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1.
利用方式和土壤肥力对土壤团聚体和养分的影响 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
LIU Xiao-Li HE Yuan-Qiu H. L. ZHANG J. K. SCHRODER LI Cheng-Liang ZHOU Jing ZHANG Zhi-Yong 《土壤圈》2010,20(5):666-673
The size distribution of water-stable aggregates and the variability of organic C, N and P contents over aggregate size fractions were studied for orchard, upland, paddy, and grassland soils with high, medium, and low fertility levels. The results showed that > 5 mm aggregates in the cultivated upland and paddy soils were 44.0% and 32.0%, respectively, less than those in the un-tilled orchard soil. Organic C and soil N in different size aggregate fractions in orchard soil with high fertility were significantly higher than those of other land uses. However, the contents of soil P in different size aggregates were significantly greater in the paddy soil as compared to the other land uses. Soil organic C, N and P contents were higher in larger aggregates than those in smaller ones. The amount of water-stable aggregates was positively correlated to their contribution to soil organic C, N and P. For orchard and grassland soils, the > 5 mm aggregates made the greatest contribution to soil nutrients, while for upland soil, the 0.25-0.053 mm aggregates contributed the most to soil nutrients. Therefore, the land use with minimum disturbance was beneficial for the formation of a better soil structure. The dominant soil aggregates in different land use types determined the distribution of soil nutrients. Utilization efficiency of soil P could be improved by converting other land uses to the paddy soil. 相似文献
2.
中国杉连作对土壤肥力的影响 总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10
The changes in soil fertility under continuous plantation of Chinese fir were studied by comparing soil samples from different forest stands:the first and second plantations of Chinese fir,evergreen broad-leaved forests,and clear-cut and burnt Chinese fir land located at Xihou Village,Nanping of Fujian Province.The soils were humic red soil originated from weathered coarse granite of the Presinian system.Soil pH,CEC,base saturation ,exchangeable Ca^2 ,exchangeable Mg^2 and A1-P declined after continuous plantation of Chinese fir.The same trends were also found in the soils under broad-leaved stands and slash burnt lands.The explantation was that not merely the biological nature of the Chinese fir itself but the natural leaching of nutrients,soil erosion and nutrient losses due to clear cutting and slash burning of the preceduing plantation caused the soil deterioration .Only some of main soil nutrients decreased after continuous plantation of Chinese fir,depending on specific silvicultural system,which was different from the conclusions in some other reports which showed that all main nutrients,such as OM,total N,available P and available K decreased,Some neccessary step to make up for the lost base,to apply P fertilizer and to avoid buring on clear cut lands could be taken to prevent soil degradation and yield decline in the system of continuous plantation of Chinese fir. 相似文献
3.
《土壤圈》2014,(5):I0001-I0004
<正>PEDOSPHERE is a peer-reviewed international journal of soil science.It welcomes submissions from scientists around the world under a broad scope of topics relevant to timely,high quality original research findings,especially up-to-date achievements and advances in the entire field of soil science studies dealing with environmental science,ecology,agriculture,bioscience,geoscience,forestry,etc.Its areas of particular interest include soil physics;soil chemistry;soil biology and biochemistry;soil fertility and plant nutrition;soil resources and use;soil mineralogy; 相似文献
4.
中国水稻土磷储量及其空间分异 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
LIN Jin-Shi SHI Xue-Zheng LU Xi-Xi YU Dong-Sheng WANG Hong-Jie ZHAO Yong-Cun SUN Wei-Xia 《土壤圈》2009,19(6):790-798
Due to the growing concern about the agricultural phosphorus (P) losses pollution, an in-depth understanding of P in paddy soils of China would be helpful in providing a national perspective of the environmental impact of P cycling and fertility on China’s farms. In this study, we evaluated the P storage and the P density of paddy soils in China, characterized the spatial variations of P among the subgroups of paddy soils and soil regions in China, and evaluated the P data using GIS-based analysis, which included a newly compiled 1:1 M digital soil map of China, and using 1 490 soil profiles. The available and total P densities of paddy soils were 6.7 and 698.5 g m-3, respectively. Overall in China, the total P storage within 1 m of paddy soils was estimated to be 330.1 Tg. The P density of paddy soils varied substantially with subgroups due to the different soil water regimes such as groundwater table and soil drainage. The P availability in paddy soils, especially in surface layer, was higher in high temperature and precipitation areas. Further research is needed to examine more anthropogenic impact factors, such as increasing use of chemical fertilizer. 相似文献
5.
Soil health is an important component of “One Health”. Soils provide habitat to diverse and abundant organisms. Understanding microbial diversity and functions is essential for building healthy soils towards sustainable agriculture. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) form potentially symbiotic associations with approximately 80% of land plant species that are well recognized for carbon flux and nutrient cycling. In addition to disentangling the signaling pathways and regulatory mechanisms between the two partners, recent advances in hyphosphere research highlight some emerging roles of AMF and associated microbes in the delivery of soil functions. This paper reviews the contribution of AMF to soil health in agroecosystems, with a major focus on recent progress in the contribution of hyphosphere microbiome to nutrient cycling, carbon sequestration, and soil aggregation. The hyphosphere microbiome and fungal stimulants open avenues for developing new fertilizer formulas to promote AMF benefits. In practice, developing AMF-friendly management strategies will have long-term positive effects on sustainable agriculture aiming at simultaneously providing food security, increasing resource use efficiency, and maintaining environment integrity. 相似文献
6.
Fasih Ullah HAIDER Jeffrey A. COULTER Liqun CAI Saddam HUSSAIN Sardar Alam CHEEMA Jun WU Renzhi ZHANG 《土壤圈》2022,32(1):107-130
The degradation of soil fertility and quality due to rapid industrialization and human activities has stimulated interest in the rehabilitation of low-fertility soils to sustainably improve crop yield. In this regard, biochar has emerged as an effective multi-beneficial additive that can be used as a medium for the amelioration of soil properties and plant growth. The current review highlights the methods and conditions for biochar production and the effects of pyrolysis temperature, feedstock type, and retention time on the physicochemical properties of biochar. We also discuss the impact of biochar as a soil amendment with respect to enhancing soil physical (e.g., surface area, porosity, ion exchange, and water-holding capacity) and chemical (e.g., pH, nutrient exchange,functional groups, and carbon sequestration) properties, improving the soil microbiome for increased plant nutrient uptake and growth, reducing greenhouse gas emissions, minimizing infectious diseases in plants, and facilitating the remediation of heavy metal-contaminated soils. The possible mechanisms for biochar-induced amelioration of soil and plant characteristics are also described, and we consider the challenges associated with biochar utilization. The findings discussed in this review support the feasibility of expending the application of biochar to improve degraded soils in industrial and saline-alkali regions, thereby increasing the usable amount of cultivated soil. Future research should include long-term field experiments and studies on biochar production and environmental risk management to optimize biochar performance for specific soil remediation purposes. 相似文献
7.
Effects of Chinese Fir,Loblolly Pine and Deciduous Oak Forests on Nutrient Status of Soils in Northern Subtropics of China 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
LUORU－YING GAOZHI－QIN 《土壤圈》1994,4(1):1-10
This paper deals with a study on the effects of Chinese fir,lobolly pine and deciduous oak forests o the nutrient status of soils in northern subtropics of China,adopting the principle of forest ecology in the case of similar climate and soil type.The experimental area was situated in the Xiashu Experimental Centre of Forest,where the soil is yellow-brown soil derved from siliceous slope wash.Sample plots of these 3 stands were established to study the nutrient status in litter ,the amount of nutrient uptake by roots,the quantity of nutrient output by percolating water outside the deep layer of soil,and the seasonal dynamics of available nutrient in surface soil.It was whown that the intensity of nutrient cycling in soil under deciduous oak was the highest,and the effect of oak in improving soil fertility was the best.The result of improving soil fertility by Chinese fir was the most inferior,though the intensity of nutrient cycling under that stand was higher than that under loblolly pine stand.The influence of loblolly pine on the improvement of soil fertility was better than that of Chinese fir,in spite of its lowest intensity of nutrient cycling. 相似文献
8.
可持续的中国农业养分管理: 挑战与展望 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
China has to raise agricultural productivity in its limited and shrinking farmland to guarantee food security for its huge and ever-growing population. Sustainable soil nutrient management is of paramount importance to the world's most populous country. Critical challenges the country is facing in sustaining soil fertility and in alleviating the hazardous impact of intensive fertilizer use are discussed in this paper. It is emphatically pointed out that national strategies as well as area-specific action plans with respect to scientific nutrient management are urgently needed to balance productivity and sustainability in the future. Relevant proposals for addressing those challenges are also presented. 相似文献
9.
基于小白菜Cd吸收推算土壤Cd安全阈值 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
LU Junhe YANG Xinping MENG Xuchao WANG Guoqing LIN Yusuo WANG Yujun ZHAO Fangjie 《土壤圈》2017,27(3):475-481
Cadmium(Cd), a common toxic heavy metal in soil, has relatively high bioavailability, which seriously threatens agricultural products. In this study, 8 different soils with contrasting soil properties were collected from different regions in China to investigate the Cd transfer coefficient from soil to Chinese cabbage(Brassica chinensis L.) and the threshold levels of Cd in soils for production of Chinese cabbage according to the food safety standard for Cd. Exogenous Cd(0–4 mg kg~(-1)) was added to the soils and equilibrated for 2 weeks before Chinese cabbage was grown under greenhouse conditions. The influence of soil properties on the relationship between soil and cabbage Cd concentrations was investigated. The results showed that Cd concentration in the edible part of Chinese cabbage increased linearly with soil Cd concentration in 5 soils, but showed a curvilinear pattern with a plateau at the highest dose of exogenous Cd in the other 3 soils. The Cd transfer coefficient from soil to plant varied significantly among the different soils and decreased with increasing soil p H from 4.7 to 7.5. However, further increase in soil pH to 8.0 resulted in a significant decrease in the Cd transfer coefficient. According to the measured Cd transfer coefficient and by reference to the National Food Safety Standards of China, the safety threshold of Cd concentration in soil was predicted to be between 0.12 and 1.7 mg kg~(-1) for the tested soils. The predicted threshold values were higher than the current soil quality standard for Cd in 5 soils, but lower than the standard in the other 3 soils. Regression analysis showed a significant positive relationship between the predicted soil Cd safety threshold value and soil p H in combination with soil organic matter or clay content. 相似文献
10.
集约化管理的温室土壤养分现状研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Nine districts covering the main greenhouse vegetable areas in Tianjin Municipality of the North China Plain were selected for the soil investigation in 2010 to survey the current soil nutrient status (soil available N, P and K), acidification and salinization due to excessive input of fertilizers in greenhouses in Tianjin. The study showed that, in particular, soil available P content increased with the age of greenhouses. In contrast, our results did not reveal higher K accumulation and lowered pH in the greenhouse soils compared with cultivation in open fields. Over-fertilization, causing high NO 3 accumulation, most likely resulted in salinity problems in the greenhouses. Ninety percent of the investigated greenhouse soils had electrical conductivity values of saturated paste extracts of 2-10 d S m-1 , which might affect the yields of vegetable crops like green bean, pepper, cabbage, carrot, eggplant, lettuce, spinach, celery, cucumber and tomato. The findings of our survey of the current fertility and salinity problems in greenhouse soils suggest that there is an urgent need to improve the farmers’ practices and strategies in fertilization management in greenhouses of China. Because education and the agricultural technical extension services may play a more important role in avoiding overuse of fertilizers, we suggest that current nutrient management practices should be improved in the near future through training of local farmers in farmers’ schools and through strengthening the agricultural extension services with practical techniques. 相似文献
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12.
通过区域调查、采样和分析,系统研究了苏北滨海围垦滩涂设施农业土壤的连作障碍特征。研究表明,随着大棚青椒和韭菜连作年限的增加,大棚土壤呈不同程度的板结趋势,0~20、20~60 cm的表、根层土壤逐渐呈轻中度的盐渍化趋势,土壤有机质、全氮、碱解氮、速效钾等养分含量呈显著降低趋势,土壤全磷、有效磷、全钾含量则无显著变化,土壤微生物数量呈显著降低趋势。滩涂青椒和韭菜连作大棚土壤基本不缺磷肥,但有补充氮肥、钾肥和有机肥的必要性。滩涂地区大棚青椒和韭菜连作3年后,土壤呈现较为严重的连作障碍特征,主要表现为严重的次生盐渍化、养分失衡和微生物环境恶化风险,全年棚期的青椒连作障碍风险尤为显著,因此提出滩涂大棚青椒和韭菜的连作年限应不超过2年。 相似文献
13.
The NSW Soil Knowledge Network (SKN) is a small group of senior ex‐government soil scientists concerned that more needs to be done to improve soil management and stem land degradation with on‐ground extension and training workshops. Widespread attendance and positive feedback from SKN training courses and workshops indicate their extension success and confirm a strong demand for practical independent soil management advice aided by government‐based databases to enhance on‐site workshops. We argue that effective soil knowledge transfer requires interaction and discussion between soil scientists and land managers. This can bridge the gap between data and useful knowledge about soil and land management. The workshop format, where specific soil management issues of specific interest, such as soil acidity, nutrient management or soil sodicity, are discussed between land managers and soil scientists, has been a useful approach. A major concern is that soil scientists with knowledge and practical experience are getting older and fewer in number but few replacements are being appointed in private or government agencies. Also, despite soil electronic data and information being freely available, many land managers and advisors have difficulties accessing and translating soil data into relevant land management decisions. Dialogue with SKN members helps solve this problem because of their hands‐on and face‐to‐face approach with their audiences. The combination of data with effective soil knowledge transfer is successfully exhibited at SKN workshops for advisory groups and the ‘pits and kits’ field days as shown in the paper. 相似文献
14.
水土保持措施及其减水减沙效益分析 总被引：20，自引：17，他引：20
水土流失已经和正在蚕食着人们赖以生存的宝贵的水土资源，如何有效地控制水土流失日益受到社会各界和科学家们的广泛关注。中国在水土保持方面创造了许多颇具特色的水土保持措施，如：生物林草措施、耕作措施和水土保持工程措施。该文总结了目前所采用的主要水土保持措施类型。采用坡度、坡长校正公式将数据转化为具有可比性的量值(标准小区)，定量分析了各种水土保持措施对于减少径流和土壤侵蚀产沙的效果，即治理措施的减水减沙效益，为小流域土壤侵蚀预报、水土保持措施的优化及合理配置、优化土地利用结构等提供参考依据。 相似文献
15.
不同种类中国杉对土壤养分状况的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
The effects of different types of Chinese fir stand,including those with varous composition (pure and mixed),in various cropping systems (first and continuous cropping system)and at different ages,on the nutrient status of soils the hilly regions of southern Anhui Province were studied by means of ecological sequential comparison on the basis of similar climate and soil type.The work was carried out in the Xiaoxi Forest Farm of Jingxian County and the Caijiaqiao Forest Farm of Jingde Coundy,where the soil is parayellow soil derived from phyllite and sandstone,The results revealed that with the increase of age,Chinese fir pure stand could accumulate organic matter and nitrogen in the soil but it resulted in decreasing of soil pH and base ions(especially Ca^2 ) compared to its mixed stand with broad-leaf trees such as Chinese sassafras,In order to improve the soil fertility,It would be better to mix Chinese fir with broad-leaf trees when afforestation In the management of Chinese fir pure stand,base compounds and phosphates should be added to the soil for mintaining soil fertility and raising and raising forest productivity. 相似文献
16.
Sally K. McInnes‐Clarke Brian R. Jenkins Andrew Rawson Brian W. Murphy 《Soil Use and Management》2019,35(1):105-116
The New South Wales (NSW) Soil Knowledge Network (SKN) is a group of retired soil specialist volunteers, who strive to promote the importance of soils through knowledge and expertise. The Soil Knowledge Network is unique and represents a new direction in knowledge sharing using the passion of recently retired soil scientists to support new and early career soil scientists. The terms ‘legacy science’ and ‘sharing legacy knowledge’ are used here to describe SKN activities. This paper reflects on the progress of the SKN and assesses its positive impact on raising the awareness and understanding of soils using qualitative examples from workshops, a survey of soil team coaches at the 2018 National soil judging competition, and metrics from social media and online resources. SKN successes and learning experiences are discussed along with notions of trust, credibility and the importance of people in delivering positive outcomes. 相似文献
17.
基于特征向量的旱地连续种植模式土壤肥力综合评价 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
为了探索红壤区旱地种植模式对土壤肥力的影响,以及合理利用资源目的,本研究选择当地常见的种植模式以及运用常规施肥方式进行了连续性的小区试验,并根据综合评价原理,运用数理统计学知识,采用方差分析方法,构造了基于特征向量的指标权重计算方法,对红壤旱地连续种植模式下土壤肥力进行了综合分析。结果表明,该模型能够比较合理地反映试验数据的变化趋势,比较恰当地反映土壤肥力变化情况,评价分析方法具有一定的科学性和正确性。模型分析结论为:柰李+(花生绿肥花生)对提高土壤肥力效果相对最佳,而对照最差。研究还以试验小区的生物量和能量效益分析验证了结果。 相似文献
18.
不同栽培模式对黄瓜根际土壤酶活性及细菌群落结构的影响 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
分别以小麦、燕麦、毛葱、芹菜、白菜与黄瓜伴生或套作,研究了不同栽培模式对黄瓜根际土壤酶活性及细菌群落结构的影响,为连作土壤环境修复提供理论依据。结果表明:小麦/黄瓜、燕麦/黄瓜伴生,毛葱/黄瓜套作显著提高了根际土壤过氧化氢酶活性（P0.05）;芹菜/黄瓜套作和小麦/黄瓜伴生显著提高了根际土壤过氧化物酶活性（P0.05）;芹菜/黄瓜套作显著提高了根际土壤脲酶活性（P0.05）;不同栽培模式均显著提高了各时期根际土壤转化酶活性（P0.05）。PCR-DGGE分析结果显示,不同栽培模式在一定程度上提高了黄瓜根际土壤细菌群落结构多样性。DGGE条带测序显示,黄瓜根际土壤细菌大多与不可培养的细菌种属具有较高的同源性,测序比对推测,主要分属于-变形菌纲（Alphaproteobacteria）、-变形菌纲（Betaproteobacteria）、鞘脂杆菌纲（Sphingobacteria）和芽单胞菌纲（Gemmatimonadetes）四个纲。本研究说明不同栽培模式对土壤酶活性和土壤细菌群落结构均产生一定影响,改变了土壤环境,其中小麦与黄瓜伴生栽培模式效果较好。 相似文献