pune exhibited elevated LC50 values for chlorpyrifos [(1622.0 mg a.i./L) and (1137.0 mg a.i./L)], quinolphos [(1892.0 mg a.i./L) and (1744.0 mg a.i./L)] and lambda-cyhalothrin [(56.4 mg a.i./L) and (41.6 mg a.i./L)], respectively. Seven different S. litura populations collected varied in their resistance ratio (RR) for three conventional insecticides used in this study. For chlorpyrifos RR values ranged from 3 to 88 fold, for quinolphos RR values ranged from 3 to 63 fold and for lambda-cyhalothrin RR values ranged from 2 to 42 fold in the seven different S. litura populations compared to the susceptible population. Based on the raised LC50 values, the resistance is quite concerning for organophosphates (chlorpyrifos and quinolphos). The present study is a warning bell suggesting the cautious use of organophosphates and lambda-cyhalothrin in soybean. 相似文献
19.
Essential oils (EOs) extracted from fresh leaves of rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.), lavender (Lavandula angustifolia Miller), chan (Hyptis suaveolens (L.) Poiteau (Lamiaceae) and arborvitae (Thuja occidentalis L. – Cupressaceae) were evaluated for their toxicity against adult Mediterranean fruit fly, Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann) (Diptera Tephritidae), a worldwide fruit pest. The chemical composition of the EOs was also investigated. T. occidentalis and H. suaveolens EOs were dominated by monoterpene hydrocarbons, followed by sesquiterpene hydrocarbons in H. suaveolens and oxygenated sesquiterpenes in T. occidentalis. Oxygenated monoterpenes were the main chemical class in R. officinalis and L. angustifolia EOs. In ingestion toxicity assays, T. occidentalis was the most toxic oil, with an LC50 of 5371 ppm. At the highest dose (2.5% w/v), no differences between the four EOs were observed in the ingestion toxicity assay. Topical applications revealed that all the EOs had a good insecticidal activity at 24 h. At 0.1 μL/fly, R. officinalis, L. angustifolia and T. occidentalis caused mortality rates higher than 70%. In fumigation trials, the essential oils of L. angustifolia and R. officinalis were the most toxic at 24 h, with CL50 of 9.09 and 16.73 μg/L air, respectively. Generally, all the EOs showed remarkable toxic effects against medfly adults, regardless of the bioassay used. The development of a technology that allows the incorporation of the EO in a food bait could provide an alternative method of C. capitata attract and kill field applications. 相似文献
20.
Phthorimaea operculella (Zeller) is a worldwide pest of potato. Plant-borne chemicals would be potential alternatives of synthetic chemical fumigants against P. operculella in the storage. Asari Radix et Rhizoma is derived from the dry roots and rhizomes of Asarum heterotropoides Fr. Schmidt var. mandshuricum, A. sieboldii Miq. var. seoulense, or A. sieboldii. In this study, fumigant toxicity and oviposition deterrent of volatile constituents from ARR, δ-3-carene, γ-terpinene, terpinolene, eucarvone, 3,5-dimethoxytoluene, and methyleugenol were tested against P. operculella. The preliminary verification of preventive and control effects of eucarvone, 3,5-dimethoxytoluene and methyleugenol on P. operculella was carried out by simulating warehouse experiments. The results indicated that the six compounds above had fumigation toxic effects on the adults and eggs of P. operculella. Among them, δ-3-carene, γ-terpinene, and terpinolene had weaker fumigation effects than those of eucarvone, 3,5-dimethoxytoluene, and methyleugenol. The LC50 values of eucarvone, 3,5-dimethoxytoluene, and methyleugenol against adult P. operculella were 1.01, 1.78, 1.51 mg/liter air, respectively. The LC50 values against egg P. operculella were 1.09, 0.55, 0.30 mg/liter air, respectively. The oviposition deterrent experiment showed that only methyleugenol (at 5 and 1 mg/ml) and eucarvone (5 mg/ml) had a substantial oviposition deterrent effect. The simulated warehouse experiment verified that methyleugenol, eucarvone, and 3,5-dimethoxytoluene protected potatoes from P. operculella and demonstrated that methyleugenol had the best preventive and control effects. It was concluded that methyleugenol was the active ingredient with the most potential in the volatiles from ARR on P. operculella control and merit further study as botanic fumigant. 相似文献