共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 937 毫秒
1.
樟树人工林生态系统的水分生态效应 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
对樟树人工林生态系统的大气降水、树干茎流、穿透水、林内地表径流、地下径流中N、P、SiO2、K、Ca、Mg、Cu、Fe、Zn、Mn共1O种养分元素含量进行了测定。结果表明：不同月份大气降水养分元素含量不同，各元素各月平均含量按大小排序为Ca〉SiO2〉Zn〉NH4-N〉K〉NO3-N〉Fe〉Mg〉Mn〉P〉Cu。大气降水经过林冠层后，树干茎流、林内穿透水中各养分元素含量变化基本一致，均表现季节动态变化．大多数元素含量增加。树干茎流中各元素含量按大小排序为K〉Ca〉NH4-N〉SiO2〉Mg〉NO3-N〉Zn〉Mn〉Fe〉P〉Cu；林内穿透水中各元素含量按大小排序为Ca〉K〉Zn〉SiO2〉NH4-N〉NO3-N〉Mg〉Mn〉Fe〉P〉Cu。树干茎流中SiO2、Fe、Zn，穿透水中Fe为负淋溶．其余各元素浓度有所增加，在这2项中，除NH4-N、K外，树干茎流中NO3-N、P、SiO2、Ca、Cu、Fe、Zn、Mn养分元素的富集作用均小于穿透水。 相似文献
2.
不同浸提剂以及保存方法对土壤矿质氮测定的影响 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
为探明影响土壤矿质氮测定的因素,从棕壤、潮土和黄棕壤3种类型土壤中各采集10个经不同施肥处理的土样,用连续流动注射分析仪测定经不同浸提剂以及不同保存方法处理后土样的NO3-N和NH4-N含量。结果表明:不论是棕壤、潮土还是黄棕壤,2 mol.L?1 KCl提取硝态氮的数量与0.01 mol.L?1 CaCl2提取的数量相关性均达到P<0.01水平;3种土壤各个土样硝态氮含量的测定值多表现为新鲜土<冷冻土<风干土;将鲜样浸提后作短时间的冷冻处理,其效果与鲜样24 h内的测定结果较接近;土样不同保存方式以及浸提液的保存时间对3种土壤NH4-N测定结果的影响规律不及NO3-N明显。 相似文献
3.
淹水与风干过程中土壤有效磷含量变化研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
新鲜土壤在风干过程中,随着水分含量的减少,土壤中磷的有效性产生显著变化。本文选取了4种水稻土(沙溪庙组、遂宁组、黄壤、自流井组),分别测定鲜样和风干后的样品有效磷含量。结果表明:鲜样有效磷含量高于风干样品,风干后样品的有效磷含量减少程度与土壤的基本性质(水分状况、pH值、有机质)有关,比较发现:与鲜样的水分系数呈负相关、与pH值和有机质含量呈正相关,在各影响因素中水分含量>pH>有机质。 相似文献
4.
风干、烘干对不同热带森林土壤样品NH4—N、NO3—N测定结果的影响 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
采用野外采样及室内测试分析方法，研究了风干、烘干对西双版纳3种不同热带森林（季节雨林、人工林、次生林）0－15m土壤NH4－N、NO3－N测定结果的影响。结果表明，人工林和次生林NH4－N含量表现为：新鲜土＜风干土＜烘干土，而季节雨林则略有不同：新鲜土＜烘干土＜风干土；新鲜土和风干土NO3-N含量差异均不显著，但新鲜土和风干土NO3－N含量均有显著高于烘干土。 相似文献
5.
通过HCl、柠檬酸、EDTA这3种提取剂对Pb、Cd、Cu、Zn污染土壤的漫提试验，研究了土壤清洗洗脱重金属的效果，并探讨了土壤清洗导致K、Ca、Mg、Fe、Mn这几种营养元素的流失和有效性的改变。试验结果表明，土壤清洗能有效地洗脱土壤中的Ph、Cd、Cu、Zn，伺时也造成了土壤中K、Ca、Mg、Fe、Mn的流失，降低了其中部分营养元素的有效性。EDTA对重金属的洗脱能力大于HCl和柠檬酸。HCl漫提造成的K、Ca、Mg的流失量大于柠檬酸和EDTA，柠檬酸浸提造成的Fe流失量大于HCl和EDTA，EDTA漫提造成的Mn流失量大于HCl和柠檬酸。HCl和柠檬酸浸提降低了土壤K、Ca、Mg的有效性EDTA浸提提高了土壤K的有效性。降低了土壤Ca的有效性。在高浓度时（50mmol／L），EDTA显著地降低了土壤Mg的有效性。HCl漫提导致土壤K的有效性下降比柠檬酸严重，高浓度的EDTA浸提导致土壤Ca的有效性下降比HCl和柠檬酸严重。HCl、柠檬酸、EDTA浸提都能提高土壤中Fe的有效性．且EDTA的效应大于其它2种萃取剂；在低浓度时，3种提取剂都能提高土壤中Mn的有效性，且以柠檬酸的作用最为明显，当提取剂浓度增加时，Mn的有效性有所回落。 相似文献
6.
菜地土壤养分的空间变异特征 总被引：4，自引：2，他引：4
通过地统计学、空间分析方法及结合农户施肥调查,对菜地土壤养分的空间变异特征进行研究。结果表明,农户施肥水平差别较大,整体上施磷相对过多,施钾相对较少,土壤OM、NH4+-N、P、K、Ca、Mg和S的变异系数在28.4%～69.2%之间。土壤各养分的空间变异结构有较大区别,土壤OM及NH4+-N的变异具有强烈空间相关性,土壤P、K、Ca、Mg和S养分含量的变异为中等空间相关性。土壤养分的等值线图显示,OM在空间的分布与土壤质地渐变规律相关,NH4+-N呈现南北向的带状分布,P、K、Ca、Mg和S趋于小块状分布。总的来说,施肥等人为因素加剧了土壤矿质养分的空间变异。 相似文献
7.
Mehlich 3浸提剂在茶园土壤养分分析中的应用 总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9
Mehlich 3(M3)浸提剂是一种适合于不同类型土壤、能浸提不同有效态元素的通用浸提剂,而茶园土壤是一类较特殊的酸性土壤,它的强酸性、富铁铝等特性,是否适用M3浸提方式,国内鲜有报导。本文通过对目前较普遍适用茶园土壤的浸提方法与M3浸提剂相比较,结果表明M3浸提茶园土壤各元素有效态含量要高于常用浸提方法,K、Ca、Mg、Cu、Zn、Mn、Cr等元素含量结果相差不大,但Fe含量相差3倍,B、Cd等元素含量结果相差7～8倍,且各元素有效态含量呈极显著正相关。对M3方法及电感耦合等离子体光谱仪(ICP)精密度测定后认为M3方法结合ICP测定精密度高,结果稳定可靠。 相似文献
8.
风干土保存时间和湿土培育时间对黄淮海平原潮土酶活性的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
以经历18年不同施肥管理的土壤为研究对象,阐明它们经过4个不同时间保存或处理后的土壤脲酶、转化酶、脱氢酶、及FDA酶活性的动态变化。处理包括:风干保存30天或鲜土状态、风干保存210天、风干土湿润至田间持水量(25℃)条件下分别培育15天和51天;同时评估这些酶活性的变化程度与土壤本身有机碳含量之间的关系。结果表明,风干土保存时间和风干土湿润后短期培育均对脲酶活性影响很小,但风干土湿润培养51天后其活性则显著降低;随风干土保存时间延长,转化酶活性显著降低;与鲜土相比,风干土湿润培养15天后,脱氢酶活性显著提高,但继续湿润培养至51天后,其活性又降至与鲜土相当,因此风干土湿润培育一定时间后测定的脱氢酶活性可用来代表其田间自然湿度时的状态;FDA酶活性的变异程度最大,与其从鲜土状态至风干状态的活性急剧下降有关。土壤本身有机碳含量与脲酶和脱氢酶的活性变化程度成显著负相关关系,说明土壤有机碳含量是决定它们随环境条件改变而变化的主要因素之一。另外,土壤NH4+-N、NO3--N和可溶性有机碳含量对上述4种处理的响应程度也存在差异。其中风干状态土壤经湿润培育处理后,NH4+-N含量呈先降后升趋势,正好与脲酶活性变化趋势相反;而NO3--N含量整体上呈上升趋势,可溶性有机碳含量则正好相反。 相似文献
9.
湖北省柑橘园土壤养分分级研究 总被引：43，自引：0，他引：43
对湖北省柑橘主产区143个柑橘园0～30cm的土壤样品进行了测试分析。结果表明,全省有89.5%柑橘园土壤pH值适合柑橘生长;有59.4%的柑橘园土壤有机质含量偏低,土壤速效N、P、K缺乏分别为78.3%、44.1%和77.6%;中量元素养分Ca、Mg缺乏分别为39.1%和37.1%;分别有34.3%、20.3%、16.8%、63.6%、35.5%和77.4%的柑橘园缺乏有效Fe、Mn、Cu、Zn、Mo和B。土壤有效Ca、Mg、Fe、Mn、Cu、Mo含量在部分柑橘园存在过量现象,分别占柑橘园的9.8%、4.9%、7.7%、4.9%、3.5%和4.0%。柑橘园土壤pH值、有机质和各种有效养分含量呈现一定的地域性变化,如鄂南柑橘园土壤偏酸,而汉江流域(鄂北)土壤偏碱;鄂南Ca和Mg缺乏程度高,汉江流域含量相对较高,而有效Fe、Mn、Zn含量则相反。调查结果还表明,柑橘园土壤有效Cu和B含量受人为活动的影响非常明显。 相似文献
10.
针对玉溪市设施栽培中存在的土壤盐分富集及养分不平衡问题,采用对比分析方法,将设施栽培土壤与露地栽培土壤配对,采集剖面土样和耕作层混合土样进行化学性状测试分析研究。结果表明,玉溪市设施栽培土壤pH值显著降低,盐分浓度、有机质、有效态N、P、K、S、Cu、Zn、Fe及交换态Mg显著提高,而交换Ca和有效Mn提高不明显;设施栽培土壤养分富集主要在0~10cm土层,且集中在0~2cm的表土层,其中以EC值、有效S、有效K及有效Mn在0~2cm表土层的相对富集量最多。 相似文献
11.
《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2012,43(19):2402-2413
Soil testing is widely adopted as an essential diagnostic tool for identifying soil nutrient factors that limit sustained crop production. A systematic approach for rapid soil testing and fertilizer recommendation has been introduced and widely used in China by Agro Services International (ASI), USA. To verify the usefulness and reliability of the ASI method in soil testing and fertilizer recommendation in comparison with other commonly used traditional soil testing methods, 294 soil samples from major agricultural regions and soil types in China with a wide range of soil pH, from 5.1 to 8.9, were taken and analyzed for available phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) by the ASI multielement extraction solution and selected traditional methods, Olsen extractant for P, ammonium acetate (NH4OAc) extractant for K, and multielement extractant Mehlich 3 for P and K. Also, 46 soils were selected from northern China regions for a greenhouse trial with sorghum seedlings to determine if the soil testing values correlate well with plant response. Results indicated that the amount of soil P extracted by the ASI method (ASI P) was correlated to both soil extractable P tested by the Olsen extractant (Olsen P) and Mehlich 3 extractant (Mehlich 3 P). The correlation coefficient of ASI P with Mehlich 3 P (R2 = 0.86) was greater than that of ASI P with Olsen P (R2 = 0.74) across all selected soils. A good correlation was also found between the exchangeable K from the ASI method with the traditional ammonium acetate method (R2 = 0.81) and the Mehlich 3 method (R2 = 0.85). The results from the greenhouse trial showed that the extractable P and exchangeable K by the ASI multielement extraction solution could be used to represent the fertility status of soil P and K for the selected soils. Regression analysis indicated that the relative dry-matter yield of the sorghum plants can be predicted with either ASI P and ASI K values with the correlation coefficients (R2) values of 0.78 and 0.72 respectively and could be a good measure for soil testing and fertilizer recommendation in the selected soils and regions in China. 相似文献
12.
Urs Schmidhalter 《植物养料与土壤学杂志》2005,168(4):432-438
Crop management can be optimized and nitrogen (N) losses can be reduced with a better knowledge of soil‐nitrogen availability, especially if this information becomes directly available on‐site in a fast and cost‐effective way. In this paper, simple on‐farm methods to determine nitrate‐N in field‐moist soil samples immediately after sampling are described. The procedures include volumetric soil sampling, extraction based on manual shaking with tap water as universally available extractant, filtering soil/extractant mixtures on‐site, on‐site determination of the soil water content, and reflectometric nitrate measurements based on test strips. Using correction factors can compensate the impact of the temperature during the final nitrate measurement. An excellent agreement was found between the developed quick‐test procedures and the standard laboratory procedure. The proposed quick‐test has great potential to enable economical savings for farmers as well as benefiting the environment. 相似文献
13.
基于ASI法的滨海滩涂地水稻测土推荐磷、钾施用量的验证 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
运用土壤养分状况系统研究法(ASI)进行土壤测定和水稻肥料推荐,通过田间小区试验对滨海滩涂地水稻推荐磷、钾施用量进行验证。结果表明,在其它营养元素的施用量均在最佳推荐量条件下,ASI法测土推荐的磷(P2O5)、钾(K2O)最佳施用量(90 kg/hm2、105 kg/hm2)处理的水稻有效分蘖数、穗实粒数、千粒重及产量均是最佳的;且施磷能够显著增加水稻的有效分蘖数,施钾能够显著增加水稻穗粒数和千粒重,最终达到增产的目的。因此,运用ASI法对滨海滩涂地水稻进行测土推荐磷、钾肥的施用量是基本合理的。 相似文献
14.
连续施用酸化粪水对土壤养分淋溶及重金属累积的影响 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
为探索连续施用酸化粪水对土壤养分淋溶及重金属累积情况的影响,采用新鲜粪水和酸化粪水,开展土柱淋溶试验。试验分别设置1个对照组、新鲜粪水和3个不同pH值（6.5、6.0和5.5）的酸化粪水,每个处理分别设置6次粪水淋溶。结果表明：施用新鲜粪水和酸化粪水均能增加土壤养分,施用新鲜粪水、pH值6.5、pH值6.0和pH值5.5的粪水后土壤总养分（N、P、K）的增长幅度分别为1%～40%、15%～66%和5%～21%,重金属Cu和Zn的增长幅度为4%～48%和4%～11%,重金属Cd和Pb的增长幅度为2%～14%和1%～18%;连续施用酸化粪水会使土壤pH降低、土壤电导率值升高以及土壤重金属不断累积,这也是导致土壤环境遭到破坏的风险因素,实际应用过程中应特别注意;建议每两季作物施用一次pH值为6.5的粪水;每三季作物施用一次pH值为6.0的粪水;每四季作物施用一次pH值为5.5的粪水。该研究通过对比分析连续施用新鲜粪水和不同pH值的酸化粪水后土壤养分和重金属浓度的变化,探讨了酸化粪水的还田效果,为连续施用酸化粪水的研究提供技术支撑。 相似文献
15.
《European Journal of Soil Biology》2007,43(2):120-129
Soil biochemical properties are useful indicators of soil quality as they are very sensitive to disturbance. Sample storage or pre-treatments could affect the results in these assays, which are normally determined on fresh samples, kept cold or frozen. The objectives of this study were to (i) evaluate the effect of air-drying or incubation of rewetted air-dried soil samples on microbial biomass carbon (MBC), basal soil respiration (BSR), qCO2 and water soluble carbon (WSC), in soils from different locations, with different degradation status and sampling seasons, and (ii) assess if air-drying or incubation of rewetted air-dried soil samples is an accurate sample storage and pre-treatment procedure for these soil properties in soil quality evaluations under semiarid Mediterranean conditions. Our results showed that air-drying does not have the same effects on MBC, BSR, qCO2 and WSC depending on the geographical situation and sampling date. It seems that the warmest and driest place and season show less variation when using air-dried soil samples, with values representative of those obtained under field-moist conditions. Short incubations (4, 8 and 12 days at 23 °C) provoked a general decrease in all properties, probably due to labile organic compounds depletion. Hence, air-dried soils can be used as part of soil quality analysis to estimate these biochemical properties in summer time in the semiarid region of South-East Spain, because they have not suffered severe affections. Moreover, MBC could also be determined using air-dried soil in the driest zones during all year. In contrast, estimations with incubated soil samples are not, in any case, representative of field-moist soil values. 相似文献
16.
《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2012,43(3):381-391
The purpose of the present study was to compare the ability of three micronutrient soil-test extractants [diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA), Mehlich 3, and Soltanpour and Schwab] to determine plant-available concentrations of manganese (Mn), iron (Fe), and zinc (Zn) in three soils (from parent material Marl, Gneiss schist, and Peridotite) from central Macedonia, northern Greece. In black plastic bags containing 3 kg of air-dried soil, self-rooted olive plants (cv. Chondrolia Chalkidikis) were grown for about 5 months and irrigated with distilled water during the experimental period. At the end of the experimental period, the three extractants were evaluated, based on correlation analysis among leaf micronutrient concentrations, total plant micronutrient content of olive plants, and soil micronutrient concentrations determined by each extractant. The largest extractable concentrations of Mn, Fe, and Zn were determined by Mehlich 3, compared to the other two soil-test extractants. However, for the correlation analysis, the greatest correlation coefficient between leaf Mn (and total plant Mn content) and soil extractable Mn was achieved when DTPA was used (varying from 0.76 to 0.88, depending on soil type). Therefore, it is concluded that DTPA was a better extractant to determine plant-available Mn than the other extractants for the three soils studied. For correlations between leaf Fe and Zn concentrations and also for total plant Fe and Zn content, and soil extractable concentrations, the type of extractant and soil type play a very important role in determining the best correlation. This means that in each soil type the greatest correlation was achieved with the use of other extractant. For example, for Fe in the Marl and Peridotite soils the best correlation was found for Mehlich 3, whereas in the Gneiss schist the best correlation was achieved for DTPA (R = 0.72–0.94). For Zn, in the Gneiss schist soil the best extractant in determining plant available concentration was Soltanpour and Schwab (R = 0.49–0.60), whereas in the other two soil types DTPA was found to be the most reliable extractant (R = 0.51–0.78). Therefore, soil type should be carefully and thoroughly studied by the researchers in similar future experiments. 相似文献
17.
F. Troitio F. Gil‐Sotres M.C. Leirs C. Trasar‐Cepeda S. Seoane 《Land Degradation \u0026amp; Development》2008,19(1):21-35
Although land use clearly modifies soil properties, the intensity of the modifications depends on the management procedures and also on the soil properties themselves. To enable construction of models that describe soil nutrient losses, extensive databases corresponding to soils under different land use must be made available. Analysis of 404 samples of soils (from Galicia, NW Spain), under different types of use revealed that most of the soil properties underwent changes in the following order: forest use (least modified) ‐ grassland ‐ arable (most modified). Decreases in the contents of organic matter, extractable oxides and P‐adsorption capacity followed the same order, as did increases in the contents of available P (total, inorganic and organic), P desorbed with distilled water, and degree of P saturation. In general, in all of the soils, independently of their use, the amount of P desorbed (whether total P, molybdate reactive P or particulate P) was more closely related to the degree of P saturation than to the levels of P extracted with bicarbonate. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
18.
稻秸还田提高我国南方典型稻田冬绿肥产量和养分积累 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
19.
植烟沙泥田土掺混紫色土对土壤酶活性及理化性质的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为了探讨南雄烟区植烟沙泥田土壤改良新途径,采用盆栽方法研究了沙泥田土掺不同比例紫色土后土壤的理化性质和相关酶活性的变化规律。结果表明:当沙泥田土掺混10%~50%的紫色土后,土壤的砂粒含量逐渐下降到11.57%,粉粒含量逐渐上升到62.19%,土壤质地由壤土逐渐变为粉砂壤土,pH值从微酸性逐渐变成弱碱性;氧化还原酶类酶的活性逐渐增强,水解酶类酶活性则逐渐减弱,微量元素含量(钼除外)逐渐降低,中量元素交换性钙和交换性镁含量分别比对照(A1)增加了313%和37.1%;当沙泥田土掺混30%紫色土时,全钾和缓效钾含量分别比对照(A1)高出50%和69.2%,但其它养分含量有不同程度下降;相关分析结果表明,土壤酶活性受到土壤养分和中微量元素含量的影响,过氧化氢酶、多酚氧化酶、酸性磷酸酶和中性磷酸酶活性与pH值、有机质、全氮、碱解氮、有效磷、全钾和速效钾等养分含量均达到显著或极显著相关水平;有效铜、有效锌、有效硼、交换性钙和交换性镁含量与过氧化氢酶、过氧化物酶、多酚氧化酶和中性磷酸酶活性均达到显著或极显著相关水平;通过主成分分析得出沙泥田土掺混10%紫色土后的土壤因子综合主成分分值最高,掺混效果最好。 相似文献