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1.
Russet Burbank leaf protoplasts were cultured in Shepard’s (1980) cell layer (CL) medium containing the amino acid analog ethionine (ETN), at concentrations ranging from 0 to 6 µM. Repeated counts of viable cells and dividing colonies during the 21 day incubation period permitted calculation of plating efficiencies for each ETN concentration. Plating efficiency was observed to decrease when ETN concentration in CL exceeded 3 µM. Calli which developed were placed on Shepard’s (1980) C media containing ETN concentrations up to 200 µM; however, few calli survived concentrations above 100 µM. Regenerated plants were grown to maturity and resulting tubers were analyzed for free methionine content. Selected protoclones produced tubers with free methionine content as much as 2.66 times that of the Russet Burbank control.  相似文献   

2.
The relationship of steam cooking time with cellular strength of cultivars Chieftain, Kennebec, Russet Burbank and White Rose was compared within and among solids concentrations. Nitrogen fertilization had no discernible effect on cell wall strength. Cell strength of Kennebec and Russet Burbank was similar regardless of solids concentration or cooking time. However, cell strength of Chieftain and White Rose differed with solids concentration and cooking time. Knowledge of cell strength and its characteristics with cooking time appear important for understanding the differences in textural quality that exists between cultivars.  相似文献   

3.
Alta Russet (Russet Nugget × Ranger Russet) is an early-maturing cultivar, with high yield and excellent processing quality (fry color and dry matter) coupled with a tuber size and shape profile ideal for the manufacture of wedge-cut french fries. In the western Canadian regional trials harvested 110 days after planting, the yield of the new cultivar was similar and the specific gravity superior to that of Russet Burbank. In multi-harvest date trials conducted under irrigated conditions in southern Alberta (Canada) the yield of Alta Russet was superior to Russet Burbank and Shepody and similar to Ranger Russet (Amisk) when harvested at 95 and 110 days after planting. The tuber specific gravity of the new cultivar was superior to Russet Burbank, Shepody, and Ranger Russet (Amisk) at 95 days after planting. At 110 days after planting tuber specific gravity was similar to Ranger Russet (Amisk), but superior to Russet Burbank and Shepody. Fry color was generally superior to Russet Burbank in the western Canadian regional trials and in the multi-harvest trials was generally similar to Russet Burbank, Shepody, and Ranger Russet (Amisk). Alta Russet produces excellent fry color out of long-term storage at 8 C and acceptable color at 6 C. External and internal defects occurred at very low levels in all trials. Alta Russet is resistant to common scab and Verticillium wilt, moderately resistant to early blight and Fusarium wilt and susceptible to Fusarium dry rot and late blight. The new cultivar shows clear symptoms when infected with bacterial ring rot.  相似文献   

4.
Pomerelle Russet is an early maturing fresh potato variety, which produces moderately high early-season (95–110 days after planting) yields of long tubers with brown-russet skin. It is notable for its very attractive, smooth tubers and resistances to internal and external defects with a high percentage of U.S. No. 1 tubers. Fresh merit ratings for Pomerelle Russet in trials conducted in Idaho, Oregon and Washington were consistently higher than Russet Burbank and Russet Norkotah. Early harvest yields for Pomerelle Russet are generally comparable to Russet Norkotah with a higher percentage of U.S. No. 1 tubers. Compared to Russet Burbank and Russet Norkotah, Pomerelle Russet has greater resistance to Potato mop-top virus, soft rot, corky ringspot and tuber infections from late blight. It also has higher protein and vitamin C concentrations than Ranger Russet, Russet Burbank and Russet Norkotah, indicating that it can provide an enhanced level of dietary protein and vitamin C relative to these standard potato varieties. Pomerelle Russet has moderate specific gravity and good resistance to sugar ends. It also has moderately long dormancy, about 30 days shorter than Russet Burbank. Average post-harvest processing ratings for Pomerelle Russet were similar to Ranger Russet and greater than Russet Burbank. Pomerelle Russet also has maintained acceptable fry color for about 180–200 days in storage at 8.9 °C, indicating potential for processing out of mid-term storage, with improved fry color uniformity relative to industry standards. However, its primary use appears to be as a high quality, early fresh variety.  相似文献   

5.
The effects of sulphur dioxide (SO2) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2), singly and in combination, on the shoot growth of four potato cultivars differing in maturity classification (Solanum tuberosum L. ‘Superior,’ ‘Norchip,’ ‘Kennebec, rs ‘Russet Burbank’) were determined in controlled conditions. Plants were exposed to 0.11 ppm SO2 and/or 0.11 ppm NO2 for 24 hours a day for 7 or 14 days. There were no significant differences in leaf growth of ‘Superior’ or ‘Norchip’ plants at 7 or 14 days. Stem dry weight was significantly reduced in ‘Superior’ only after 14 days in the mixture. ‘Kennebec’ and ‘Russet Burbank’ plants had significantly less leaf area, leaf fresh weight, and leaf water content after 14 days of exposure to the mixture, but there was no significant change in dry weight. Specific leaf weight was significantly increased in the mixture treated plants of both cultivars. The two earlier maturing cultivars, ‘Superior’ and ‘Norchip,’ were less sensitive to the SO2 and NO2 combination than the two later maturing cultivars, ‘Kennebec’ and ‘Russet Burbank’.  相似文献   

6.
Russet Burbank and Shepody potatoes of different chemical maturities (i.e. varying sucrose concentrations) at harvest were preconditioned by holding at 15 C for various durations to lower the concentration of reducing sugars to levels acceptable for processing as french fries out of 8 C storage. In chemically immature tubers (i.e. those harvested with a high sucrose), sucrose declined after harvest and stabilized in storage regardless of the preconditioning period. However, there was a temporary small increase in sucrose after harvest in more chemically mature tubers. The concentrations of the reducing sugars glucose and fructose were low at harvest, usually < 1.0 mg g?1, but increased rapidly during the first 30 to 45 d of storage in tubers with more than 2.0 mg g?1 sucrose at harvest. Preconditioning for up to 70 d at 15 C either limited the increase in reducing sugars or lowered them more rapidly during storage than when preconditioned for only 14 d. Fresh weight loss of Russet Burbank and Shepody was greater in physically and chemically immature tubers compared to more mature tubers. Extended preconditioning of Russet Burbank and Shepody resulted in minimal additional weight loss.  相似文献   

7.
GemStar Russet, derived from the cross Gem Russet x A8341-5, was released in 2004 by the USDA/ARS and the agricultural experiment stations of Idaho, Oregon, and Washington. The foliage of GemStar Russet is dark yellowish-green, spreading, with large leaves and abundant white flowers. The tubers are brown, medium to heavily russeted, oblong, with a slightly prominent eyebrow, white flesh, and indistinct pith. GemStar Russet was compared with Russet Burbank and Russet Norkotah in trials across the Pacific Northwest for yield, quality, and disease response. Except for locations in southern Idaho, in general, GemStar Russet produced slightly lower total yield than Russet Burbank, but much higher U.S. No. 1 yield. When compared with Russet Norkotah, GemStar Russet produced similar total and U.S. No. 1 yields in early harvest trials but higher total and U.S. No. 1 yields in late-harvest trials. When observed for defect problems, GemStar Russet exhibited resistance to second growth, growth cracks, and stemend discoloration, moderate resistance to blackspot and shatter bruising, but a high level of susceptibility to hollow heart. In product quality tests, GemStar Russet was rated superior to Russet Burbank for french fry quality and comparable for baked potato quality. GemStar Russet was found to be immune to PVX, resistant to common scab and powdery scab, moderately resistant to Verticillium wilt, tuber net necrosis caused by PLRV, and corky ringspot. It demonstrated susceptibility to late blight, PLRV, dry rot, soft rot, and ringrot and extreme susceptibility to PVYo. Biochemical analysis of GemStar Russet tubers showed them to be higher in protein and much higher in vitamin C than those of Russet Burbank or Russet Norkotah. Three-year average for tuber glycoalkaloid concentration was 1.5 mg 100 g?1.  相似文献   

8.
Teton Russet is an early-maturing, medium-russeted, potato cultivar with high merit for both fresh-pack and processing. In early harvest trials in the Pacific Northwest, Teton Russet had total yields similar to Russet Norkotah, and higher than Ranger Russet and Russet Burbank. Marketable yield of Teton Russet in the early harvest trials was also comparable to or higher than Russet Norkotah in Washington and Oregon, and higher than Ranger Russet and Russet Burbank at these sites, as well as in Idaho. In full-season trials, while total yield of the earlier-maturing Teton Russet tended to be lower than Ranger Russet and Russet Burbank, marketable yield was generally higher than Russet Burbank across the majority of sites due to its higher percentage of U.S. No. 1 tubers. Teton Russet is suitable for processing, with acceptable fry color following up to 8 months of storage at 8.9 °C. Uniformity of fry color was also very consistent. Teton Russet has shown lower levels of the amino acid asparagine relative to Ranger Russet and Russet Burbank which may contribute to lower acrylamide levels in French fries and other processed potato products. Teton Russet is notable for having resistance to common scab (Streptomyces spp.) and Fusarium dry rot, and is moderately resistant to tuber net necrosis. Analyses have also shown Teton Russet to have significantly higher protein levels than Russet Norkotah, Ranger Russet, and Russet Burbank, as well as higher vitamin C content than Russet Norkotah and Russet Burbank. Teton Russet was released in 2011 by the USDA-ARS and the Agricultural Experiment Stations of Idaho, Oregon, and Washington, and is a product of the Pacific Northwest Potato Variety (Tri-State) Development Program.  相似文献   

9.
Trials were conducted in Alberta with Norchip, Norland, and Russet Burbank and in Ontario with Kennebec, Russet Burbank, Norchip, and Superior tubers to determine their response to short-term exposure to air temperatures of 0, ?1, and ?5 C and to long-term exposure to ?1, 0, 1,2, and 3 C. Exposure of seed tubers to ?1 C from 6 hours to 5 days did not affect growth characteristics or tuber yield of any of the five cultivars studied. Long-term (October–May) exposure to ?1 C in one study severely reduced emergence and tuber yield of Norchip (P<0.05). While the marketable yield of Russet Burbank was also reduced (P<0.05) by this treatment, Norland was not affected. Tubers of all cultivars exposed to air temperatures of ?3 or ?5 C for longer than 24 hours were severely injured and were not planted in the field trials at either location. In Alberta exposure of seed tubers of Norchip, Norland, and Russet Burbank to ?5 C for 6 and 12 hours caused a reduction (not significant) in yield. In Ontario, long-term storage at 1, 2, and 3 C and in combination with short-term (2 weeks) exposure to 0 or 10 C had no effect on growth or marketable yield of Norchip, Russet Burbank, Superior, and Kennebec seed tubers.  相似文献   

10.
During growth of Russet Burbank tubers from less than 100 to over 250 g, thickness of parenchyma cell walls nearly doubled (1.9X) to slightly over 1 μ. Although affecting cell size at harvest maturity, different levels of N fertilizer and soil moisture had little influence on wall thickness. Wall thickness in Kennebec and Norchip increased to 0.9μ (1.7X), and in White Rose to slightly under 0.8 (1.2X). During the same growth, cell size nearly doubled in Russet Burbank. Cells of Kennebec, Norchip and White Rose averaged smaller than those of Russet Burbank at harvest maturity. Wall thickness and cell size showed similar relationships in foreign cultivars. Wall thickness in European varieties Bintje and Pimpernel was comparable to that of White Rose. Thickness in Atjimba closely approached that of Russet Burbank, and in Kamarz was similar to that of Norchip. Among South American cultivars, Doré had unusually thick walls (1.36μ), whereas those in Fruitella and Papa Bianca were between those of Norchip and White Rose. Bintje was comparable to domestic cultivars in tuber size, but all other foreign cultivars studied had medium to small tubers. Doré had unusually large cells for a small tuber. Differences in wall thickness may be due to differences in amounts of cell wall material, to differences in hydration properties of pectic components, or to combinations of both. Independently of wall thickness, the many primary pit fields in parenchyma walls may be a limiting factor in wall strength. The very thin pit membranes consist mainly of cellulosic microfibrils formed early in cell growth.  相似文献   

11.
The effect of daminozide [Butanedioic acid mono (2,2-dimethyl hydrazide)] on growth, field establishment and productivity of micropropagated Kennebec and Russet Burbank potato was studied. Addition of daminozide to the medium significantly reduced stem length ofin vitro propagated plantlets. Optimal dose was 0.6 mg active ingredient per plant. This dose did not significantly alter the number of nodes and leaf area. Three transplanting methods were examined: direct from tissue culture to the field without protection; the same but with a plastic covering for protection; and after 7 days acclimation in a greenhouse but without protection in the field. Stand establishment ranged from 83.3 to 100%. The second transplanting method had the highest percentage establishment for both cultivars. The application of daminozide improved survival for all transplants of Kennebec and the directly planted plantlets of Russet Burbank. Independent of the daminozide treatment, plants of both cultivars hardened in the greenhouse prior to transplanting produced the highest number and yield of tubers. For Russet Burbank, daminozide caused a delay in tuberization but did not affect tuber bulking and haulm growth.  相似文献   

12.
‘Alturas’, a late-maturing, high-yielding, russet potato cultivar with high tuber specific gravity, was released in 2002 by the USDA-ARS and the Agricultural Experiment Stations of Idaho, Oregon, and Washington. Originally selected for dehydration processing, its cold-sweetening resistance also makes it suitable for processing out of storage into french fries and other frozen potato products. Culinary quality is high, with larger tubers suitable for fresh market if heavily russeted skin is not essential. Alturas consistently produced greater total and U.S. No. 1 yields than ‘Russet Burbank’ and ‘Ranger Russet’ in southern Idaho trials. Across other western trial sites, total yields of Alturas have on average been 29% and 14% greater than Russet Burbank and Ranger Russet, respectively. Alturas is resistant to Verticillium wilt (Verticillium dahliae) and early blight (Alternaria solani). Compared with Russet Burbank and Ranger Russet, Alturas is less susceptible to corky ringspot and foliar and tuber infection by late blight (Phytophthora infestans). It also is less susceptible to tuber net necrosis and Fusarium dry rot than Russet Burbank, and is more resistant to common scab (Streptomyces scabies) than Ranger Russet. However, Alturas is more susceptible to infection by PVY and PVX than Ranger Russet. Total nitrogen application recommendations for Alturas are approximately 40% less than those for Russet Burbank. Alturas requires 15% to 20% more water during the growing season than does Russet Bur-bank.  相似文献   

13.
Previous research suggests that field greening of potato tubers can be minimized by planting seedpieces at an appropriate depth along with sufficient hilling to minimize exposure to sunlight. The appropriate planting depth and hilling practices to minimize field tuber greening have not been determined for newer cultivars. Two separate studies, each conducted for three years, are reported here. The first measured the effect of seedpiece planting depth on the yield, quality, and field greening tuber yield of ‘Russet Burbank’, ‘Frontier Russet’, and ‘Shepody’ potatoes. Seedpieces were handplanted in pre-formed hills at 8, 15, or 23 cm measured from the top of the seedpiece to the top of the hill. Planting at 23 cm resulted in significantly lower total yield compared with the 8- and 15-cm depths for Russet Burbank and Frontier Russet, but planting depth did not affect total yield of Shepody. U.S. No. 1 yield of Russet Burbank was not affected by planting depth, but U.S. No. 1 yield of Frontier Russet was significantly less at the 23-cm depth. For Shepody, the 8-cm depth caused a significant reduction in U.S. No. 1 yield compared with the 15-cm depth. Field greening tuber yield of Russet Burbank was significantly less at the 23-cm planting depth compared to 8 cm. For Frontier Russet and Shepody, planting at 15 or 23 cm resulted in significantly less field tuber greening compared to the 8-cm depth. The second experiment examined the effects of planting depth and hilling practices on yield, quality, and field tuber greening of Russet Burbank and Gem Russet potatoes. Six planting depth and hilling treatment combinations were used. Seedpieces were planted at a depth of either 8 or 15 cm, then hilled to either 15 or 23 cm at emergence or after plants had formed a rosette of leaves approximately 10 cm in diameter (post-emergence hilling). At-emergence hilling treatments had no effect on total or U.S. No. 1 yields of Russet Burbank compared with the 15-cm planting depth, non-hilled control. However, all post-emergence hilling treatments significantly reduced Russet Burbank total and U.S. No. 1 yields. Planting Russet Burbank at 8 cm and hilling to 23 cm at emergence, or planting at 8 or 15 cm and hilling to 23 cm post-emergence reduced field tuber greening of Russet Burbank. The effects of planting depth and hilling on Gem Russet total and U.S. No. 1 yields were less definitive than for Russet Burbank, and no treatments significantly reduced field tuber greening yield compared with the control.  相似文献   

14.
Research studies have evaluated the production of potatoes (Solanum tuberosum L.) grown in conventional and bed planting configurations. However, intercepted photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) from these planting configurations has not been quantified. A study conducted in 2008 and 2009 quantified and compared the intercepted PAR from three planting configurations (four row conventional ridged-row [4RC], five row bed [5RB], and seven row bed [7RB]), and from different plant spacings of cvs Russet Burbank, Russet Norkotah, and Ranger Russet potatoes under sprinkler irrigation. A second study was conducted in 2007 to evaluate the relationship between PAR and leaf area of Russet Norkotah and Russet Burbank for the three planting configurations. These studies were conducted at the USDA-ARS Northwest Irrigation & Soils Research Lab in Kimberly, ID, on a Portneuf silt loam (coarse–silty mixed mesic Durixerollic Calciorthid). The canopy of Russet Norkotah and Ranger Russet potatoes grown in 5RB and 7RB planting configurations intercepted more PAR during the early vegetative and tuber initiation growth stages compared to the 4RC planting configuration at equal populations in 2008 and 2009 at all measurement dates. The canopy of Russet Burbank intercepted more PAR during the early growth stage in 2008 when planted in the bed planting configurations compared to the 4RC planting configuration, but not on the July 17, 2008 and July 9, 2009 dates. The canopy cover of Russet Burbank potatoes planted in the 4RC planting configuration tended to catch up with the bed planting configurations quicker than the other two cultivars. In general, the quantity of PAR intercepted as affected by planting configuration did not influence total tuber yield and other measured production variables. Cumulative PAR interception 0–72 days after planting (DAP) was increased 35%, 38%, and 32% for the 5RB and 65%, 69%, 23% for the 7RB relative to the 4RC planting configuration for Ranger Russet, Ranger Norkotah, and Russet Burbank, respectively. Cumulative PAR interception for the season was increased 15%, 16%, and 4% for the 5RB and 23%, 23%, 5% for the 7RB relative to the 4RC planting configuration for Ranger Russet, Ranger Norkotah, and Russet Burbank, respectively. The relationship between intercepted PAR and leaf area for Russet Norkotah during the early vegetative and tuber initiation growth stages was significantly different between the three planting configurations, with intercepted PAR at a given leaf area in the order of 7RB>5RB>4RC. For Russet Burbank, the relationship was significantly different for the 5RB and 7RB compared to 4RC planting configuration only, with intercepted PAR at a given leaf area in the order of 7RB=5RB>4RC.  相似文献   

15.
Payette Russet is a full season, russet-skinned potato cultivar notable for its cold-sweetening resistance and associated low acrylamide formation, making it ideally suited for processing into French fries and other potato products. Low asparagine and reducing sugar concentrations in Payette Russet tubers contribute to an 81 % reduction in acrylamide content in French fries relative to cultivars Ranger Russet and Russet Burbank following eight months storage at 9 °C. In three years of evaluations in the Western Regional Potato Variety Trials, average yield of Payette Russet was intermediate between Ranger Russet and Russet Burbank, but Payette Russet had the highest U.S. No. 1 yield when averaged across all eight trial locations. Acceptably low tuber glucose concentrations (<0.10 % glucose FWB) were maintained in Payette Russet following up to nine months storage at temperatures as low as 5.6 °C with consistently acceptable French fry color scores obtained (USDA value ≤2.0). Reducing sugars are also maintained uniformly throughout Payette Russet tubers, resulting in a low incidence of sugar ends and reduced mottling in French fries relative to standard processing cultivars. Long tuber dormancy also benefits long-term storage for processing. With its russet skin, Payette Russet could also be used for fresh-pack, and its assemblage of disease resistances makes it especially suitable for organic production, or for use by growers and companies seeking greater sustainability in their production. Payette Russet is resistant to foliar and tuber late blight, common scab, and has extreme resistance to PVY conferred by the presence of the Rysto resistance gene. Payette Russet also has a moderate level of resistance to Verticillium wilt, early blight, and corky ringspot. It is susceptible to Fusarium dry rot (F. sambucinum), therefore production and storage management guidelines are provided to minimize tuber infection. Payette Russet displays a low incidence of second growth and growth cracks, especially relative to Russet Burbank, and is intermediate between Ranger Russet and Russet Burbank for incidence of hollow heart/brown center. Blackspot bruise expression for Payette Russet is similar to Russet Burbank and reduced relative to Ranger Russet. Payette Russet was more susceptible to shatter bruise, internal brown spot, and tuber weight loss in storage relative to the industry standard cultivars. Payette Russet was released in 2015 by the USDA-ARS and the Agricultural Experiment Stations of Idaho, Oregon, and Washington, and is a product of the Northwest (Tri-State) Potato Variety Development Program.  相似文献   

16.
Enlargement rates of starch-storage parenchyma cells during growth of Kennebec and Russet Burbank potato cultivars were determined for cortical, perimedullary, and pith tissuues of bud ends, midsections, and stem ends of tubers. Average volumetric size of parenchyma cells increased 7 to 18x during growth of Russet Burbank tubers, with the greatest increases occurring in cortical and perimedullary cells of bud ends and midsections, and the least in stem ends and pith tissues. In Kennebec tubers parenchyma cells in both stem end and midsection increased only 5 to 8 x, whereas increases in bud ends ranged from 8 to 20 times. Cell enlargement to tuber enlargement ratios appproached unity early in growth of Russet Burbank tubers. As tubers increased beyond the 45 g size, cell enlargement and tuber enlargement rates were essentially equal. Calculations of cells per unit tissue volume agreed with ratio determinations. The timing of such unity appeared to be delayed in Kennebec tubers, and was not quite as pronounced as in Russet Burbank tubers. This may have been due to differences in growth rates of individual tubers in response to cultural conditions. In general, cells of harvestmature Kennebec tubers were about 60% as large as similar cells of Russet Burbank tubers.  相似文献   

17.
The effects of sulphur dioxide (SO2) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2), singly and in combination, on the shoot and root growth of two potato cultivars sensitive to these pollutant gases were determined using rooted cuttings in controlled conditions. Plants were exposed to 0.11 ppm SO2 and/or 0.11 ppm NO2 for 24 hours a day for 7 or 14 days. Kennebec plants had significantly lower root fresh and dry weights after 7 days in the mixture treatments and lower root fresh weight in the NO2 treatment. Russet Burbank plants were more sensitive to SO2 and NO2 than Kennebec. Russet Burbank plants had significantly reduced leaf area, and leaf, stem, and root fresh and dry weights after 7 and 14 days of mixture treatment, and the leaf to root dry weight ratio was higher than in control plants. The combination treatment and SO2 alone resulted in visible injury on leaves of both cultivars. Changes in tissue water concentration, decreased specific leaf area and decreased root growth suggested that SO2 and NO2 altered plant water status and interfered with partitioning of dry matter from the leaves to other plant parts.  相似文献   

18.
Plant-based diagnostic methods of nitrogen (N) nutrition such as petiole nitrate (NO3-N) concentration can be used to improve the efficiency of N utilization, and hence decrease the risks of N losses to the environment. Our first objective was to determine the effect of N fertilization and supplemental irrigation on the petiole NO3-N concentration during tuber growth of two potato cultivars, Russet Burbank and Shepody, widely grown for processing in Eastern Canada. Our second objective was to establish the critical petiole NO3-N concentration using the relationship between petiole NO3-N concentration and the N nutrition index (NNI), an index based on the N concentration of shoots and tubers. This on-farm study was conducted at two sites in each of three years, 1995 to 1997. The N fertilization rates ranged from 0 to 250 kg N ha?1 with three rates in 1995, six rates in 1996, and four rates in 1997. The NO3-N concentration of petioles from the most recently mature leaves was measured on three sampling dates in 1995 and four sampling dates in 1996 and 1997. The petiole NO3-N concentration generally decreased with time. At all sites and on all sampling dates, the petiole NO3-N concentration increased with increasing N fertilization and was significantly greater for Shepody than for Russet Burbank. Irrigation had no consistent effect on petiole NO3-N concentration. Petiole NO3-N concentration was related to NNI (0.29<R2<0.62). Critical petiole NO3-N concentrations required to reach a NNI of 1.0, indicating a situation where N is not limiting growth, were greater for Shepody than for Russet Burbank, and they decreased with time. Critical petiole NO3-N concentrations (Y) expressed as a function of the number of days after planting (X) are Y = 4.80 - 0.055X for Russet Burbank and Y = 5.03 - 0.054X for Shepody.  相似文献   

19.
The release of three new potato (Solarium tuberosum L.) cultivars, Bannock Russet, Gem Russet, and Summit Russet, with unique plant growth characteristics, necessitates the development of appropriate N fertilizer recommendations. These three new cultivars, along with the standard cultivar, Russet Burbank, were treated with four N rates (0, 100, 200, and 300 kg N ha?1) using two different application timing procedures (“early,” with two-thirds N applied preplant, and “late,” with one-third applied preplant). Measurements included total and U.S. No. 1 yields, petiole NO3-N concentrations, and net returns derived from economic analysis using a processing-based contract. Each of the four cultivars showed a unique response to N application treatments. Bannock Russet achieved maximum yield and net returns with relatively small amounts of N fertilizer. It also showed no response to N application timing and had moderate NO3-N sufficiency concentrations early in the season, that decreased markedly late in the season. Gem Russet N requirement for maximum yield was similar to that of Russet Burbank, but required a higher amount of N for maximum net returns. Gem Russet also showed no response to application timing and had NO3-N sufficiency concentrations similar to or slightly higher than those of Russet Burbank. Summit Russet showed a strong trend for improved N use-efficiency when most of the N was applied early. On the other hand, analysis of net returns revealed a trend for greater profitability for Summit Russet when the majority of N was applied during tuber bulking. Petiole NO3-N sufficiency concentrations for Summit Russet were generally higher than those for the other three cultivars. In comparison with some earlier studies with Russet Burbank, this research suggested lower optimal N rates and petiole NO3-N sufficiency concentrations.  相似文献   

20.
Harvesting potatoes at or near physiological maturity increases the likelihood of producing high quality tubers which contributes to producing high quality processed end-product. Some growers harvest earlier than recommended in order to meet contract requirements and supply processors with early potatoes. Early harvest impacts the incentive-adjusted price (IAP) and revenue even after an early harvest incentive is applied. This study utilized a typical frozen processor contract and compared the economic impact of harvest timing (early, normal, and late) on the IAP of three potato varieties: Russet Burbank, Clearwater Russet, and Alpine Russet, grown in field trials at Parma, Idaho during 2014 and 2015. Contract quality incentives included percent of tubers greater than 170 g, percent sugar ends, percent of U.S. No. 1’s, and specific gravity. When compared to normal or late harvest, early harvest resulted in a decrease in the IAP and overall profit due to a significant reduction in specific gravity. Early harvest incentive did not offset the loss of revenue with Russet Burbank, but did offset revenue loss with Clearwater Russet and Alpine Russet. Clearwater Russet and Alpine Russet had significantly lower sugar end scores than Russet Burbank. Clearwater Russet consistently produced higher specific gravities and Alpine Russet produced larger tubers compared to Russet Burbank. Clearwater Russet and Alpine Russet have agronomic characteristics that can provide an increase in IAP over Russet Burbank.  相似文献   

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