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《绿色中国(A版)》2004,(13):73
日前,国家林业局发布2004年春季我国沙尘天气灾害情况报告。截止5月底,我国北方地区共发生18次沙尘天气,其中强沙尘暴1次,沙尘暴5次,扬沙浮尘天气12次。 在我国北方地区发生的18次沙尘天气中,单次影响范围超过100万平方公里的沙尘天气有2次,50～100万平方公里的有3次,50万平方公里以下的有13次。西北、华 相似文献
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沙尘暴、扬沙、浮尘是大气环境中三种特殊的天气现象,现行的划分标准主要依据气象条件,从外部一些气象指标定量描述,该研究通过10年连续动态的测试,结果表明沙尘暴、扬沙、浮尘三种沙尘天气与造成空气混浊的含沙、含尘量有着数量上的对应关系,且在一定的范围之内变动。文章给出变动范围值,将每一种沙尘天气与一组数值对应,最后,探讨性提出降低这些空气指标的途径有二,并建议一些数量指标。 相似文献
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库布齐沙漠及周边地区五十年气候变化特征 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
《内蒙古林业科技》2019,(4)
利用库布齐沙漠及周边15个旗县区1969-2018年气象数据,对各气象要素进行分析。结果表明:年平均气温在波动中呈显著升高的趋势,升高速率为0.39℃·10 a~(-1);降水量无明显变化规律,但20世纪90年代末至21世纪初降水偏少;在大风日数无明显变化的情况下,扬沙和沙尘暴日数明显递减。从空间分布特征看,气温由西向东降低,降水由西向东增加,大风日数、沙尘暴日数、扬沙日数和年平均风速由西向东减小。 相似文献
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20 0 0年包括北京城在内的大部分北方地区几乎没有让人们享受到春天的快乐。几乎天天有风 ,处处见沙。人们不会忘记 ,3月 8日、1 8日、2 2～ 2 3日、2 7日、4月 3日…及 5月 1 3日 ,沙尘暴去年已在我国发生了 1 5次了。继 2 0 0 1年 1月 1日的沙尘暴给新世纪一个下马威后 ,2月 2 8日 ,3月 2～ 3日 ,3月 1 1日 ,3月 1 4日等又发生了多次沙尘暴。沙尘暴在我国广大的北方地区已经成为春季最主要的自然灾害之一。本文就谈谈沙尘暴的概念、危害、成因及防治对策。1 浮尘、扬沙与沙尘暴的概念在气象中 ,人们将沙尘天气分为浮尘、扬沙和沙尘暴三个… 相似文献
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气象因子对云南大理森林火灾的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本文选用2001年-2010年大理州的森林火灾次数与对应的气象数据进行统计分析,通过分析大理州森林火灾的时间分布及对应的气候特征,得出了火灾次数与气温和风速呈正相关、与相对湿度呈负相关的结论。用森林火灾次数与气象因子进行相关分析,结果表明月平均最高气温、平均相对湿度和平均最大风速与月火灾次数显著相关;旬平均最高气温、平均相对湿度和平均最大风速以及前两旬的累计降水量与旬火灾次数显著相关;日最高气温、平均相对湿度、最大风速和前15日累计降水量与日火灾次数显著相关。综合分析表明气温、降水、相对湿度和风速与大理州森林火灾次数有明显的相关性,气温、风速与火灾次数呈正相关,降水、相对湿度与火灾次数呈负相关。 相似文献
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分析了磴口近52年(1954—2005)逐月扬沙天气。结果表明:(1)该区扬沙天气一年四季均出现,但主要发生在春季,其次为冬季;一年中扬沙天气高峰出现在4月,低谷出现在8-9月。(2)年及春季、冬季、夏季扬沙日数各年代际变化规律一致,均为逐年代递减。秋季与其他三季扬沙日数变化略有不同。(3)年及四季扬沙日数均为线性下降,线性方程均通过了置信度0.001的显著性检验,下降率为年>春季>冬季>夏季>秋季,20世纪80年代为转折期,体现为"先多后少"的特点。年扬沙日数与春季扬沙日数滑动序列的波动趋势比较接近。 相似文献
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《绿色中国(A版)》2019,(12)
<正>记者6月28日从国家林业和草原局获悉,今春我国北方地区沙尘天气次数较少,且集中发生在春季后期,强度偏弱,影响范围较小。沙尘天气次数和强度均低于近18年(2001年-2018年)同期均值。据监测评估数据显示,3月1日至5月31日,我国北方地区共发生10次沙尘天气过程,包括强沙尘暴1次,沙尘暴2次,扬沙7次。沙尘天气影响范围涉及我国东北、华北、西北地区15省(区、市)679个县(市、区、旗),受影响国土面积约275万平方公里,人 相似文献
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为探索冀北山地油松与落叶松径向生长与气象因子的关系,选取承德围场地区立地条件相似的油松与落叶松2个样本作为研究对象,研究二者的生长规律,并结合该地区降水与气温2个主要气象因子,研究气象因子对油松、落叶松径向生长的影响。结果表明:1)冀北山地油松、落叶松2个树种生长与气温和降水都有较为显著的相关性,其中2、3月份的气温与油松径向生长呈显著正相关,而6月份则呈显著负相关;2)上年12月份的降水与其显著负相关,当年6月的降水与其显著正相关;3)落叶松方面,2、5、6月这3个月份的气温与落叶松径向生长呈显著负相关,上一年11月、当年的3、8、9月的气温与落叶松径向生长呈正相关,但不显著;4)该地区降水与落叶松径向生长总体呈正相关,其中3、5、6、7月份的降水与落叶松径向生长呈显著正相关;5)松径向生长与上一年12月份至当年4月份的气温总体呈正相关,与5—10月份的气温整体呈负相关,与上一年10—12月份的降水呈负相关,与当年4—10月份降水呈正相关;6)落叶松对气象因子响应程度略大于油松,落叶松与降水因子整体呈正相关,与气温呈负相关,说明该区域内气温是落叶松径向生长的限制因素。 相似文献
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《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(5):427-435
In Scandinavia, moose (Alces alces L.) sometimes cause severe browsing damage to economically-important pine. Moose-vehicle accidents have spurred construction of fences along roads, and these may interfere with moose migration between summer and winter ranges, or the road alone may be a barrier. If this happens and moose build up along roads, landowners may suffer economically. Therefore, this study investigated whether roads, fences or other factors influence the use of young pine stands by moose. Eighty stands along roads in northern Sweden were evaluated in which individually-browsed branches were counted on 9972 pines. Moose browsing was not significantly related to birch (Betula pendula Roth, B. pubescens Ehrh.) density, nor did it differ between pines (Pinus contorta Douglas or P. sylvestris L.). However, increased pine density, site productivity and proximity to a highway were associated with increased browsing. Further large-scale studies are needed to understand moose habitat selection and the effects of roads. 相似文献
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《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(3):206-217
The root systems of 2-yr-old Picea glauca, Picea mariana and Pinus banksiana seedlings were submitted to various frost temperatures during an artificial frost to induce different levels of root damage. Frost-damaged and control seedlings were placed in a greenhouse under high and low soil moisture regimes. Seedling growth and physiology were evaluated periodically. Seedling survival was reduced when root damage reached levels of 60-80%. Root systems of all three species showed partial to total recovery by the end of the experiment. In general, root freezing damage caused reductions in seedling growth, with these reductions becoming less significant over time. Root damage had little to no effect on black spruce and jack pine seedling physiology, while white spruce CO 2 uptake decreased with increasing root damage. Shoot nitrogen content of all three species decreased slightly with increasing root damage. 相似文献
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《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(1):53-61
This study investigated the stand structure in pine, spruce and deciduous forests in the border district of Finland and Russia. A total of 46 mature forest stands was selected as pairs, the members of each pair being as similar as possible with respect to their forest site type, age, moisture and topography. The stands were then compared between the two countries by means of basal areas and number of stems. The proportions of dominating tree species were 2-12% lower, and correspondingly the proportions of secondary tree species higher, in Russian forests. The density of the forest stock was also higher in each forest type in Russia. The forests in the two countries differed most radically in terms of the abundance of dead trees. The amount was two to four times higher in Russian deciduous and spruce forests, and in pine forests the difference was 10-fold. The stand structures indicated that Russian coniferous stands, in particular, were more heterogeneous than intensively managed pine and spruce stands in Finland. 相似文献
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《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(1):15-27
The root collar diameter and the height:diameter ratio are of particular importance in container-grown seedlings where a high density in the containers may produce spindly seedlings. Temperature regimes and light quality are known to affect plant growth. The aim of this study was to identify responses in Picea abies (L.) Karst. seedlings grown with light providing different red:far-red ratios and under temperature regimes with alternating day (DT) and night temperature (NT) from negative (DT < NT) to positive (DT > NT) difference (DIF) between DT and NT. Experiments were conducted in controlled environment chambers and in a daylight phytotron. Only limited thermoperiodic responses appeared in P . abies seedlings with respect to seedling height and dry weight accumulation. The formation of terminal buds, however, was clearly delayed in seedlings grown at negative DIF. The results indicate a requirement for day extension light that is high in far-red, to prevent terminal bud formation under natural short-day conditions. An extended study should be conducted to clarify the minimum level of light intensity and the optimal light quality needed to prevent terminal bud formation under natural short-day conditions. 相似文献
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本文分析了CAD在设计中引起的正面和负面影响,并进行了系统的阐述,从而使设计者在应用中能够保持客观的态度。 相似文献
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《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(2):131-138
The effects of soil scarification (mounding), slash removal and clear-cut age on the natural regeneration in clear-cuts was evaluated using data from four sites in southern Sweden. The treatments were carried out during a good seed and establishment year for birch ( Betula pubescens Ehrh. and B. pendula Roth). Scarification had the strongest positive effect on the density of naturally regenerated seedlings, especially in birch, but also in pine ( Pinus sylvestris L.) and spruce [ Picea abies (L.) Karst]. Slash removal had a positive effect on birch density. No statistically significant effect of clear-cut age was found. In addition, no statistically significant interactions between clear-cut age and scarification or slash removal were found. The ingrowth of field vegetation was the fastest in areas that were not scarified, less rapid in areas scarified on old clear-cuts, and the slowest after scarification in fresh clear-cuts. In conclusion, it may be possible to control the density of birch during a good establishment year for birch. If birch is desired, the best combination of treatments is to remove the slash and scarify; otherwise, these treatments should be avoided. 相似文献
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《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(5):472-479
Based on an enquiry, risk perception among non-industrial private forest owners is described in relation to climate change and forestry hazards. Of the respondents, 11% took action to remedy the effects of climate change. Out of a given set, hazards were ranked according to each respondent's experience of recent substantial financial loss to the estate and in relation to his or her willingness to make investments aimed at risk reduction. For each hazard, the respondent assessed the risk in four classes ranging from very high to negligible risk. Six hazards were considered most problematic in all three aspects: browsing damage, falling timber prices, damage by wind, spruce bark beetle, root rot and pine weevil. A majority of the respondents claimed to take action to reduce the risk associated with at least one hazard, while 35% did not know whether they did. Excluding climate change, the need for decision support was the largest in relation to damage by wind owing to a combination of perceived high risk and a high level of ignorance in relation to whether risk-reducing measures were taken. 相似文献
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Srisuda Thippayarugs Banyong Toomsan Patma Vityakon Viriya Limpinuntana Aran Patanothai Georg Cadisch 《Agroforestry Systems》2008,72(2):137-148
In situ produced plant residues contain a mixture of different plant components of varying quality. To assess synergistic
or antagonistic interactions occurring during the decomposition and mineralization of such mixtures, individual plant parts
(stems, leaves, leaf litter and roots) or the mixture of stems, leaves and leaf litter of the agroforestry species pigeonpea
(Cajanus cajan) or of crop residues of peanut (Arachis hypogaea) or of the weed hairy indigo (Indigofera hirsuta) were incubated in pots for 19 weeks. Periodically, remaining plant residues were sieved out (>2 mm), weighed and N content
as well as soil mineral N determined. Above- and below-ground residues of peanut decomposed fastest and showed the largest
N release in agreement with their high N concentration and low-acid detergent fibre (ADF) : N ratio. Hairy indigo was hypothesized
to be of lower quality than pigeonpea because of its high-polyphenol content. However, it decomposed faster than pigeonpea,
largely because of the higher N and lower lignin concentration of its components. Ranking of individual plant components for
N mineralization resulted in the following pattern, leaves > leaf litter > roots > stems. In mixtures of the different plant
components a similar species order in decomposition was obtained, e.g. peanut > hairy indigo > pigeonpea. The amount of N
released from the mixture was dominated by stem material that comprised 46–61% of the mixture. The interactions in mixtures
were relatively small for peanut (generally high-quality components) as well as for pigeonpea (low proportion of high-quality
components, i.e. N rich leaf material). However, a positive interaction occurred during later stages of N mineralization in
the mixture of hairy indigo as it had a significant proportion of N rich components and absence of highly reactive polyphenols.
Thus, for plants with low to intermediate chemical quality attributes, manipulating plant composition (e.g. by varying harvest
age, affecting stem and leaf proportions) will be important to obtain significant interactions during decomposition when its
components are mixed. 相似文献
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A. Rigueiro-Rodríguez M. R. Mosquera-Losada E. Gatica-Trabanini 《Agroforestry Systems》2000,48(3):245-256
The use of organic waste materials such as milk sewage as an organic fertilizer could have the dual advantages of organic-waste
disposal and reduced dependence on inorganic fertilizers. The effects of fertilization with (1) conventional mineral fertilization,
(2) milk sewage sludge at 40 kg N ha−1 target rate and (3) no fertilization on pasture production and tree growth were examined in an experiment consisting of two
pasture mixtures under a one-year-old Pinus radiata plantation with a density of 2500 trees ha−1. The two pasture mixtures were: (1) Dactylis glomerata L. var. saborto (25 kg ha−1) + Trifolium repens L. group Ladino (4 kg ha−1) + Trifolium pratense L. var. Marino (1 kg ha−1); (2) Lolium perenne L. var. Tove (25 kg ha−1) + Trifolium repens L. group Ladino (4 kg ha−1) + Trifolium pratense L. var. Marino (1 kg ha−1). The experiment began in the spring of 1995 using a randomized block design with three replicates in Castro Riberas de Lea
(Lugo, Galicia, north-western Spain). Plot size was 12 × 8 m2, with a 1 m buffer strip between plots. Two-year data showed that fertilization with either material had a positive effect
on pasture production, with no significant difference between the two fertilization treatments. Tree growth in the milk sewage
sludge plot was significantly higher than in the control plots. Inorganic fertilization increased pasture production, but
affected tree growth negatively. The results show that milk sewage sludge could be used as a fertilizer in silvo-pastoral
systems.
This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献