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肉骨粉作为动物生产中的副产品,具有丰富的营养价值。但是由于肉骨粉中存在病原微生物、肉骨粉加工工艺方式的差异以及检测方法等方面的问题,肉骨粉在动物生产中的使用一直受到限制,文中就肉骨粉的营养价值、影响肉骨粉使用的因素以及肉骨粉目前在动物生产中的应用效果进行综述。 相似文献
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肉骨粉类饲料营养价值较高,营养成分的变异性很大,其养分的利用率属于中等水平,存在一定的安全性问题。本文就肉骨粉类饲料的营养特点、饲用安全性和肉骨粉的可利用性及其在畜牧业上的应用作一简要综述。 相似文献
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国内肉骨粉原料安全性评价 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
本研究旨在对国内饲料工业中广泛使用的肉骨粉原料安全性进行全面系统的评价,为肉骨粉原料的合理使用提供依据。在调查国内主要肉骨粉产品的原料来源、加工工艺的基础上,采集10个有代表性肉骨粉样品,对肉骨粉动物源和一系列的卫生指标进行测定。结果表明:大部分肉骨粉产品受到微生物的不同程度污染,受霉菌污染最为严重,其次是大肠杆菌,其中一半样品中检测出沙门氏菌;在10个样品中,7个样品检测出牛源性成分,2个样品检测出羊源性成分,3个样品挥发性盐基氮含量超标,4个样品的酸价超过了9.0mgKOH/g;所有肉骨粉样品的盐分含量都超过5.0%;7个肉骨粉样品检测出三聚氰胺超标。可见,国内肉骨粉原料安全性状况令人堪忧。 相似文献
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The ash, silica and certain important micronutrients were estimated in conventional and unconventional feed and fodder resources available in Southern India. Commonly used dry roughages, such as paddy straw, ragi straw, maize kadbi/stalk, jowar kadbi/stalk, bajra stalk and wheat straw, were high in ash (9.9% +/- 0.77%) and silica (6.4% +/- 0.65%) and low in most of the other micronutrients, except iron, with paddy straw containing most silica (>9%). Cultivated non-leguminous (maize, jowar) and improved green crops (hybrid napier, guinea, green panic, NB-21, CO-1) were also high in ash (10.5% +/- 0.60% and 12.5% +/- 0.51%) but were moderate sources of P, Mg and Cu and good sources of Zn (98 +/- 13.8 ppm and 55 +/- 6.7 ppm). Leguminous green fodders (stylosanthus, lucerne, cow pea, soyabean) were excellent sources of Ca (1.9% +/- 0.16%), Mg (0.40% +/- 0.05%), Cu (30 +/- 5.2 ppm), Zn (121 +/- 14.7 ppm) and Fe (1234 +/- 166 ppm) and moderate sources of P. Mixed local grasses and weeds were high in silica (6.9% +/- 1.00%) but were good sources of Cu, Zn and Fe. Cereal grains (maize, wheat, rice, ragi) were low in ash (2.9% +/- 0.33%) and were relatively poor sources of Ca (0.22% +/- 0.03%), Mg (0.19% +/- 0.03%) and Cu (13 +/- 3.1 ppm). Pulses were low to medium sources of most minerals and good sources of Fe (1230 +/- 293 ppm). Oil seed cake/extractions (groundnut cake, cotton seed cake, soyabean meal, sunflower cake, safflower cake) and cereal by-products (rice polish, rice bran, wheat bran) were excellent sources of P (1.1% +/- 0.47% and 2.3% +/- 0.19%) and good sources of Zn (65 +/- 3.9 ppm and 66 +/- 10.7 ppm) and Fe (938 +/- 130 ppm and 662 +/- 126 ppm). Among the unconventional feeds screened, orange peel, sunflower heads, meat meal, rubber seed cake, spirulina algae and sea weeds contained plentiful Ca, Zn and Fe: tree leaves/top feeds (mulberry, erythrina, glyricidia, banana, subabul, groundnut haulms) were excellent sources of Ca (1.5% +/- 0.13%), Zn (120 +/- 22.9 ppm) and Fe (1033 +/- 133 ppm) but relatively poor sources of P. Soyabean husk, cocoa seed husk, rubber seed cake and meat meal were moderate to good sources of P (1.0% and 0.33%). The high Zn and Fe values of most feeds/fodders were probably due to soil contamination. This account of the micronutrient content of feed/fodder resources should help in strategic supplementation intended to alleviate local deficiencies. 相似文献
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Clinical chemistry of companion avian species: a review 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Harr KE 《Veterinary clinical pathology / American Society for Veterinary Clinical Pathology》2002,31(3):140-151
Birds have evolved alternate physiologic strategies to contend with dehydration, starvation, malnutrition, and reproduction. Basic anatomic and functional differences between birds and mammals impact clinical chemistry values and their evaluation. Interpretation of the results of standard biochemical analyses, including BUN, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, creatine kinase, gamma glutamyltransferase, bilirubin, ammonia, alkaline phosphatase, cholesterol, bile acids, glucose, albumin, globulins, calcium, phosphorus, prealbumin (transthyretin), fibrinogen, iron, and ferritin, is reviewed and discussed in relation to these physiological differences. The use and interpretation of alternative analytes appropriate for avian species, such as uric acid, biliverdin, glutamate dehydrogenase, and galactose clearance, also are reviewed. Normal avian urine and appropriate use of urinalysis, an integral part of laboratory diagnosis in mammalian species that frequently is omitted from avian diagnostic protocols, is discussed. 相似文献
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为了解新疆伊犁地区肉牛产业链中重金素元素的残留情况,本研究采用原子吸收法对新疆伊犁地区肉牛养殖场的土壤、饲料及屠宰场的牛肉进行重金属砷、铅、汞、铬、镉的检测。结果表明土壤样品中重金属铅、砷、汞、铬、镉元素含量分别为0.03~0.20、3.87~8.30、0.15~0.23、0.09~0.48和0.41~0.86 mg/kg。饲料样品中铅、砷、汞、铬、镉元素含量分别为3.01~18.09、75.35~94.27、19.65~24.37、0.06~1.04和1.81~8.46 μg/kg。牛肉中铅、砷、汞、铬、镉元素含量分别为0.23~0.54、1.22~7.12、0.28~0.53、0.01~0.27及0.02~0.03 μg/kg。土壤和饲料、饲料和牛肉、土壤和牛肉中重金素含量的相关系数分别是0.96、0.99、0.98。综上所述,伊犁地区肉牛养殖场的土壤和饲料,屠宰场的牛肉中重金素铅、砷、汞、铬、镉元素的含量均没有超标,三者中重金属含量具有较高的相关性。 相似文献
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Sissay, M.M., Uggla, A. and Waller, P.J., XXXX. Prevalence and seasonal incidence of nematode parasites and fluke infections
of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia. Tropical Animal Health and Production, XXXX. A 2-year abattoir survey was carried out to determine the prevalence, abundance and seasonal incidence of gastro-intestinal
(GI) nematodes and trematodes (flukes) of sheep and goats in the semi-arid zone of eastern Ethiopia. During May 2003 to April
2005, viscera including liver, lungs and GI tracts were collected from 655 sheep and 632 goats slaughtered at 4 abattoirs
located in the towns of Haramaya, Harar, Dire Dawa and Jijiga in eastern Ethiopia. All animals were raised in the farming
areas located within the community boundaries for each town. Collected materials were transported within 24 h to the parasitology
laboratory of Haramaya University for immediate processing. Thirteen species belonging to 9 genera of GI nematodes (Haemonchus contortus, Trichostrongylus axei, T. colubriformis, T. vitrinus, Nematodirus filicollis, N. spathiger, Oesophagostomum
columbianum, O. venulosum, Strongyloides papillosus, Bunostomum trigonocephalum, Trichuris ovis, Cooperia curticei and Chabertia ovina), and 4 species belonging to 3 genera of trematodes (Fasciola hepatica, F. gigantica, Paramphistomum {Calicohoron} microbothrium and Dicrocoelium dendriticum) were recorded in both sheep and goats. All animals in this investigation were infected with multiple species to varying
degrees. The mean burdens of adult nematodes were generally moderate in both sheep and goats and showed patterns of seasonal
abundance that corresponded with the bi-modal annual rainfall pattern, with highest burdens around the middle of the rainy
season. In both sheep and goats there were significant differences in the mean worm burdens and abundance of the different
nematode species between the four geographic locations, with worm burdens in the Haramaya and Harar areas greater than those
observed in the Dire Dawa and Jijiga locations. Similar seasonal variations were also observed in the prevalence of flukes.
But there were no significant differences in the prevalence of each fluke species between the four locations. Overall, the
results showed that Haemonchus, Trichostrongylus, Nematodirus, Oesophagostomum, Fasciola and Paramphistomum species were the most abundant helminth parasites of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia. 相似文献
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Cephalonium is a second generation cephalosporin.It is effective to prevent and treat mastitis during dry period.It has a broad antibacterial spectrum,strong bactericidal activity,less allergic reactions and low toxicity,and so on,especially showing a good antibacterial activity to Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococus.In this paper,the physical and chemical properties,pharmacokinetic,pharmacology and toxicology,residue and withdrawal periods,application in the prevention and treatment of mastitis in dairy cows,and the prospect of the development of cephalonium were investigated and reviewed. 相似文献
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利用中药系统药理学分析平台(TCMSP)和herb数据库检索收集桑叶的化学成分和靶点,运用Cytoscape3.7.2软件、NCBI数据库、STRING数据库构建并分析桑叶化合物-靶点网络和蛋白质相互作用(PPI)网络,并对靶点进行GO富集和KEGG通路富集分析,藉以分析桑叶增强鸡抗氧化功能的作用机理。结果表明,共筛选到槲皮素、芦丁、山柰酚、β-谷甾醇、β-胡萝卜素和花生四烯酸等30个有效活性成分,这些成分作用于221个靶点。其中IL-6、VEGFA、EGF、INS、CAT、CASP3、CCND1、PTGS2、IL-1B和MMP9等为核心靶点。GO功能富集和KEGG通路分析显示靶点的作用涉及分子功能、生物过程和细胞组成3个方面,并参与到NOD样受体信号通路、过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体信号通路、Toll样受体信号通路、细胞凋亡等多条代谢通路。本研究表明,理论上桑叶基于IL-6、VEGFA、EGF、INS、CAT、CASP3、CCND1、PTGS2、IL-1B和MMP9等靶点可以调控鸡的抗氧化作用,为进一步的试验验证及桑叶作为抗氧化功能饲料添加剂的开发提供了启示。 相似文献
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Canine and feline dermatomycosis is the common skin disease in small animal,which not only affects the appearance of the canine and feline, but also leads to itching or pain, and even increases the risk of dog and cat owners suffering from dermatomycosis. Dermatomycosis is harmful to health of animals and human beings. The dermatomycosis is difficult to identify, has long treatment cycle and high recurrence, and affected by regional or/and environmental factors, lead to its prevalent and brought great difficulties to the clinical diagnosis and treatment. Canine and feline dermatomycosis could be diagnosed according to illness history survey, clinical symptoms, isolation and identification of pathogens and histopathological examination. In order to curing canine and feline dermatomycosis effectively, systemic therapy combined with topical administration, scientific and rational use of antibiotics, and improvement of animal feeding management should be carried. 相似文献
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岩藻多糖是一种天然的杂多糖，其自然资源丰富、安全无毒，具有多种生理功能：可清除体内过量自由基，激活抗氧化酶系统，抑制氧化应激通路的信号转导，发挥抗氧化功能；可通过抑制体内炎症因子的产生，抑制炎症通路，促进抗体表达，提高机体非特异性免疫等途径提高机体免疫；可通过促进癌细胞凋亡、抑制血管生成，提高机体免疫力等方式发挥抗肿瘤作用；此外，岩藻多糖还具有抑菌、抗病毒、抗血栓等多种生物学功能。动物试验表明，岩藻多糖可降低仔猪料重比，提高其对营养物质的消化率；可提高雏鸡的总采食量、总增重和饲料转化率；显著提高南亚野鲮的体重、生长速率和蛋白质功效比；提高鸡的胴体重和胸肌重量；提高猪肉抗氧化能力；降低肠道炎症和水肿；提高肠道绒毛高度，改善肠道菌群平衡；调节糖脂代谢，降低体脂含量。作者就岩藻多糖的理化性质、生理功能及其在动物生产中的应用现状进行综述，以期为岩藻多糖在动物生产中的应用提供理论依据。 相似文献