首页 | 本学科首页   官方微博 | 高级检索  
相似文献
 共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 78 毫秒
1.
Reasons for performing study: The prevalence (up to 93% in Thoroughbred racehorses) and severity of equine gastric ulceration syndrome (EGUS) has been associated with type of training and differing management practices. However, there have been few studies to confirm these findings in nonracehorses in Europe. Objectives: To investigate the prevalence of EGUS in a population of Danish horses, during winter when the horses had been housed and fed for at least 8 weeks and to analyse the influence of feed, work level and environment on the risk of EGUS of §grade 2 in severity. Methods: A total of 201 horses, not in active race‐training, were evaluated, representing 23 different stables from all 5 regions within Denmark. All horses were considered to be healthy and not on medical treatment for EGUS. Endoscopically observed ulcer lesion scores were based on the number present (0–4) and severity (0–5). Univariate and multivariable mixed effects logistic regression models were developed using EGUS score as the dependent variable. An ulceration severity score of §2 was regarded as being clinically significant. Separate models were developed for horses with ulcers in either the glandular or nonglandular regions of the stomach graded §2 (EGUS §2) and for those horses that had nonglandular ulcers graded §2 (NG §2). Results: In this population, 53% (107/201) of horses were graded as having EGUS §2 with 95 (47%) horses having NG §2. Three variables were significantly (P<0.05) associated with EGUS §2: straw being the only forage available; exceeding 2 g/kg bwt of starch intake/day or §1 g/kg bwt/meal; and water not being available in the turn out paddock. Risk of NG §2 significantly increased when straw was the only forage available, 1 g/kg bwt of starch/meal was exceeded, water was not available in the turnout paddock and the interval between forage feeding was <6 h. Conclusion and potential relevance: This study has confirmed that components of the diet, readily modifiable, may have an important impact on the risk of EGUS in the nonracehorse. Differences in the multivariable models produced for all ulcers and nonglandular ulcers support differences in the aetiology of ulcers in different locations of the stomach.  相似文献   

2.
The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of increasing the intake of starch on the glycaemic and insulinaemic responses of horses. A cross-over study design was used in which four horses were fed increasing amounts of a compound feed (0.5–3.5 kg) to provide 0.3, 0.6, 0.8, 1.1, 1.4 and 2 g starch/kg bodyweight (BW)/meal. The glycaemic response increased with starch intake (P < 0.05), while feeding <1.1 g starch/kg BW resulted in a lowered response, compared to when 1.1–2 g starch/kg BW was fed (P < 0.01). The results suggested that insulin responses may be more appropriate to define the effect of feeding different starch levels than glycaemic responses. A starch intake of <1.1 g/kg BW/meal produced only moderate glucose and insulin responses, even though highly processed cereals were used. It is therefore recommended that a starch intake of <1.1 g/kg BW/meal or a meal size of 0.3 kg/100 kg BW (starch content of 30–40%) is used for horses.  相似文献   

3.
The study was performed on 39 live donkeys that underwent gastroscopic examination. The lesions were recorded in accordance with the European College of Equine Internal Medicine Consensus Statement guidelines. The presence of Gasterophilus sp. larvae was also recorded. Larvae were collected and identified to species level. Fisher's exact test was used to compare different prevalence values for sex, age, and anatomical distribution of lesions. Gastric lesions were present in 20/39 (51.3% [35.6–67%]) donkeys; 19/39 (48.7% [95% confidence interval = 33–64.4%]) were affected only by equine squamous gastric disease (ESGD), while 1/39 (2.6% [0–7.5%]) showed both ESGD and equine glandular gastric disease (EGGD), thus 95% of positive donkeys showed lesions located in the nonglandular mucosa. The ESGD grade was 0/4 (48.7% [33–64.4%]) in 19/39, 1/4 (12.8% [2.3–23.3%]) in 5/39, 2/4 (25.6% [11.9–39.5%]) in 10/39, 3/4 in 4/39 (10.3% [0.7–19.8%]) and 4/4 in 1/39 (2.6% [0–7.5%]) donkeys, respectively. The EGGD lesion was a mild depression in the ventral glandular fundus. ESGD was primary in all the donkeys included and lesions were located around the cardia and along the lesser curvature. Gasterophilus sp. larvae were present in all animals and were identified as third‐stage larvae of Gasterophilus intestinalis. No animals showed clinical signs of equine gastric ulcer syndrome (EGUS). No significant differences relating to sex, age or breed were found in the prevalence of EGUS in this study, while the proportion of donkeys affected by ESGD was statistically higher than those affected by EGGD. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on the gastroscopic evaluation of EGUS in live donkeys. Our results show a higher prevalence of EGUS in live donkeys than values previously reported by other authors in donkeys that were dead or had been subjected to euthanasia. The detection of third‐stage G. intestinalis larvae was not unexpected since these can be found in the stomach of equids throughout the year, and G. intestinalis has been reported as the most common Gasterophilus sp. in Italy.  相似文献   

4.
Management of the performance horse often incorporates meal feeding of highly digestible starches and reduced access to high-fiber forage. Such regimens are associated with equine gastric ulceration syndrome (EGUS) and can alter hindgut homeostasis. In-feed buffering of gastric contents and promotion of energy derivation from high-fiber forage in the hindgut are therefore desirable properties of a nutritional supplement. A marine-derived, multimineral supplement with known buffering properties containing calcium, magnesium, and short-chain fructo-oligosaccharides (scFOS) was tested under in vitro simulations of equine stomach and hindgut conditions. Six fiber:concentrate diets were incubated for 4 hours with or without the supplement at 37°C in pepsin HCl solution adjusted to pH 4.1 and 2.6. pH was measured at 1, 2, and 4 hours postincubation. Highest overall pH values were observed with the high cereal feeds; however, the supplement significantly increased (P < .001) the pH across all feeds by 0.17 and 0.19 for feeds incubated at pH 4.1 and 2.6, respectively. A gas production technique was used to measure the fermentation of four fiber:concentrate diets with and without additional supplement, using equine feces as the microbial inoculum. Addition of the supplement decreased (P < .05) the lag time and increased the initial fermentation rate, although as the incubation continued, this effect was reduced. These results demonstrate that the supplement had a significant buffering action for 4-6 hours under simulated in vitro stomach digestion conditions and also stimulated in vitro hindgut fermentation activities.  相似文献   

5.
Oral omeprazole has been the cornerstone of equine gastric ulcer syndrome (EGUS) treatment for nearly 20 years. However, approximately 15–30% of equine squamous gastric disease (ESGD) cases and 75% of equine glandular gastric disease (EGGD) cases fail to heal within current treatment guidelines. Recently, a number of factors that may affect the efficacy of oral omeprazole have been highlighted and the pharmacodynamics of a number of novel proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) have been described in the horse. The purpose of this article is to review the factors that affect oral omeprazole efficacy, with the goal of maximising therapeutic response, and the novel PPIs recently described.  相似文献   

6.
Low gastric pH for extended periods of time can increase the risk of gastric ulceration in horses. Therefore, nutritional interventions that buffer stomach acid may be helpful to decrease ulcer risk. The objective of this trial was to evaluate whether the incorporation of calcified Lithothamnion corallioides and Phymatolithon calcareum (Calmin; Celtic Sea Minerals, Cork, Ireland) into an equine ration would buffer equine gastric juice. Nine mature, Thoroughbred-cross horses, including 6 geldings and 3 mares (524 ± 49 kg) were housed in stalls and fed 2 kg/day of a texturized concentrate (Purina Omolene 100) and 1.5% BW grass hay/day. On testing days 0, 7, and 14, the horses received one of three pelleted dietary treatments (CON, MIN1 ×, MIN2 ×) in a randomized, crossover design. CON contained no added Calmin, MIN1 × provided Calmin at a 1 × concentration, and MIN2 × provided a 2 × dose. All horses underwent gastroscopy (Karl Storz, El Segundo, CA) prior to feeding the treatments, and at 2 and 4 hours postfeeding. Gastric juice was aspirated and pH measured using a benchtop pH meter (ThermoOrion pH Meter Model 410A). Overall, there was a significant time effect (P < .0001) with an increase in gastric juice pH from time 0 (2.31 ± 0.58) to 2 hours (5.52 ± 0.48) and 4 hours (3.59 ± 0.48). Gastric juice pH at 2 hours was higher (P = .0122) in MIN1 × (5.92 ± 0.58) and MIN2 × (5.92 ± 0.57) than CON (5.08 ± 0.58). These results demonstrate that adding Calmin to a meal increases buffering capacity at 2 hours postfeeding.  相似文献   

7.
Reasons for performing the study: Equine gastric ulcers syndrome (EGUS) prevalence studies are rare in the endurance horse and none has been carried out to date in horses competing at high level. Objectives: To determine the prevalence of EGUS in high‐level endurance horses. Methods: Thirty endurance horses competing at high level were selected and submitted to 2 gastroscopic examinations. The first gastroscopy was performed during the interseason period, and the second during the competition season within 2–3 days following a ride of 90–160 km. Data related to housing, feeding, training system as well as age, breed and gender were recorded for each horse. Results: The prevalence of squamous gastric ulcers was 48% during the interseason period (mean score 0.85 ± 0.13 on a scale from 0–4) and 93% during the competition season (mean score 1.60 ± 1.15) with a highly significant difference between the seasons (P = 0.001). Most of the lesions were situated in the squamous portion of the stomach but 33.3% of horses showed also glandular lesions. Significant influence of training and performance level on the gastric score (according to the distance of the ride preceding the second gastroscopy) was shown (P = 0.038). There was also a significant influence of housing on the gastric score (P = 0.002) showing higher scores in the horses kept totally on pasture (mean score: 2.14 ± 0.14) vs. horses housed in a mixed environment (stable + pasture, mean score: 1.43 ± 0.17). Both the pastured and (stabled + pastured) groups were receiving a grain supplement but the pastured group received a higher daily starch intake, which might explain the higher ulcer prevalence. There was no influence of age, breed or gender on the gastric scores. Conclusions: The high prevalence of gastric lesions observed in this study is probably related to the high level of training and performance of the horses examined compared to the population of horses included in the prior study. Potential relevance: This prevalence of EGUS in high‐level endurance horses is comparable to the prevalence established in racing horses. The equine veterinarians may take into consideration EGUS as a potential cause of poor performance.  相似文献   

8.
Reasons for performing study: The prevalence (up to 93% in Thoroughbred racehorses) and severity of equine gastric ulceration syndrome (EGUS) have been correlated with the type of training and associated management practices. However, there have been few reports to confirm these findings in nonracehorses in Europe. Objectives: To describe the prevalence, anatomical distribution, severity and number of gastric ulceration lesions in a population of Danish pleasure horses; and to investigate differences for groups based on age, breed type and workload. Methods: A total of 201 horses not in active race‐training, age 7 months‐27 years, were evaluated, representing 23 different stables from all 5 regions of Denmark. These horses were considered to be healthy by the owner and not on veterinary treatment for EGUS. Endoscopically observed ulcer lesion scores were based on the number present (0–4) and severity (0–5). The presence or absence of ulcers in the glandular and/or nonglandular regions of the stomach was recorded and which site the most severe ulcers were found. Results: The prevalence of EGUS severity score ≥2 was 53%. The most severe lesions were commonly observed at the margo plicatus. Although older horses were not more likely to be affected by clinically significant EGUS they were more likely to have lesions in both the glandular and nonglandular regions. Differences in location of EGUS lesions were identified in different age groups, breed types and in horses exposed to different levels of work. Conclusion and potential relevance: This study confirms that gastric ulceration can be prevalent in a group of apparently clinically normal horses, not in intensive work. Further investigation of reasons for differences in EGUS location between different populations may aid toward the development of novel preventive measures.  相似文献   

9.
To date, prevention of equine gastric ulcer syndrome (EGUS) has relied on management changes or pharmaceutical agents. The identification of an alternative means of prevention would be useful. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the combination of Apolectol, a live yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae [CNCM I-1077]), and magnesium hydroxide for the prevention of development of, or exacerbation of existing, EGUS in Thoroughbred racehorses. Twenty-four Thoroughbred racehorses without significant gastric ulceration (grade, ≤2 of 4) were identified on gastroscopy. Treated horses received 95 g Apolectol, 2 g S. cerevisiae, and 20 g magnesium hydroxide 1–4 hours before exercise. Control horses received 95 g of a feed pellet as a placebo. Gastroscopy was repeated at 24–27 days. There was no change in squamous (P = .45) or glandular (P = 1.0) ulcer grade over time in horses in the treatment group. In the placebo group, ulcer grade increased in both the squamous (P = .04) and glandular (P = .19) mucosa but only reached significance in the squamous mucosa group. Worsening of the ulcer grade was more likely in the placebo group in the glandular (P = .04) but not in squamous (P = .10) mucosa. The combination studied may be an effective prophylactic against EGUS development or exacerbation.  相似文献   

10.
Low selenium (Se) in soil and forage can adversely affect on the quality of animal-derived foods, and hence on human health. Lambs grazed on mixed pastures of alfalfa (Medicago sativa) and tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea) were supplemented with five levels of Se [0, 3, 6, 9 and 12 µg/kg body weight (BW)]. The intake of dry matter (DM) and organic matter (OM) varied with the level of Se supplementation, with a peak at 6 µg Se per kg BW (p ≤ 0.05). Gross energy (GE) intake, digestive energy (DE) intake and metabolic energy (ME) intake were higher at 6 µg Se per kg BW than at other Se levels (p < 0.01); in addition, methane energy (CH4-E) output was lower at 6 µg Se per kg BW. Supplementation with Se significantly increased nitrogen (N) intake, faecal N and urine N, for which the peak values were 20.2 g N/, 5.62 g N/day and 7.92 g N/day, respectively, at 6 µg Se per kg BW. Se intake, blood Se, faecal Se, urine Se and retained Se were negatively correlated with forage crude protein (CP) content (p < 0.001) but were positively correlated with the content of neutral detergent fibre (NDF) (p < 0.001) and acid detergent fibre (ADF) (p < 0.001). Thus, we recommend the addition of 6 µg Se per kg BW to sheep grazed on pastures in regions with low soil Se.  相似文献   

11.
The experiment consisting of 7 days of digestibility and 90 days of feeding trial was conducted at Wogda (Ethiopia) to determine the effect of supplementation of graded levels of concentrate mix (CM) on feed intake, digestibility, and body weight (BW) change in hay-based feeding of Simada sheep. Twenty-yearling Simada sheep with a mean initial BW of 17.9 ± 0.81 kg (mean ± SD) were used in randomized complete block design arranged into five blocks of four animals. The four dietary treatments that consisted of hay alone (T1), hay +150 g dry matter (DM; T2, low), hay +250 g DM (T3, medium), and hay +350 g DM (T4, high) CM were randomly assigned to each sheep within a block. The CM consisted of wheat bran (WB), noug seed (Guizotia abyssinica) meal and safflower (Carthamus tinctorius) seed meal at the ratio of (2:1:1), respectively. Supplementation with T2 and T3 increased (P < 0.001) total DM and organic matter intake than the control treatment. Overall, supplementation improved (P < 0.001) crude protein intake, digestibility, feed conversion efficiency, BW gain, and profitability compared to the control, whereas sheep on the high than the low and medium level of supplementation performed better in these parameters among the supplemented treatments. From the results of this study, T4 is recommended as the best level of supplementation since it resulted in better nutrient utilization, animal performance, and profitability.  相似文献   

12.
Supplementation of yeast culture to equine diets has improved digestion of nutrients in some studies but not others. Improving the digestibility of lower-quality forages could be advantageous both for the producer and for the horse's health. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of yeast culture on digestibility of high- and low-quality forage in mature horses. Sixteen geldings (483.6 ± 25.5 kg and 6.8 ± 3.2 years), of Quarter Horse (n = 14) and Thoroughbred (n = 2) breeding, were used in a 4 × 4 Latin square design with 28-day treatment periods. Russell Bermuda grass hay of either high (13.1% crude protein (CP), 73.1% neutral detergent fiber (NDF), 35.3% acid detergent fiber (ADF), and 6.0% ash) or low (8.1% CP, 75.3% NDF, 37.6% ADF, and 4.3% ash) quality was offered at 1.35% of body weight (BW, dry matter [DM] basis). Diets consisted of high-quality forage with the addition of yeast culture (HY), high-quality forage without yeast culture (HC), low-quality forage with the addition of yeast culture (LY), and low-quality forage without yeast culture (LC). All horses were fed a commercial grain mix (12.6% CP, 25.4% NDF, 12.1% ADF, and 4.0% ash) offered at 0.45% of BW (DM basis) daily. Yeast culture was added to the grain mix during the morning feeding at a rate of 56 g per horse. Body weight was measured weekly and feed intake was adjusted accordingly. Fecal samples were obtained every 6 hours on the last 3 days of each treatment period. Horses receiving low-quality hay (LY and LC) had greater (P < .01) intake expressed as a percentage of BW compared with horses receiving high-quality hay (HY and HC). No influence of yeast culture supplementation was seen on intake of grain or forage (P < .23 and P < .62, respectively). Digestibility of DM, organic matter (OM), CP, and NDF were greater (P < .01, P < .01, P < .01, and P < .01, respectively) for the diets with high-quality forage compared with the diets with low-quality forage. Dry matter, CP, and NDF digestibilities were greater (P < .09, P < .03, and P < .05, respectively) for horses receiving LY compared with LC. Supplementation of yeast culture to mature horses improved digestibility of lower-quality Bermuda grass hay.  相似文献   

13.
Supplements containing turmeric (Curcuma longa) and devil’s claw (Harpagophytum species) are commonly fed to horses to decrease inflammation and pain, but because these supplements contain spices and plant irritants, warning labels such as 'these supplements might cause gastric irritation' are required. The purpose of this study was to determine whether supplements containing turmeric and devil’s claw cause or worsen gastric ulcers in stall-confined horses, as suggested in required cautions that appear on the labels of these animal products. Twelve clinically healthy Thoroughbred horses with naturally occurring equine gastric ulcer syndrome (EGUS) scores >0 were included in a noncrossover study design. Horses were stratified by EGUS score and assigned to either the treatment (supplements containing turmeric and devil’s claw) or control (same supplements without active ingredients) group and fed the supplements for 28 days. Gastroscopy was performed on Days 0, 14 and 28. The EGUS score, nonglandular ulcer number (NGN) and severity (NGS) scores, and glandular number (GN) and severity (GS) scores were recorded during each gastroscopy by a masked investigator (F.M.A.). In addition, bodyweight, gastric juice pH, packed cell volume (PCV), total protein (TP) and blood biochemical results were measured on Day 0 and Day 28. Mean EGUS and NGS scores were significantly lower in both treatment and control groups by Days 14 and 28, when compared to Day 0. NGN score was not different among groups. Bodyweight, gastric juice pH and blood parameters did not change during the study. In conclusion, supplements containing turmeric and devil’s claw did not cause or worsen gastric ulcers or alter health parameters after 28 days of feeding.  相似文献   

14.
The prediction of renal energy excretion is crucial in a metabolizable energy system for horses. Phenolic acids from forage cell walls may affect renal energy losses by increasing hippuric acid excretion. Therefore, the relationships were investigated between renal energy, nitrogen (N) and hippuric acid excretion of four adult ponies (230–384 kg body weight (BW)) consuming diets based on fresh grass, grass silage, grass cobs (heat‐dried, finely chopped, pressed grass), alfalfa hay, straw, extruded straw and soybean meal. Feed intake was measured; urine and faeces were quantitatively collected for three days. Feed was analysed for crude nutrients, gross energy, amino acids and neutral‐detergent‐insoluble crude protein (CP); faeces were analysed for crude nutrients and cross energy; urine was analysed for N, hippuric acid, creatinine and gross energy. Renal energy excretion (y; kJ/kg BW0.75) correlated with renal N excretion (x1; g/kg BW0.75) and renal hippuric acid excretion (x2; g/kg BW0.75): y = 14.4 + 30.2x1+20.7x2 (r = .95; n = 30; p < .05). Renal hippuric acid excretion was highest after intake of fresh grass and lowest after intake of soybean meal. The ratio of hippuric acid to creatinine in urine and the excretion of hippuric acid per gram of dry matter intake was significantly higher for fresh grass than for all other rations. There was no relationship between aromatic amino acid intake and renal hippuric acid excretion. The results of the present study and literature data suggest that feed can be categorized into four groups with regard to the energy losses per gram CP intake: (i) protein supplements (e.g., soybean meal): 4.2–4.9 kJ/g CP intake (ii) alfalfa hay, grains, dried sugar beet pulp: 6.4 kJ/g CP intake, (iii) hay, preserved grass products, straw: 5.2–12.3 kJ/g CP intake (mean 8) and (iv) fresh grass. For group (iii) a negative relationship was observed between renal energy losses per gram of CP and the content of CP or neutral‐detergent‐insoluble CP in dry matter.  相似文献   

15.
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of the level of alfalfa in the diet on feed intake and digestibility of two types of rabbits, wild (Oryctolagus cuniculus algirus) vs. domestic (O. cuniculus cuniculus). Ten wild (W; mean LW = 927 g) and 10 domestic (D; mean LW = 4,645 g) adult rabbit does were fed ad libitum two pelleted diets: a control diet (C) with 15% of dehydrated alfalfa hay (as feed basis) and a test diet (A) with 36% of dehydrated alfalfa hay (as feed basis), according to a change‐over design. Wild does dry matter (DM) intake per kg live weight (BW) was 55% higher (p < .001) than the intake of the D ones (58 g vs. 37 g DM per kg BW respectively). However, no difference (p > .05) was found when intake was expressed per kg0.75 BW (ca. 56 g DM) and tended to be higher (p = .07) in D does when expressed per kg0.67 BW (62 g vs. 55 g DM). Domestic does showed a higher (p < .05) DM, organic matter, crude energy and neutral detergent fibre digestibility (3; 2; 3; 3 percentage points respectively) than W does. The amount of nutrients and energy digested by D does was lower per kg BW (p < .001), similar per kg0.75 BW (p > .05) and tended to be higher per kg0.67 BW (p < .1) than in W does. The diet content of alfalfa did not affect (p > .05) the feed intake nor the diet digestibility. This study suggests that W rabbits exhibit a higher intake per kg BW and a lower digestibility than their D counterparts, which results in similar digestible nutrient and energy intake per kg BW powered to 0.75. The nutritive value of dehydrated alfalfa for rabbits, evaluated through intake and digestibility, seems to be equivalent to their base diets (forage plus concentrate).  相似文献   

16.
Hereford x Angus steers were used in a 13-treatment, four-period, incomplete Latin square design to examine the effects of starch and degradable intake protein (DIP) supplements on forage utilization and ruminal function. Steers were given ad libitum access to low-quality hay (4.9% CP) and were not supplemented (NS) or received different amounts of starch (cornstarch grits; 0, .15, and .3% of initial BW) and DIP (Na-caseinate; .03, .06, .09, and .12% of initial BW) administered via ruminal fistulae in a 3 x 4 factorial arrangement of treatments. Supplemented steers consumed more (P < .01) forage OM, total OM, NDF, and digestible OM (DOM) than NS steers. Forage OM, total OM, NDF, and DOM intakes increased linearly (P < .01) as the amount of supplemental DIP increased. The addition of starch to supplements linearly decreased ( P < .01) the intake of forage OM, NDF, and DOM. The digestion of DM, OM, and NDF increased linearly (P < .01) with supplemental DIP and decreased linearly (P < or = .06) with supplemental starch. Particulate and liquid passages generally increased with DIP; however, starch level influenced the nature of the response (P = .03 and .06, respectively). Similarly, ruminal acid detergent-insoluble ash content generally decreased as starch increased, but the effect was dependent on DIP level (P < .01). Supplementation increased (P < .01) ruminal NH3 and total VFA and decreased (P < .01) ruminal pH relative to NS. All treatments supported average pH values in a range (6.3 to 6.7) unlikely to inhibit fibrolytic bacteria. Ruminal NH3 concentration increased quadratically (P = .03) with DIP and decreased linearly (P = .02) with starch. As DIP increased, total VFA concentration increased linearly (P = .02). Providing supplemental DIP to steers fed low-quality forage increased OM intake and digestion, whereas addition of starch to supplements decreased forage intake and digestion.  相似文献   

17.
Twenty ruminally fistulated steers (Exp. 1, 448 kg and Exp. 2, 450 kg) were used in two consecutive randomized complete block experiments with five treatments in each experiment. The purpose was to evaluate the impact of feeding different supplemental sugars or starch in combination with supplemental degradable intake protein (DIP) on the utilization of low-quality tallgrass-prairie hay. In Exp. 1, steers were given ad libitum access to forage and, except for the negative control (NC), received a limited supply (insufficient to maximize forage use) of supplemental DIP (.031% BW/d, DM basis). In addition to the NC, this experiment included four supplementation treatments in which one of four carbohydrate (CHO) sources (starch, glucose, fructose, or sucrose) was fed at .30% BW of DM/d. In Exp. 2, the treatment structure was identical except that the supplemental DIP level (.122% BW, DM basis) was near the level needed to maximize forage use. Forage OM intake (FOMI) was not affected (P> or =.26) by supplementation in Exp. 1 but was increased (P = .05) in Exp. 2. However, no difference (P> or =.46) in FOMI occurred among CHO sources in either experiment. Total OM and digestible OM intakes were increased (P<.01) by supplementation in both experiments. In Exp. 1, no difference (P>.26) in OM digestion (OMD) occurred among treatments. In Exp. 2, supplementation increased (P<.01) OMD. Additionally, sugars yielded a higher (P = .04) OMD than starch, and the monosaccharides yielded a higher (P = .02) OMD than sucrose. In Exp. 1, NDF digestion (NDFD) was decreased (P = .02) by supplementation, but no differences (P> or =.21) occurred among CHO sources. In Exp. 2, NDFD was increased (P = .03) by supplementation. Additionally, sugars led to higher (P = .05) NDFD than starch, and the monosaccharides led to higher (P = .03) NDFD than sucrose. In both experiments, discernible patterns were observable with regard to the effects of supplementation and type of supplemental CHO on ruminal fermentation characteristics. In conclusion, even though some consistency in fermentation profiles for different carbohydrate sources was evident in both experiments, forage intake and digestion responses were not consistent across experiments. This raises the possibility that carbohydrate source may interact with the amount of supplemental DIP fed and, as such, deserves additional investigation.  相似文献   

18.
The rapid intake of high-cereal, low-roughage meals may cause gastrointestinal and behavioral disorders. We investigated some of the factors that can affect the rate of intake (ROI) in four separate studies. Study 1 investigated the effect of chaff length and addition rate on the ROI of oats. The ROI decreased as more chaff was added to the diet, attaining significance (P < .05, n = 6) at levels above 15% addition and reaching a plateau at ∼50%. This was independent of stalk length (1.4 cm vs. 4.1 cm). Study 2 showed that meal size (varying from 0.5 to 4 g/kg BW) did not affect the ROI for a cereal-based meal, nor was ROI altered by the addition of 10% molasses (n = 6). Study 3 demonstrated that ROI changed markedly over the course of a meal, commencing at an average rate of 74 g/minute for the first 5 minutes and decreasing to 15.8 g/minute after 30 minutes (n = 6). Study 4 examined the effects of breed, BW, exercise, and gender in 71 horses. In Clydesdales, BW affected ROI (P < .05), and Clydesdales had a faster ROI than Thoroughbreds of similar BW (81.8 ± 6.8 vs. 66.0 ± 3.35 g/minute; P < .05). Exercise level, age, and gender did not impact ROI significantly. The results highlight the effectiveness of feeding chaff to slow ROI and demonstrate the need for a standardized protocol if ROI is to be compared between different studies.  相似文献   

19.
Experiments were conducted to determine the effects of increasing supplement protein concentration on performance and forage intake of beef cows and forage utilization of steers consuming stockpiled bermudagrass forage. Bermudagrass pastures were fertilized with 56 kg of N/ha in late August. Grazing was initiated during early November and continued through the end of January each year. Treatments for the cow performance trials were: no supplement or daily equivalents of 0.2, 0.4, and 0.6 g of supplemental protein per kilogram of BW. Supplements were formulated to be isocaloric, fed at the equivalent of 0.91 kg/d, and prorated for 4 d/wk feeding. Varying the concentration of soybean hulls and soybean meal in the supplements created incremental increases in protein. During yr 1, supplemented cows lost less weight and condition compared to unsupplemented animals (P < 0.05). During yr 2, supplemented cows gained more weight (P = 0.06) and lost less condition (P < 0.05) compared to unsupplemented cows. Increasing supplement protein concentration had no affect on cumulative cow weight change or cumulative body condition score change. Forage intake tended to increase (P = 0.13, yr 1 and P = 0.07, yr 2) in supplemented cows. Supplement protein concentration did not alter forage intake. In a digestion trial, four crossbred steers were used in a Latin square design to determine the effects of supplement protein concentration on intake and digestibility of hay harvested from stockpiled bermudagrass pasture. Treatments were no supplement; or 0.23, 0.46, and 0.69 g of supplemental protein per kilogram of BW. Forage intake increased (P < 0.05) 16% and OM intake increased (P < 0.01) 30% in supplemented compared to unsupplemented steers. Diet OM digestibility increased (P = 0.08) 14.5% and total digestible OM intake increased (P < 0.05) 49% in supplemented compared to unsupplemented steers. Supplement protein concentration did not alter forage intake, total digestible OM intake, or apparent digestibility of OM or NDF. During the initial 30 d after first killing frost, beef cows did not respond to supplementation. However, later in the winter, supplementation improved utilization of stockpiled bermudagrass forage.  相似文献   

20.
When fed to horses, high-starch diets elevate plasma concentrations of interleukin-1β (IL-1β) as soon as 1 hour posteating. This increase in IL-β is possibly because of changes in intestinal pH that result from rapid bacterial fermentation of starches and sugars in the digestive tract. The purpose of this research was to investigate the effect of feeding 0.9 kg of grass hay 30 minutes before feeding a concentrate meal on the postprandial rise in IL-1β, compared with control horses receiving the same concentrate without hay first. Six mature geldings were used in a switchback design. Horses were fasted overnight before being offered a concentrate feed that provided 1.2 g/kg bodyweight of nonstructural carbohydrates. Plasma was harvested 30 minutes before hay feeding and 1, 2, 4, 6, and 8 hours postfeeding. Concentrations of IL-1β and d-lactate were analyzed by repeated measures analysis of variance. The hay-first treatment reduced (P = .034) postprandial concentrations of IL-1β at all time points compared with the control horses. An interaction between hour and treatment was detected for mean d-lactate concentrations (P = .037), with lower concentrations in hay-first fed horses at postfeeding hours 1, 2, and 4, compared with control horses. Given these findings, we believe that feeding a small amount of hay before feeding a meal of moderate starch and sugar content reduced the negative effects of rapid starch and sugar fermentation in the equine digestive tract, evidenced by reduced postprandial d-lactate and IL-1β concentrations.  相似文献   

设为首页 | 免责声明 | 关于勤云 | 加入收藏

Copyright©北京勤云科技发展有限公司  京ICP备09084417号