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1.
中植棉2号抗黄萎病的主基因+多基因遗传特性分析 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
以感病品种861为父本、抗病品种中植棉2号为母本配制杂交组合,构建6个世代群体(P_1、P_2、F_1、B_1、B_2和F_2),并在田间病圃进行抗病性鉴定,利用主基因￣多基因混合遗传模型的多世代联合分析法研究陆地棉抗黄萎病遗传特性。结果表明,中植棉2号抗性遗传符合E-1遗传模型,即2对加性￣显性￣上位性主基因+加性￣显性多基因遗传模型。2对主基因遗传以显性效应为主,且第2对主基因的显性效应比第1对主基因的显性效应大,多基因遗传以加性效应为主。B_1、B_2和F_2的主基因遗传率分别为68.24%、30.71%和82.09%,多基因遗传率分别为0、24.96%和0,环境方差占总表型方差的17.01%~44.33%。 相似文献
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《分子植物育种》2021,19(9):2993-2998
果皮着色深度是紫茄品种重要的商品性状。本试验选取果皮着色深度差异明显的高代自交系EP26和EP28为材料,构建6个世代群体P_1、P_2、F_1、F_2、B_1、B_2,采用主+多基因混合模型遗传分析方法开展多世代联合分析,从而探明紫茄果皮着色深度的遗传特性。结果表明:紫茄果皮着色深度的遗传表现符合两对加性-显性-上位性主基因+加性-显性多基因遗传的E-1模型。主基因加性效应值均等,主基因遗传以显性效应为主。6世代群体中F_2、B_1和B_2主基因遗传率分别为70.25%、3.46%、47.41%,而多基因遗传率分别为18.26%、55.61%、38.60%。F_2群体中主基因+多基因的遗传率为88.51%,环境因素占11.49%。研究结果有助于紫茄果皮着色深度的遗传改良的研究。 相似文献
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水稻数量性状的基因效应分析 总被引：13，自引：0，他引：13
利用9个水稻品种杂交得到11个组合的 P_1、P_2、F_1、F_2和 B_1、B_2世代群体的数据进行了世代平均值分析。文中估算了 a、d、aa、ad 和 dd 各类基因效应、其相应的方差及平方和百分比。分析发现世代间有显著差异,其差异大小取决于杂交双亲。8个性状中加性率超过50%的是出穗期、株高和百粒重。穗长和总粒数的加性率与显性率之 相似文献
5.
《分子植物育种》2020,(13)
以耐寒性存在明显差异的6份自交系为材料,采用完全双列杂交法对砧用南瓜耐寒性的配合力进行研究。结果表明,配合力呈现正向效应时,能够提高砧用南瓜的耐寒性。结合配合力效应值,确定可在南瓜耐寒性育种中加以利用的杂交组合为18C0109×18C0025和18C0025×18C0109。同时,以耐寒性强的南瓜自交系18C0025 (P_1)和耐寒性弱的南瓜自交系18C0065 (P_2)获得的六个世代(P_1, P_2, F_1, B_1, B_2, F_2)为材料,采用数量性状主基因+多基因的世代联合分析法,对砧用南瓜耐寒性的遗传特性进行了研究。结果表明,砧用南瓜的耐寒性遗传以主基因遗传为主,遗传率在F_2中最大,且F_2代受环境影响较小,适合于晚期世代进行选择,同时,表明南瓜耐寒性的遗传符合"两对加性-显性主基因+加性-显性-上位性多基因"模型。 相似文献
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数量性状主-多基因混合遗传的P_1、P_2、F_1、F_2和F_(2∶3)联合分析方法 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本文提出利用亲本P_1和P_2、杂种F_1,F_2和F_(2∶3)五世代联合分析数量性状主基因和多基因遗传的统计方法,共建立可供选择的单基因遗传、多基因遗传以及一个主基因 多基因混合遗传三类11个遗传模型;AIC信息准则用于选择最适遗传模型,通过适合性检验对所选择的遗传模型做进一步检验;以D类模型为例,给出参数估计EM过程的一般步骤。以邳县天鹅蛋(P_1)和1138—2(P_2)杂交组合为例,分析了大豆抗豆秆黑潜蝇性状的遗传,发现该性状符合主基因 多基因混合遗传模式,主基因的加显性效应分别为-1.86和-1.64,F_2世代主基因的遗传率为43.84％,F_(2∶3)家系世代主基因的遗传率为88.59％,F_2群体的抗感分界线为11≤x≤12,F_(2∶3)群体的抗感分界线为10.6≤x≤11.0。 相似文献
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为了培育果穗不露顶玉米品种,以长露顶玉米自交系WZ06X97和不露顶玉米自交系WZ098杂交获得的6个世代(P_1、P_2、F_1、B_1、B_2和F_2)株系为材料,运用植物数量性状主基因+多基因遗传模型,对玉米果穗露顶进行遗传分析。结果显示,玉米果穗露顶的最适遗传模型是E-0,即2对加性-显性-上位性主基因+加性-显性-上位性多基因。2对主基因加性效应值均为4. 615,显性效应值分别是-0. 680和-0. 742,主基因遗传率在B_1、B_2和F_2中分别是60. 41%,81. 28%和83. 99%,多基因遗传率分别为16. 74%,5. 90%和5. 04%,环境方差占表型方差的比例分别为22. 85%,12. 82%和10. 97%;上述结果表明,玉米果穗露顶受环境影响较小,主要受2对主基因和多基因控制,F_2世代主基因遗传率较高,因此育种上可在早期世代对果穗露顶性状进行选择。 相似文献
8.
《华北农学报》2017,(Z1)
为探明杂交水稻株高和每穗颖花数的遗传规律,以2个大穗高秆籼稻恢复系WHR2和DSBao、1个矮秆籼稻恢复系矮93为试验材料,配制2个杂交组合WHR2×矮93、DSBao×矮93,由此产生的P_1、P_2、F_1、B_1、B_2和F_2 6个世代群体,运用主基因+多基因混合遗传模型,对株高和每穗颖花数2个性状进行了遗传分析。结果表明,株高和每穗颖花数性状的遗传模型均符合2对加性-显性-上位性主基因+加性-显性多基因模型。根据遗传模型,对模型中成分分布进行拟合,真实地再现性状的次数分布规律。同时发现,2个性状的遗传均以加性效应为主。植株高对植株矮呈部分显性,在杂种优势利用中可以提高杂种的生物产量,增强杂种抗倒性。每穗颖花数的少对多呈部分显性,不利于大穗的形成,影响产量优势的发挥。因此,为了合理利用矮93亲本的株高较矮特性,选用遗传距离较远、丰产性高的恢复系或不育系杂交,打破每穗颖花数不利基因的连锁,选育高产杂交水稻新组合。 相似文献
9.
小麦品种对赤霉病抗扩展性的遗传研究 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
本研究采用单花针注法接种,以病小穗数为统计单位,对1个感病品种和6个抗病品种杂交取得的F_1、F_2、B_1、B_2及其P_1和P_2进行了抗性调查,研究了这6个小麦品种抗赤霉病性的遗传,结果表明:6个抗性亲本抗性由强到弱的顺序为繁60096、苏麦3号、宁7840、翻山小麦、龙79B-1165、克80F_(3-119),抗病性以加性效应为主,显性效应不可忽 相似文献
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Summary The efficiency of indirect selection for seed yield was compared with direct selection for yield per se in chickpea. A total of 2500 single F2 plants, derived from 50 crosses with 50 plants from each cross, were divided into five sub-populations (SP1 to SP5) of 500 plants each by including 10 plants from each of the 50 crosses. The five sub-populations were advanced upto F6 by exercising 10% selection intensity for four successive generations for number of pods per plant in SP1, number of seeds per pod in SP2, seed weight in SP3, seed yield in SP4 and random selection in SP5. The efficiency of direct and indirect selection for yield was evaluated by comparing groups of 50 F6 lines from each sub-population. SP1 and SP3 F6 lines showed higher mean grain yield than the other three methods. SP1 and SP3 were found to be almost equally efficient in developing F6 lines which were significantly superior to the check. This suggests that indirect selection for yield via pod number and seed weight is more efficient than direct selection for yield. 相似文献
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Summary The mean aim of this study was to identify an effective method of predicting cross-potential in respect of yield improvement of the cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.) through hybridization and subsequent selection.Three prediction tests based on data collected from experiments with ten cowpea lines and the F1 and F2 generations of all possible crosses between these lines were evaluated. The three prediction tests were based on: i Yields of prospective parents. ii. General combining abilities estimated from F1 and parental data iii. Frequencies of superior plants in F2 populationsEach of the three procedures was used to identify the crosses with the lowest or highest yield potential, i.e. those crosses most likely to produce the greatest number of lines with yields higher or lower than those of either parent. Crosses selected on the basis of these criteria were evaluated in the following growing season on the basis of biometrical analysis of F2 and backcross populations and the performance of the respective F3 and F4 generations.Six different crosses were selected from the 45 tested on the basis of the three prediction tests. Analyses of F2 and backeross populations from each cross provided estimates of [d] the difference in parental means and 1/2D the additive genetic component which, in turn, were used to predict the frequency of transgressive inbred lines obtained by single-seed descent from the F2. Both crosses selected on the basis of F2 data were expected to produce a much higher frequency of transgressive lines than those selected on the basis of parental yields. The high potential cross selected on the basis of general combining ability was expected to produce a higher frequency of transgressive lines than the corresponding low yield potential cross. Replicated trails of F3 bulks of the selected crosses showed that high yield potential crosses were significantly higher yielding than low yield potential crosses for all prediction criteria. In a trial with 22F4 lines of each of the two crosses selected on the basis of parental yields and frequency of high yielding F2 plants, the high yield potential cross in each case had a greater mean and variance for seed yield than the corresponding low yield potential cross.It was concluded that parental yields provide a sound basis for an initial screening of prospective parents. This screening should identify a high yielding line which can be crossed with a number of contrasting lines to produce F2 populations for the final screening phase. 相似文献
13.
Summary Reciprocal cross differences were studied in a 6×6 diallel full set comprising of thirty hybrid combinations of groundnut in the F1 generation.Reciprocal cross differences were observed for growth habit in four pairs of crosses, for leaf colour, flower colour and stem pigmentation in two pairs of crosses each. It was observed that the inheritance of flower colour, stem pigmentation and testa colour which exhibited different shades of purple colour was likely to be governed by pleiotropic gene(s). Among the quantitative characters significantly positive reciprocal effects were observed in different crosses for number of mature pods per plant, weight of pods per plant and shelling percent. Marked reciprocal cross differences were observed for pod and kernel characters like pod filling, pod beak, pod constriction and testa colour. 相似文献
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Summary Advanced generation random lines from crosses of tolerant x susceptible parents were studied to determine the inheritance of tolerance to barley yellow dwarf virus (BYDV) in oats Avena sativa L. Clintland 64, a susceptible oat cultivar, was crossed with the BYDV tolerant oat lines Otee, FF64/74, M921 and CI4492. Randomly selected lines were advanced to F5 or F6 by single seed descent and were tested for their reaction to BYDV at Palmerston North, New Zealand and Winnipeg, Manitoba and Ste-Foy, Quebec, Canada.The reactions of the lines to BYDV infection from each cross at the three test sites fall into a relatively continuous distribution. Two to four quantitatively inherited genes appear to contribute to the tolerance of the four tolerant oats. At Palmerston North, Clintland 64 expressed some tolerance to the virus.The correlation between the three sites was significant (P=0.01) for all crosses, ranging from 0.36 to 0.69, according to the particular cross considered. This correlation is sufficient to justify more international testing of oats for BYDV tolerance.Contribution Nos. 1163. 相似文献
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大豆亲本品种数量性状的配合力分析 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
采用6个大豆亲本双列杂交设计,研究亲本及F_1、F_2的配合力.各性状的一般和特殊配合力方差分析多达显著水平.一般配合力效应表现较好的有豫豆6号和郑8431.在F_1和F_2中同一性状不同组合或同一组合不同性状间的特殊配合力效应具有显著差异.在不同世代中根据遗传力的大小,应对不同性状进行选择.单株粒重遗传力较低,不易在早期世代选择. 相似文献
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Test‐crosses for estimating combining ability in potato although useful are difficult to make being labour intensive and time consuming, and due to the problem of sterility. The objective of the present study was to test methods for estimating general combining ability (GCA) of parents based on fewer matings. The GCA of 12 females estimated based on matings with specific single testers (top‐cross) and three types of bulk pollen (poly‐cross) were compared with those estimated by 72 (12 × 6) test‐crosses, using common testers in three types of matings. The study was conducted for 2 years at each of the two locations representing short‐days subtropical conditions in plains and long‐days temperate conditions in hills of India. Analysis of variance of test‐crosses showed that both general and specific combining ability effects were important for tuber yield, late blight resistance as well as general impression, the characters studied. Correlation coefficients among three types of matings showed that bulk pollen matings had poor effectiveness in predicting the GCA of the females, whereas matings with selected individual testers resulted in GCA estimates similar to those based on six testers. Thus use of top‐cross involving selected tester could substantially reduce the number of matings required for estimating the GCA. Among the six testers used, the tester CFK69.1 could estimate the GCA of the females with reasonably high accuracy both for tuber yield and general impression, and ‘Tobique’ for reaction to late blight. 相似文献
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With the view to study heterozygosity and heterogeneity as to their effects and interactions on yield and yield stability in maize, the following four types of population structure were formed from eight inbred lines: Homogeneous populations of homozygous plants (the eight inbred lines themselves); heterogeneous populations of homozygous plants (four blends containing four lines each); homogeneous populations of heterozygous plants (16 single crosses); heterogeneous populations of heterozygous plants (four blends containing four single crosses each, and four double crosses). This material was grown in three environments (years). At both levels of heterozygosity, the blends did not outyield the means of their respective components grown in pure stands. yield stability of the various structural groups was ranked differently by ecovalence and the mean square for deviations from regression. By transforming the deviation mean squares into coefficients of variation it was possible to reveal improvements of stability not only by heterogeneity but also by heterozygosity, and additionally, an interaction of both factors in the sense of a diminishing return. 相似文献
18.
S. E. Ullrich H. Lee J. A. Clancy I. A. del Blanco V. A. Jitkov A. Kleinhofs F. Han D. Prada I. Romagosa J. L. Molina-Cano 《Euphytica》2009,168(3):331-345
Preharvest sprouting (PHS) and dormancy (DOR) can be problems in barley production and end use quality, especially for barley
used for seed and malting. Three crosses previously analyzed for DOR inheritance, were reanalyzed for PHS and DOR inheritance
using artificial rain to calculate sprout score (SSc) and measure alpha-amylase activity (AA). Germination percentage of untreated
grain for DOR was also measured. The crosses are ‘Steptoe’/’Morex’ (previously published), ‘Harrington’/TR306, and ‘Triumph’/Morex.
Among the three crosses, DOR QTLs were located to six and PHS QTLs to five chromosomes, respectively. Chromosome 6H was never
implicated. Previously identified DOR QTLs were confirmed in each cross, and most PHS QTLs coincided with DOR QTLs, but not
all. Unique PHS QTLs were identified on chromosomes 1H (AA), 2H (SSc, AA), 3H (SSc, AA), and 7H (SSc, AA) and unique DOR QTLs
on 1H, 2H, and 7H. Results indicate that PHS susceptibility and DOR are not always represented by opposite alleles at a locus.
Some QTL regions for a given trait are conserved across crosses and some are not. Several QTLs are suitable for marker-assisted
selection to balance PHS and DOR in breeding new cultivars. 相似文献
19.
Three lines conferring resistance to powdery mildew, Pm97033, Pm97034 and Pm97035, were developed from the cross of Triticum durum-Haynaldia villosa amphidiploid TH3 and wheat cv.'Wan7107' via backcrosses, immature embryo and anther culture. Genomic in situ hybridization analysis showed that these lines were disomic translocation lines. Cytogenetic analysis indicated that the F1 plants of crosses between the three translocation lines and 'Wan7107' and crosses between the three translocation lines and substitution line 6V(6D) formed 21 bivalents at meiotic metaphase I. Aneuploid analysis with 'Chinese Spring' double ditelocentric stocks indicated that the translocated chromosomes were related to chromosome 6D. Biochemical and restriction fragment-length polymorphism (RFLP) analyses showed that the translocation lines lacked a specific band of 6VL of H. villosa compared with the substitution and addition lines but possessed specific markers on the short arm of the 6V chromosome of H. villosa. The three translocation lines lacked specific biochemical loci and RFLP markers located on chromosome 6DS. The results confirmed that Pm97033, Pm97034 and Pm97035 were T6DL.6VS translocation lines. 相似文献
20.
以５个大豆杂交组合的Ｆ２－Ｆ５代为材料，连续４年在东北三省８个试验点按当地的高产育种目标进行选择，于Ｆ５代每个地点从每一组合中决选出１个高产品系，各地共计决选出４０个优良品系，并在上术８上地点以同一方案进行两年生态试验，以便分析生产条件对大豆杂交后代的选择效应。试验结果表明，在不同生态条件下，各地都选出了适合当地生态条件的生育期类型；在不同肥力条件下，各地都选出了适合当地生态条件的百粒重和抗倒伏性 相似文献