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1.
本文对８８０只纯系矮小型褐壳蛋鸡的产蛋时间进行了连续５天的观察，分析结果表明，矮小型褐壳蛋鸡的产蛋时间集中在上午１２时以前，并以９：００￣１０：００期间产蛋最为密集，占全天产蛋的１９．５％，连产内第一枚蛋产出时间集中在上午（８９：３３％），以７：００￣９：００间产蛋最多（４９．７１％），而最后一枚蛋产出时间集中在下午（７１．２０％），以２：００￣４：００间产蛋最多（３６．５８％）。矮小型褐壳蛋鸡连 相似文献
2.
矮小型褐壳蛋鸡蛋白质和含硫氨基酸需要量的研究Ⅱ代谢试验和血浆游离氨基酸测定 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
将２７０只矮小型褐壳蛋鸡随机分成９组，饲喂９种不同蛋白质和含硫氨基酸水平日粮。９种试验日粮分别含有１１．５０ＭＪ／ｋｇ代谢能和１６．５２％、１７．２９％、１８．１７％粗蛋白质以及０．６２％、０．６６％、０．７２％含硫氨基酸，研究矮小型褐壳蛋鸡蛋白质和含硫氨基酸的需要量。代谢试验结果表明，４０周龄矮小型褐壳蛋鸡每日采食１４．１３ｇ蛋白质和０．５５８ｇＳ—氨基酸时，氮存留量达到最大值。血浆游离氨基酸测定结果证实，３６周龄矮小型褐壳蛋鸡每日采食０．５５６ｇ含硫氨基酸时，可满足产蛋需要。此结果和饲养试验对蛋白质和含硫氨基酸的估测量相一致 相似文献
3.
dw基因对褐壳蛋鸡生产性能影响的研究 总被引：5，自引：3，他引：2
通过对矮小褐壳蛋鸡（带ｄｗ基因）与其正常型同胞母鸡生产性能的比较，研究ｄｗ基因对褐壳蛋鸡的是。ｄｗ基因使褐壳蛋鸡的体重降低２２－２７％，开产日龄提前３．３天，饲料报酬提高２２％，只日耗料减少３０％，蛋重小３％，除产蛋数外，各项指标差异均达到显著或极显著水平。同期测定还有“农大褐”Ｄ系母鸡。矮小型褐壳蛋鸡的产蛋水平由于未经选择，目前低于高产蛋鸡“农大褐”，但饲料效率比农大褐高１６％，综合效益较高。 相似文献
4.
蛋重受遗传影响较大。刚开产、产蛋高峰（30周龄）、产蛋后期（65周龄），蛋重的遗传力分别为0.3、0.6、0.3。蛋重与产蛋量在遗传上呈负相关（-0.4）。不同品种和品系蛋的大小不同。一般中型蛋鸡比轻型蛋鸡产的鸡蛋大，褐壳蛋系的蛋重大于白壳蛋系。 相似文献
5.
蛋鸡采食饮水行为规律的研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
对２０只农大褐母鸡进行产蛋前和产蛋期采食、饮水规律的研究，结果：（一）采食规律：产蛋前母鸡采食主要受光照变化的影响，下午３－４点钟（即天黑前２－３小时）采食出现高峰；傍晚和上午１１－１２点钟次之；喂料刺激也有促进采食作用。产蛋鸡采食除受光照变化、喂料、均料刺激影响外，还与蛋形成过程有关。母鸡产蛋之前采食量较少，产蛋高峰之后采食急剧增加；但还是以光照影响为主，熄灯前两小时采食量增加最多。（二）饮水规律：产蛋前母鸡饮水伴随采食发生．但饮水高峰在上午９－１０点钟，中午饮水较少，熄灯前饮水有增加的趋势。产蛋母鸡饮水主要受产蛋和气温的影响，自上午产蛋高峰开始至下午母鸡体温最高时间饮水一直较多，其它时间饮水较少。 相似文献
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7.
“农大褐”蛋鸡饲养管理问答（下）宁中华北京农业大学家禽育种中心（１０２２０９）８．问：你们培育的矮小型褐壳蛋鸡是怎么一回事？答：矮小型褐壳蛋鸡是一种带有ｄｗ基因的产褐壳蛋的品系，这种基因能使鸡的体形变小，而生产性能不受影响。能使鸡体形变小的基因有８种... 相似文献
8.
本试验对１２０日龄伊莎褐（ＩＳＡＢＲＯＷＮ）商品代蛋鸡２３３６３羽进行开产情况观察，结果发现伊莎褐商品代蛋鸡有明显的早产现象，而且群体开产期延续较长（１２３－１６２日龄）。随日龄增加，每日开产鸡数在１４７日龄较集中，在此前后较低，呈正态分布。本试验同时根据不同开产日龄阶段设置四个试验组，对它们在产蛋前期（开产到２５周龄）的生产性能进行观察，结果发现：早期（１２３－１２９日龄）开产鸡的开产体重达到标准（１６５１±５０克），属生长发育较好的个体，从开产到２５周龄期间产蛋性能较好，但平均蛋重略有下降；后期（１５５－１６２日龄）开产鸡中有２０％属于过肥的个体（开产体重２０４０±５０克），８０％属过轻、发育不良的个体（开产体重１４５０±５５克），在产蛋前期产蛋性能显著低于早产及正常开产鸡（ｐ＜０．０５）。早产（１４０日龄前开产）和推迟开产（１５５日龄后开产）鸡只数分别占群体的２２％和１．１％。从产蛋前期产蛋性能来看，早产具有明显的经济效益。开产日龄对初生蛋重、蛋壳品质均无显著影响（ｐ＞０．０５）；不同开产日龄阶段鸡只的开产模式有明显的差别。 相似文献
9.
褐壳蛋蛋壳颜色与蛋品质及产蛋性能的关系 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
在３０周龄褐壳蛋鸡群中，收集当日产的正常蛋３９３权，按蛋壳颜色分为奶黄、浅褐、紫粉和深褐色４个组，逐枚测定各项蛋品质，并根据产蛋个体记录分析各组母鸡的产蛋性能。通过最小二来法进行数据处理。结果表明，不同壳色组之间的蛋形指教、哈氏单位、平均蛋重均差异不显著，而紫粉色和深褐色组的蛋壳厚度和强度均显著大于２个浅色组，以紫粉色组最大（０．３８２ｍｍ和４．６７ｋｇ／ｃｍ２），奶黄色组最小（０．３６９ｍｍ和４．２５ｋｇ／ｃｍ２）。在产蛋性能方面，产紫粉色蛋的母鸡蛋重最大（６１．１６克），但４０周龄产蛋数及总蛋重都是低（９０．８４枚和５５４９．７７ｇ），而产浅色蛋的母鸡产蛋数最多（９８．６３）、总蛋重（５９６１．２１ｇ）也最大。因此，在褐壳蛋鸡的育种中必须充分考虑蛋壳颜色与蛋品质性状及产蛋性能的密切关系，通过平衡育种避免因只考虑单方面因素的选择而造成其它性状的不利变化。 相似文献
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11.
1. Characteristics of individual oviposition patterns of turkey breeder hens were determined for 160 d of photostimulation with fluorescent blue, green or red light and with incandescent light. 2. In all treatments most eggs were laid during the afternoon and evening. The maximum frequency occurred at 14.00 to 15.00 h (8 to 9 h after light onset); about 15% of all eggs were laid in the dark period. 3. The hourly oviposition distribution remained unchanged and was specific to individual hens throughout the study period. However, it was highly variable between hens, ranging from highly dispersed to tightly clustered. 4. The total number of clutches per hen did not differ between treatments and eggs were laid in relatively short clutches; 65% were of two eggs or fewer, 30% of three to 5 eggs and only 5% of 6 eggs or more. 5. The oviposition time of the first egg in a clutch was very variable; however, oviposition time became more clustered and uniform as the position of the egg in a clutch increased. 6. Mean time of lay, mean interval between eggs and total lag time were not influenced by light treatment. Mean interval was about 27 h for all eggs and was not influenced by clutch size. 7. Light quality at the intensity used in this study did not appear to play an important role in oviposition patterns of turkey hens. 相似文献
12.
Photoperiod and oviposition time in broiler breeders 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
1. Oviposition times were recorded for broiler breeder hens under 8-, 10-, 11-, 12-, 13-, 14- and 16-h photoperiods. 2. Mean oviposition time (MOT) was delayed relative to dawn by approximately 0.5 h for each 1-h increase in photoperiod up to 14 h, but was similar for 14- and 16-h photoperiods. However, the 0.5 h/h regression for the time when half the eggs were laid continued through to 16 h. 3. The rate of change in MOT for each 1-h increase in < or = 14-h photoperiod was similar to that reported for early and modern egg-type hybrids, but, compared with modern genotypes, time of lay itself was 1 h later than white-egg and 2.5 h later than brown-egg hybrids. 4. At photoperiods < or = 12.25 h, the number of eggs laid before dawn increased by 4-5% for each 1-h reduction in daylength. 相似文献
13.
1. Lohmann Brown pullets were reared on 8-h photoperiods and transferred to 12 h at 15 weeks by either advancing dawn or delaying dusk by 4 h. At 25 weeks, half of each group was transferred to 16 h by advancing dawn or delaying dusk and, 10 d later, each photoperiod-group was advanced or delayed 4 h by moving both dawn and dusk. Individual oviposition times were recorded over 48 h at 25 weeks and 8-10 d after each lighting change. 2. At 25 weeks, there were no differences in mean time of oviposition, eggs laid in the modal 8 h, or in the proportion of eggs laid before dawn between pullets that had been given a 4-h increase in daylength at 15 weeks by advancing dawn and those photostimulated by delaying dusk. 3. Extensions of the daylength from 12 to 16 h at 25 weeks, whether by advancing dawn or by delaying dusk, delayed mean oviposition time by 2 h and virtually eliminated egg-laying before dawn. All groups laid > or = 94% of eggs in the modal 8 h. 4. Moving the complete 12- or 16-h photoperiod forwards by 4 h delayed egg-laying by 0.5 h (relative to dawn), whilst moving them backwards advanced it by 0.7 h. Pullets given 16 h of light laid very few eggs before lights-on, but the divergent movements in oviposition time, relative to dawn, resulted in more eggs being laid before lights-on when the 12-h photoperiod was moved backwards and fewer eggs when it was moved forwards. However, a slower adjustment to the new times of dawn and dusk by the pullets whose day had been moved forward, as indicated by fewer eggs being laid in the modal 8 h and poorer rates of lay compared with pullets that had their photoperiod moved backwards, may explain these differences. It is doubtful that the differences would have persisted after all birds had adjusted their ovulatory cycle, and so any reduction in pre-dawn egg-laying is likely to have been transitory. 5. The only permanent way to minimise pre-dawn egg-laying in brown-egg hybrids is to provide a photoperiod of at least 16 h, though 14-15 h may be long enough for white-egg hybrids and 12-13 h sufficient for broiler breeders. 相似文献
14.
T. R. Morris 《British poultry science》1977,18(4):397-405
1. Although flocks of hens under constant illumination lay eggs by night and day, it has not yet been demonstrated that the number of eggs laid by night is equal to the numbers expected on a hypothesis of random distribution around the clock.
2. Hens under continuous illumination lay eggs at quite regular intervals. With highly productive pullets and a limited period of observation (e.g. 10 weeks), many birds lay unbroken sequences (i.e. intervals between consecutive ovipositions do not exceed 33 h).
3. Some birds under continuous light lay eggs in clutches (i.e. one observes characteristic inter‐clutch intervals of 35 to 41 h between ovipositions). However, the first egg of a new clutch has a high probability of being laid between 05.00 h and 16.00 h and this is taken as evidence that the timing of clutches is dependent on diurnal environmental influences which persist in spite of attempts to provide a non‐varying environment.
4. The evidence available neither supports nor refutes the hypothesis that under constant environmental conditions an internal “ clock “ with a fixed period is responsible for timing the open periods during which release of luteinising hormone may occur.
5. Further experiments are needed with hens having a lower rate of lay, and therefore more likely to lay in clutches, maintained in a better‐controlled constant environment. 相似文献
15.
Livestock production in central Mali: Reproduction,growth and mortality of domestic fowl under traditional management 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
R. T. Wilson A. Traore H. G. Kuit M. Slingerland 《Tropical animal health and production》1987,19(4):229-236
In an 18-month study the domestic fowl in 42 households in three traditional management systems were recorded to determine reproduction, growth and mortality parameters. There were significant differences for all systems combined in the number of clutches started per month with the lowest number being laid in the cool dry season of January and February. Mean number of eggs per clutch was 8.8; the number of eggs increased significantly throughout the career of the hen but there were no significant systems differences. Egg weight was 34.4g there being no significant differences due to age of hen or system. Intervals between clutches were 92 days, annual egg output was 35 per hen (assuming that birds were present in the flock for a year) equivalent to about 118% of mean adult hen body weight: hens actually in the flocks during the study had produced 2.1 clutches on average. Hatchability of eggs was 69.1% there being significant seasonal and systems differences in this parameter, lowest hatchability being in the hot dry season (March to June) and in the rainfed millet system. Mortality rates to eight weeks were 56% of chicks hatched. Growth to 10 weeks averaged 4g/d. Mature cocks weighted 1.60 kg and mature hens 1.02 kg: hen weights were significantly affected by reproductive state, laying hens being heavier than both incubating hens and those rearing chicks, while those rearing chicks were heavier than those incubating. Suggestions for improving productivity are made. 相似文献
16.
Effect of breeder age and breeding season on egg production and incubation in farmed ostriches 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
(1) This research was carried out to investigate changes in egg production and hatchability as influenced by age and breeding season of 10 trios (two females, one male) of ostrich (Struthio camellus) during 1998 to 2002. (2) Breeding season affected number of eggs laid per female per season, average egg weight, length of laying period and clutch sequence. (3) The number of eggs laid per female per season was 25 in the first breeding season and 57 by the fifth breeding season. The laying period lasted 169 d in the first season whereas it was 210 d by the fifth season. The breeding season became longer year by year. (4) The number of clutches was two in the first season, three in the second and 4 in the later breeding seasons: the mean interval between cycles was 9 to 10.6 d and the mean number of eggs in one cycle varied from 12 to 14.4. (5) The breeding season affected the hatchability of fertile eggs, chick weight at hatching, hatchability of total eggs, fertility, malpositioned embryos, deformed chicks and assisted chicks during hatching. The first 4 variables increased and the last three decreased, with each breeding season. (6) Weight loss of eggs and length of incubation were unaffected by the breeding season. Hatchability which was 64.3% in the first season increased progressively and reached 73.1% in the fifth breeding season. 相似文献
17.
2004～2005年,对人工饲养的长鬣蜥繁殖行为和生态习性进行了研究,结果表明：3～7月为长鬣蜥的繁殖期,繁殖行为主要表现为发情求偶、交配和产卵,5～6月为产卵高峰期,每条成熟的雌蜥年产卵2～3窝,平均窝卵数12（7～18）枚;雌蜥每窝产卵间隔33～45 d不等;平均单卵重3.06（2.80～3.50）g;卵径2.63 cm×1.18cm。在自然孵化温度和90%～95%的湿度下孵化期为60～98 d,孵化率52.34%,长鬣蜥幼体初生个体重2.50 g,体全长（头体＋尾）14（4＋10）cm。 相似文献
18.
Bronneberg RG Taverne MA Dieleman SJ Decuypere E Bruggeman V Vernooij JC Stegeman JA 《Domestic animal endocrinology》2007,32(1):15-28
In this study we investigated the temporal relationship between ovulation, egg formation, oviposition and the changes in plasma concentrations of progesterone, luteinizing hormone and estradiol-17beta during the egg laying cycle in farmed ostriches. In 10 egg-producing birds, transcutaneous ultrasound scanning was performed at 3h intervals and blood sampling at hourly intervals during a period of at least 48h (one egg laying cycle). In hens (n=8) that ovulated during the observational period, the ovulated egg was first detected 2h after oviposition; thus, ovulation occurred shortly after oviposition in all birds. During the period between two consecutive ovipositions, the developing egg remained for 9h in the proximal part (infundibulum, magnum or isthmus) and for 39h in the distal part of the oviduct (uterus). In ovulating hens, plasma progesterone concentrations showed a characteristic and consistent profile: from basal levels of around 0.1ng/ml concentrations started to increase 12h before oviposition, reached an average maximum of 3.5ng/ml at 3h before oviposition and returned to basal levels 3h and 30min after oviposition. Changes in plasma luteinizing hormone and estradiol-17beta concentrations showed comparable patterns of elevation and decline relative to the timing of oviposition and ovulation. However, variation in their individual basal concentrations was generally larger and peak values were less conspicuous than those of progesterone. In non-ovulating hens (n=2) neither progesterone, nor luteinizing hormone nor estradiol-17beta showed elevations to peak concentrations before oviposition. These data demonstrate that during the egg laying cycle of ostriches, events such as ovulation, egg development and oviposition evolve according to a rather strict time schedule, and that progesterone, luteinizing hormone and estradiol-17beta reach peak concentrations shortly before ovulation. Additionally, our findings also show that on-farm ultrasound scanning is a useful technique to discriminate between ovulating and non-ovulating hens. 相似文献
19.
Eggs obtained from the uterus of hens by hormonal administration 14 to 10 h before expected oviposition were kept at 5 degrees C for 15 h. Forty-two of these uterine eggs were incubated as whole eggs; in the case of a further 70 eggs the blastoderms were isolated and incubated whilst immersed in liquid egg albumen. Thirty-two of the eggs incubated whole (76%) developed to the primitive streak stage, but only 6 of the incubated blastoderms (9%) reached this stage of development. 相似文献
20.
人工饲养环境下斑鳖产卵规律的研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
斑鳖目前仅在中国和越南的动物园中有4只存活个体,为了拯救这一物种,中国的苏州动物园和长沙动物园开展了斑鳖联合繁育项目。在2008～2011年对斑鳖的产卵时间、产卵窝数、产卵数量和卵的重量、直径等进行了测量。结果表明,雌性斑鳖在夜间产卵,有护卵行为。每年可产卵2—4窝,首次产卵在5月底或6月中旬,最晚在7月中旬结束。产卵间隔变化较大,最短的为12d,最长的达到36d,平均18．4±8．3d。每窝产卵数45～70枚,平均为60．3±7．5枚,年产卵总数在100～200枚之间,年度之间波动很大,在1～136枚之间。卯的重量在19．0-21．5g之间,平均20．1±0．7g;卵的直径在31．5～34．4mm之间,平均为32．6±0．7mm。产卵次数、窝卵数、卯重和大小都会受到运输或环境变化的影响。以上结果表明,目前提供的环境条件和饲养管理符合斑鳖的繁殖要求,但是管理中要注意减少运输应激和环境的改变。 相似文献