共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 459 毫秒
1.
本研究应用除草剂氟乐灵处理两叶一心幼苗生长点,进行同源四倍体萝卜种质诱导,对变异植株进行形态、细胞学鉴定和花粉母细胞染色体数目鉴定.结果表明,应用0.2 mmol/L和1.0 mmol/L氟乐灵处理,6个萝卜品种都获得同源四倍体植株,10 mmol/L处理仅在Nau-zhqh得到同源四倍体;其中0.2 mmol/L处理Nau-dy和1.0 mmol/L处理Nau-xbch获得四倍体最高诱导率（40%）;四倍体种质与二倍体种质相比,形态性状、气孔大小、保卫细胞内叶绿体数目、花器官大小、花粉粒大小及花粉萌发率都存在显著差异,将形态、气孔鉴定和染色体计数结合可以准确确定变异株的倍性.研究表明利用氟乐灵诱导是进行萝卜同源四倍体种质创新的有效途径之一. 相似文献
2.
秋水仙碱诱导栝楼四倍体 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
采用改良L.D.Cua法诱导短把栝楼获得四倍体,研究了0.2%浓度的秋水仙碱诱导短把栝楼染色体倍性变异的最佳处理时间、四倍体栝楼与原栝楼的形态特征及其四倍体与二倍体的细胞学鉴定。结果表明：0.2%秋水仙素的最佳处理时间为72 h,诱变率达82.1%。与二倍体相比,四倍体表现为：生长变缓;叶片增大、皱缩和变厚、叶形指数减小;叶片保卫细胞增大,气孔密度降低,叶绿体数目增加,叶色加深。根尖压片表明：二倍体的染色体数目为2n=66,大部分四倍体植株的染色体数目为2n=132,M2代部分四倍体植株也存在嵌合现象。 相似文献
3.
甘蓝类植物小孢子培养及植株再生研究 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
对3个甘蓝类植物(甘蓝、青花菜、羽衣甘蓝)19个品种小孢子胚胎发生和植株再生的影响因素进行了研究,结果表明,基因型不仅影响供试材料的小孢子胚状体发生频率,也影响胚状体的质量;4℃低温预处理0 ～2d结合32.5℃热激1d,能显著提高供试基因型小孢子出胚率.胚状体先在NLN-13液体培养基中培养25d,有利于胚状体分化成苗;后在B5固体分化培养基中添加1％ ～1.2％琼脂,可有效促进胚状体萌发和植株再生.小孢子再生植株先使用流式细胞仪在生长初期鉴定倍性,后对单倍体植株采用200mg·L-1秋水仙碱浸根处理20h,并用流式细胞仪鉴定,此方法可快速、有效地获得双单倍体植株. 相似文献
4.
刘丕庆 《广西农业生物科学》1998,(4)
利用组织培养技术研究愈伤组织的倍性、品种、外植体对野生型愈伤组织中耐盐细胞频率的影响。发现 :( 1)单倍体和二倍体愈伤组织的耐盐细胞频率比较接近 ,四倍体愈伤组织的耐盐细胞频率一般比单倍体和二倍体愈伤组织的小 ;( 2 )不同品种的耐盐细胞频率差异大 ;( 3)二倍体植株幼穗培养产生的二倍体愈伤组织和四倍体植株花药培养产生的二倍体愈伤组织的耐盐细胞频率没有显著的差异 相似文献
5.
为进一步优化不结球白菜游离小孢子培养技术体系,本研究以20个不同基因型的不结球白菜为试验材料,研究不同基因型、4℃低温胁迫处理时间和头孢噻胯浓度对游离小孢子胚胎发生的影响,并对小孢子胚胎发育和再生过程进行观察和倍性鉴定。结果表明,当花瓣/花药(P/A)长度比值为0.85～1.10时,不结球白菜小孢子主要处于单核晚期;共有10个基因型不结球白菜出胚,其中出胚率最大的为H20,平均出胚率为7.75胚·10蕾-1;4℃低温胁迫处理1 d时不结球白菜出胚率最高;头孢噻胯对不结球白菜出胚率的影响与基因型密切相关;从胚状体到再生幼苗阶段,不结球白菜基因型不同,其胚胎再生频率也不同;倍性鉴定共检测出21个双单倍体和2个单倍体,自然加倍率为91.3%,不结球白菜植株形态表现出明显的多样性。本研究结果为不结球白菜游离小孢子高效培养体系的优化提供了一定的技术支撑。 相似文献
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7.
为获得优质高花青苷的同源四倍体不结球白菜紫菜薹Lcx025b新材料,本研究利用浓度为0.2%(w/v)的秋水仙素溶液处理二倍体Lcx025b幼苗的子叶生长点,通过形态学、细胞学、流式细胞仪测定等方法筛选鉴定得到同源四倍体植株,通过农艺性状指标、营养品质、光合特性、抗病能力等方面对二、四倍体植株进行比较分析。结果表明,相较于二倍体植株,四倍体植株在形态学方面表现出巨大性,具体表现为叶片的长宽比显著减小,叶片趋于扁圆形,花器官、种荚、种子等明显增大,菜薹颜色加深;叶片气孔明显增大,气孔密度减小;花粉粒表现出明显不规则性;四倍体植株根尖细胞染色体的数目以及通过流式细胞仪分析的四倍体植株DNA的荧光强度都表现为二倍体的两倍;营养品质方面,可溶性糖、菜薹花青苷含量显著增加,纤维素、硝态氮含量显著减少,可溶性蛋白、叶绿素含量无显著变化;结合光响应曲线分析,四倍体光合能力更强,适应性更高;此外,在抗病性鉴定过程中,四倍体植株对灰霉菌的抗性明显优于二倍体植株。综上,本研究获得了高花青苷的同源四倍体不结球白菜紫菜薹Lcx025b新材料,为不结球白菜的种质资源创新提供了重要的材料支撑。 相似文献
8.
大叶铁线莲四倍体的诱导及初步鉴定 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
以毛茛科铁线莲属植物大叶铁线莲为试验材料,采用初生分生组织处理法用0.2%秋水仙碱溶胶诱导大叶铁线莲顶芽以期获得多倍体。本研究探讨了秋水仙碱诱导大叶铁线莲的最佳处理时间,并对所得的诱变株进行形态学和细胞遗传学鉴定。结果表明:0.2%秋水仙碱诱导多倍体最佳时间为48h,诱导率可高达80%。形态学方面,所得变异株与对照株叶片相比,叶片加长、加宽、增厚,叶形指数变小。变异株的叶片下表皮气孔明显大于对照,而气孔密度明显小于对照;保卫细胞中的叶绿体数目明显高于其二倍体对照;SPAD值表明叶绿素含量也有明显增加。根尖有丝分裂细胞学鉴定结果表明:对照株的染色体数目均为16(2n=2x),而变异株的染色体数为32(2n=4x),由此表明本研究通过秋水仙碱诱导大叶铁线莲成功获得四倍体。 相似文献
9.
测量了水稻花培再生植株的花序长度，植株高度和颖长，发现只有颖长可以将再生植株明显分成３９在。细胞深安颖长划分的３类植株分别为单倍体、二倍体和三倍体。由辐照愈伤细胞再生的植株也获得相似结果。辐照虽会引起生理失调，但以颖长作为水稻植株倍性水平的指标较为可靠。 相似文献
10.
微管蛋白荧光探针的制备及其在蚕豆叶片保卫细胞中的组装 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
从新鲜猪脑中提取微管蛋白(两个循环的解聚甘聚合超速离心)，经DEAE-Sephadex A50离子层析纯化及罗丹明荧光标记，得到浓度为10．8mg/mL和染料蛋白比0．6(Dye／Protein=0．6)的猪脑微管蛋白荧光探针。将其显微注射于蚕豆(vicia faba L.)叶片下表皮的保卫细胞中，激光共聚焦扫描显微镜(confocal laser scanning microscope，CLSM）下观察，发现该荧光标记微管蛋白可以顺利地组装到保卫细胞的微管骨架上，5～10min即可清楚地观察到整合于保卫细胞中的微管网络。在开放气孔保卫细胞中，周质微管(cortical microtubule)沿细胞的腹壁向背壁辐射状排布；而关闭气孔保卫细胞中周质微管则解聚为零碎小片段。以上实验结果为在活体条件下，进一步精细研究气孔运动过程中保卫细胞微管骨架的动态变化提供了可靠的实验基础。 相似文献
11.
空间环境对草地早熟禾诱变效应研究Ⅰ--突变体叶片解剖结构变异观察 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
“神舟3号”飞船搭载草地早熟禾‘Nassu’干种子,地面种植后筛选出突变株系PM1、PM2和PM3。观察其叶片表面结构和叶肉细胞超微结构,结果表明:3个突变株系的叶片气孔密度增大,气孔面积减少,单位视野中气孔所占面积比则变化不大;叶肉细胞中叶绿体体积增大,形状变圆并移向细胞中央;PM3株系白绿相间叶片的白色部分,其叶肉细胞中叶绿体多数正在或已经消解,结构不完整。在各突变株系中淀粉粒数量却有不同程度的增加。 相似文献
12.
选择 土为供试土壤, 进行盆栽玉米试验, 设定0和5.0 mg·kg-1两个锌处理, 按土壤饱和持水量的40%~45%和70%~75%在玉米的4叶1心期实施干旱和正常水分处理。生长50 d后, 测定不同土壤水分与锌供应状况下植株生物量和锌含量, 利用透射电子显微镜观察完全伸展新叶的超微结构变化, 以期揭示不同土壤水分供应下, 植物对施锌的响应机理。结果表明: 土壤水分供应充足条件下, 与不施锌相比, 施锌玉米地上部生物量和总干重分别增加78%和52%, 根系和地上部锌含量和锌吸收量增加较多; 而干旱条件下, 施锌对玉米生物量无显著影响。干旱条件下缺锌玉米叶片维管束鞘细胞中叶绿体结构基本保持完好, 淀粉粒和基质片层清晰可见, 但叶肉细胞中叶绿体膜受损, 基质片层结构出现皱缩, 基粒片层减少; 施锌玉米叶片维管束鞘细胞中叶绿体结构保持完好, 叶绿体周围的线粒体数目较多, 叶肉细胞中叶绿体中脂肪颗粒增多, 叶片维管束鞘细胞与叶肉细胞之间可见清晰的胞间连丝。土壤水分充足处理下, 缺锌叶片细胞膜出现皱缩, 维管束鞘细胞叶绿体淀粉粒增多, 片层结构受损, 严重时维管束鞘细胞中内溶物消失, 残存的叶绿体中仅有淀粉粒和少许片层; 叶肉细胞中叶绿体可见淀粉粒, 但片层结构少, 有些出现断裂、收缩。土壤水分充足条件下, 施锌玉米维管束鞘核叶肉细胞结构清晰, 叶绿体结构完整。结论认为: 锌对干旱胁迫下玉米叶片细胞结构的破坏有一定的缓解作用; 但土壤水分正常供应下, 缺锌导致细胞结构受损程度比干旱情况下更严重。 相似文献
13.
硫胁迫对油菜超微结构及超细胞水平硫分布的影响 总被引：16，自引：0，他引：16
利用温室砂培盆栽试验,结合油菜缺硫症状的形态表现特征,进行了硫胁迫条件下油菜营养与生殖器官超微结构及超细胞水平硫素分布的电子探针分析。结果表明,硫胁迫导致油菜叶片皱缩,叶脉聚集、扭曲、隆起,气孔张开、变形,叶肉细胞叶绿体基粒片层松弛、肿胀,淀粉积累;花瓣细胞质发育不良,细胞内含物颗粒呈聚集状;柱头细胞器排列不规则,质膜呈断续状,细胞壁松弛、增厚;花粉粒发育不全,形状不规则,多呈扁瘪、畸形,纹饰不整齐,条脊不规则,穿孔大小不均,花粉壁发育不完善,淀粉粒出现积累并呈复合状。缺硫还显著降低油菜超细胞水平的硫素分布,尤其对叶绿体、生物膜及线粒体等的影响更严重。 相似文献
14.
《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2012,43(12):1551-1565
In agriculture there is a tendency to reduce spacing between plant rows, both for perennial and annual plants. Yield gains have been associated with the use of this technique. However, in the case of perennial plants, this technique was found to reduce productivity in older orchards because of the greater competition between plants caused by the increased volume of the crown and root system, resulting in lower photosynthetic efficiency, increased infestation with fungal diseases, and greater competition in nutrient uptake. In addition to yield, efficient management should consider soil fertility, nutritional status, and the growth of the guarana variety. The present study aimed to assess the effects of spacing and plant density on grain yield, soil fertility, and nutritional status of two guarana varieties (BRS Amazonas and BRS Maués). The plant density studied were 625 (4 m × 4 m), 833 (4 m × 3 m), 1,111 (3 m × 3 m), 1,666 (3 m × 2 m), 2,500 (2 m × 2 m), and 5,000 (2 m × 1 m) plants per hectare distributed in randomized block design with three replicates. The high plant density has significantly increased grain yield in the guarana varieties, with changes in launch number, trunk diameter, and crown diameter. Regarding macronutrients, in the average of the varieties, the mean foliar concentration had the following sequence: nitrogen (N) > potassium (K) > calcium (Ca) > phosphorus (P) > sulfur (S) > magnesium (Mg), whereas for micronutrients it was manganese (Mn) > iron (Fe) > boron (B) > zinc (Zn) > copper (Cu). The differences in the foliar concentrations of the varieties and in soil fertility are important tools for the selection of materials with better capacity of uptake and/or translocation of nutrients, resulting in greater grain yield. 相似文献
15.
The seedlings of the soybean ( Glycine max. (L.) Merr.) cv. Polan were investigated by subjecting them to water culture for a period of 14 d. To the Knop nutrient solution, lead was added as PbCl2 at four concentrations: 0, 10, 20 and 40 mg dm−3 . Observations of soybean leaf tissues were carried out by light microscopy, transmission electron microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. The Pb levels used in the present study reduced the area of cotyledons and leaf blades of the soybean plants. Pb-induced changes in the leaf epidermis structure involved a reduction in the cell size, more abundant wax coating, and an increase in the number of stomata and trichomes per unit area with simultaneous reduction in the size of the guard cells. The lead treatment resulted in the reduction in the thickness of the leaf blades, reduction in the area of xylem and phloem in the vascular bundles and in the diameter of the xylem vessels. Under Pb stress, the leaf mesophyll cells were characterized by the presence of altered chloroplasts with a reduced lamellar system and multidirectional pattern of the thylakoid system. Burst stroma of the thylakoid system and cracked chloroplast envelopes were also observed. The importance of the increase in the number of stomata and trichomes for plants under the metal stress was examined. 相似文献
16.
Maize (Zea mays L.) growth and yield are most sensitive to variations in plant density and nitrogen (N) in north-western Pakistan. This study was conducted on the Agricultural Research Farm of NWFP (North West Frontier Province) Agricultural University, Peshawar, from 2002–2004 to establish an accurate plant density and N management system aimed at high yield of maize. The 2 × 3 × 6 factorial experiment was designed having two plant densities (P1 = 60,000 and P2 = 100,000 plants ha?1) and three nitrogen rates (N1 = 60, N2 = 120 and N3 = 180 kg N ha?1) applied to the main plots, while six split application for N in different proportions were applied to subplots at different growth stages of maize in two equal (S1), three equal (S2), three unequal (S3), four equal (S4), five equal (S5) and five unequal splits (S6) at sowing and with 1st, 2nd, 3rd and 4th irrigation at two-week intervals. Growth rate and yield increased with elevated dose and number of N split applications. Improved endurance to high stands allowed maize to intercept and use solar radiation more efficiently, contributing to the remarkable increase in the crop growth rate and yield. 相似文献
17.
Rakesh Kumar Saurabh Sharma Kulasekaran Ramesh Bikram Singh 《Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science》2013,59(7):963-979
During 2008 and 2009, field experiments were conducted at the research farm of CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, India to assess the effect of shade levels (no shade, 25% shade, 50% shade, 75% shade) and plant geometry levels [30 × 15 cm (north–south, N–S), 45 × 10 cm (N–S), 30 × 15 cm (east–west, E–W) and 45 × 10 cm (E–W)] on the growth, yield and quality of stevia. Plant development was fastest in controls and slowest in stevia plants growing at minimum light (75% shade). These plants showed delayed bud formation and flowering. Significantly, higher dry leaf yield was recorded when the crop was grown under 25% shading than under 50 and 75% shade. Total steviol glycosides content decreased with increasing shade levels. All shade levels resulted in the same leaf-to-stem ratio, which was significantly higher than that obtained under ambient light. Plant geometry significantly affected the number of leaves and leaf dry weight plant–1. During both years, dry leaf weight was highest in the wider row spacing (45 × 10 cm) than in the narrow row spacing (30 × 15 cm). Stevia spaced at 30 × 15 cm in an E–W direction recorded significantly higher total steviol glycosides at 2 months after transplanting (MAT). 相似文献
18.
连续施用生物有机肥对烟草青枯病的防治效果 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3
分离获得一株对烟草青枯病病原菌茄科劳尔氏菌(Ralstonia solanacearum,简称RS)具有较强拮抗能力的拮抗菌(SQR11)并制成生物有机肥,研究了连续施用该生物有机肥对烟草青枯病的防治效果。结合生理生化和16SrDNA技术鉴定,菌株SQR11被鉴定为解淀粉芽孢杆菌。施用该生物有机肥后第一季烟草青枯病的生物防治率达到47%以上,第二季为69%以上,第三季达到89%以上。第三批盆栽实验表明,当根际土中病原菌数量达到2×105cfu/g干土时,植株出现发病症状,随着病原菌数量的增加,发病症状加重。当根际土中拮抗菌活菌数量达到2×107cfu/g干土时,病原菌繁殖得到有效抑制,可有效阻止植株染病;若低于107cfu/g干土,则不能有效抑制病原菌增殖,植株表现发病症状。植株各组织内拮抗菌数量检测发现,未发病植株茎部拮抗细菌数量为4×104cfu/g(组织鲜重,下同)左右,而同处理中发病症状的植株茎部拮抗细菌数量仅为6×103cfu/g;相对应的病原菌数量分别为1.5×102cfu/g(健康植株)和3×103cfu/g(发病植株)。SQR11菌株制成的生物有机肥还具有较好的促生作用。总之,利用拮抗菌SQR11菌株制成的生物有机肥对烟草青枯病具有显著的生物防治作用,在根部进行大量定殖后可有效防止病原菌的侵入,能够获得显著的生防效果。 相似文献
19.
《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2012,43(1-2):143-154
Abstract Production of high‐quality sugar beets requires precise nitrogen (N) fertilizer management with N recommendations based on a measurement of residual nitrate‐N to 120 cm (4 ft) soil depth. The objective of this study was to determine the agronomic and economic aspects of using different grid cell sizes for sampling soil nitrate‐N. A 5‐ha field (12.4 acre) was soil sampled for nitrate‐N using 18.3×18.3 m grid cells in 1997 and 1998. Nitrogen application maps for four different grid cell sizes 18.3×18.3 m (60×60 ft), 54.9×54.9 m (180×180 ft), 91.4×91.4 m (300×300 ft), and 128×128 m (420×420 ft) were developed from these soil samples and compared with a conventional average for each field. The five nitrogen fertilizer treatments adjusted for grid cell size were applied with a fertilizer truck equipped with a variable rate applicator in two replicates of 274‐m long strips. Sugar beet quality was determined on root samples taken immediately before root harvest on a 18.3×18.3 grid. Root yield was determined with a conventional harvester equipped with a yield monitor. The nitrogen fertilizer application maps derived from the 54.9×54.9 m, 91.4×91.4 m, and 128×128 m soil sampling grids were similar in 1997. The application map derived from 18.3×18.3 m grid cell size was different from the application maps derived from larger grid cell sizes. Although there were differences in N application maps, there were no differences in root yield, root quality, or recoverable sucrose among grid cell sizes or constant rate applications in either 1997 or 1998. 相似文献