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籼粳交稻米蛋白质含量的基因型与环境互作效应的分析 总被引：13，自引：2，他引：11
用包括基因型×环境互作效应的种子性状遗传模型,对籼粳交组合的蛋白质含量进行了遗传研究,结果表明：在籼粳交组合中,蛋白质含量的遗传表达主要受直接加性和母体加性效应控制,以母体加性效应为主。直接显性、母体显性和细胞质效应方差分量也达到显著或极显著水平。基因型×环境互作主要表现为直接加性×环境、母体加性× 相似文献
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普通玉米主要营养品质性状的遗传效应分析 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
用13个普通玉米自交系按NCⅡ设计（7×6）研究了普通玉米主要营养品质性状的遗传效应。结果表明，普通玉米主要营养品质性状的遗传受种子二倍体胚、三倍体胚乳、细胞质和二倍体母体植株4套遗传体系的控制；主要品质性状4套遗传体系的效应值之间无太大的差异，蛋白质、淀粉和赖氨酸含量的胚遗传效应全部体现为胚加性遗传效应，而4种品质性状的胚乳遗传效应则全部由胚乳显性遗传效应构成；母体遗传效应主要表现为母体加性效应；遗传效应预测值表明亲本9636、99S2041-1-1-1和478在普通玉米品质改良中可能有一定的应用潜力。结果还发现，不同品质性状间存在不同程度的遗传相关，因此对这些性状进行间接选择或杂种优势利用均可取得一定的效果。 相似文献
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转基因抗虫棉种子品质性状的遗传效应及相关性分析 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
采用二倍体种子数量性状遗传模型和统计分析方法,分析了陆地棉9个亲本和30个杂交组合的子指、种仁率、仁壳比、蛋白质含量、油分含量和棉酚含量等种子物理性状和营养品质性状的遗传效应、遗传率和遗传相关性。结果表明,所有棉子品质性状均受种子直接遗传效应和母体遗传效应的共同控制,种仁率还受到细胞质效应的影响。子指和仁壳比以母体显性效应为主,蛋白质含量以显性效应为主,油分含量和棉酚含量以母体加性效应为主。遗传相关性分析表明,棉子物理性状和营养品质性状间的显性遗传相关均达到极显著水平,其中子指与蛋白质含量呈极显著显性正相关,子指与油分含量和棉酚含量呈显性负相关。种仁率和仁壳比与3个棉子营养品质性状间的母体遗传相关均达到了极显著水平。 相似文献
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低酚棉棉子品质性状的遗传分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
利用ＡＤＭ模型对棉子品质性状的遗传分析结果表明，壳指、仁指、仁壳比、种仁率和种仁蛋白质指数存在母体效应，其中蛋白质指数的母体效应还大于加性和显性效应。子指主要受显性效应控制，且不存在母体效应，其它四个棉子物理品质性状的显性效应大于加性效应，但年度间存在差异。蛋白质含量、油分含量和油分指数不存在母体效应。所有棉子品质性状的狭义遗传率均较低。仁指可作为棉子物理品质性状改良的选择指标；棉子营养品质的选择在很大程度上取决于快速、可靠的检验方法的建立和完善。ＩＳＡＢＣ４ｇｌ可用于棉子物理品质性状的改良，浙棉９号可用于棉子营养品质性状的改良。这两个品种的杂种后代，棉子品质有较强的杂种优势。 相似文献
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为了解云南省农业科学院新选育的13份籼型和9份粳型优质米品种(系)稻米品质性状的差异及其相互关系,对其直链淀粉含量、胶稠度、蛋白质含量、RVA谱特征值及食味值进行测定,并对各品质性状的相关性和主成分进行分析。结果表明,粳稻的直链淀粉含量和食味值的平均值低于籼稻,而其胶稠度和蛋白质含量的平均值则高于籼稻;各品质性状的变异系数的绝对值变幅为2.61%(籼稻的峰值时间)～175.16%(籼稻的崩解值)。相关性分析显示,籼、粳稻材料的直链淀粉含量和胶稠度分别与RVA谱特征值中的多个指标间存在显著或极显著的相关性,在粳稻材料中直链淀粉含量和胶稠度与峰值时间的相关性最高,而在籼稻材料中直链淀粉含量与冷胶粘度和消减值的相关性最高,胶稠度与消减值的相关性最高;且籼、粳稻的RVA谱特征值间也存在着密切的相关性,而蛋白质含量和食味值则与RVA谱特征值间不存在相关性。籼稻主成分的前4个因子的累积贡献率达到85.506 5%,其中第一、二主成分主要反映淀粉的粘性和糊化,第三主成分与食味值有关,第四主成分与淀粉变性有关;在粳稻中前3个主成分的累积贡献率为85.330 6%,第一主成分与直链淀粉含量有关,第二主成... 相似文献
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籼粳亚种间杂种优势利用是实现杂交稻超高产育种目标途经之一,粳型亲籼系的选育和利用是籼粳交亚种间杂种优势利用的重要途经。作为籼粳亚种间超高产杂交水稻三系不育系选育方法之一,就是创造粳型亲籼不育系。该不育系必备不育系及胞质与保持系和籼稻恢复系具有遗传协调性;不育系基因组属于粳或粳偏籼型;对现有恢复系有很高的配合力;具有良好的农艺性状和不育特性;不育系对病虫抗性除主效基因外还应累积其他有效抗性基因。 相似文献
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陆地棉主要农艺与纤维品质性状的双列杂交分析 总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1
本文利用加性-显性与环境互作的遗传模型(ADE模型),分析8个陆地棉亲本及其F1在不同环境下的农艺和纤维品质性状,在估算遗传方差分量、遗传效应的基础上,分析各类性状间的遗传相关性,并预测F1和F2的杂种优势,为棉花杂种优势利用和新品种选育提供了较有价值的信息。研究表明,农艺与纤维品质性状的遗传主要受加性、显性和加性与环境互作效应控制。遗传相关分析表明,皮棉产量与纤维品质性状的显性相关系数值较大,利用杂种优势在早期世代可以得到协同改良,纤维品质性状间易实现协同改良。杂种优势分析表明,F1和F2的皮棉产量均具有显著的超亲优势,纤维品质性状的杂种优势不明显。 相似文献
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Analysis of embryo, endosperm, cytoplasmic and maternal effects for heterosis of protein and lysine content in indica hybrid rice 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The heterosis controlled by genetic main effects and genotype × environment (GE) interaction effects for protein content and lysine content traits of indica hybrid rice, Oryza sativa L., was studied by using a genetic model for quantitative traits of triploid endosperm. The experiment was conducted over 2 years in a factorial design that included nine cytoplasmic male-sterile lines as females and five restorer lines as males. It was revealed that heterosis of protein content and lysine content were simultaneously controlled by genetic main effects and GE interaction effects. Maternal general heterosis and maternal interaction heterosis were observed. Embryo heterosis or cytoplasm heterosis for lysine content and endosperm heterosis for protein content were more important in general heterosis. Embryo interaction heterosis and cytoplasm interaction heterosis were more important for protein content, but endosperm heterosis was only important for lysine content in GE interaction heterosis. It was shown that some indica hybrid crosses had significant positive heterosis for protein content. Negative heterosis for lysine content was observed in most hybrid crosses. 相似文献
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选用6个羟基红花黄色素A（HSYA）含量差异较大的亲本,采用双列杂交方法配制杂交组合,测定2015年和2016年2年亲本及其后代F1和F2红花中的HSYA含量。运用双子叶植物种子数量性状遗传模型和统计分析方法,分析胚、细胞质和母体植株3套遗传体系的基因效应和环境互作效应。结果发现：在HSYA含量的遗传体系中,母体遗传效应影响最大,胚效应次之,细胞质效应影响最小。3套遗传体系均表现出基因主效应大于环境互作效应。机误方差较大,说明HSYA含量还受环境机误或抽样误差的影响。亲本遗传效应分析表明,豫红花1号（P1）做亲本表现稳定,有利于增加杂交后代HSYA含量,达到提高品质、改良品种的效果。胚显性方差和母体显性方差均达到极显著水平,表明同时存在种子杂种优势和母体杂种优势,而且其主效应基因不受环境影响。综合考虑遗传主效应、胚显性效应和母体显性效应,亲本组合（P1×P5）有利于提高后代杂交品种的HSYA含量。该研究结果可为后代材料在杂种优势利用中的亲本选择提供理论支持。 相似文献
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陆地棉品种间杂种的种仁油分和氨基酸成分的遗传分析 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
用双列分析的方法研究了陆地棉(Gossypium hirsutum L.)4个品种及其杂种 F_1的种仁油分和氨基酸成分的资料,分析了杂种优势的表现和遗传效应,并估算了棉子性状间的简单相关系数。F_1的种仁含油率表现正的平均优势(4.75%),种仁氨基酸总量表现负的平均优势(-3.60%)。这两个性状的显性方差(H_1、H_2)都远大于加性方差(D),表明它 相似文献
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大豆籽粒异黄酮含量的遗传效应研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
大豆异黄酮含量差异较大的6个大豆品种为亲本，通过双列杂交配置杂交组合，测定了两个环境条件下亲本、F1和F2种子的异黄酮含量。采用双子叶植物种子数量性状遗传模型和统计分析方法, 分析了胚、细胞质和母体植株等不同遗传体系的基因效应以及环境互作效应。结果发现大豆籽粒异黄酮含量的表现主要受制于母体遗传效应, 其次为胚(子叶)基因效应,细胞质效应影响较小。不同遗传体系的基因主效应明显大于环境互作效应。异黄酮含量的机误方差较大,说明异黄酮含量更易受到环境条件变化影响。亲本遗传效应分析表明, 选用豫豆29或郑90007亲本有利于增加杂种后代大豆籽粒异黄酮含量,提高品质改良的效果。胚显性方差和母体显性方差均极显著，表明种子杂种优势和母体杂种优势会同时存在，而且是不受环境影响的主效应基因。 相似文献
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The analysis of genetic correlations between fiber length (Len), strength (Str), micronaire, and 12 other traits was conducted using the additive (A)-dominance (D) genetic model, which considers genotype × environment interaction effects, in intraspecific upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) hybrids to effectively improve the quality of cotton cultivars in high planting density cases. Decision-making coefficients were computed based on the genetic correlation and path analysis of three fiber quality traits. The decision-making coefficient analysis of three fiber traits in cross breeding was beneficial for the improvement of Len by increasing the additive effects of Str and length of boll (LB) and decreasing lint percentage (LP), boll number of the top three fruit-bearing branches. The analysis was also beneficial for the improvement of Str and fiber fineness by increasing or decreasing the additive effects of other traits. Utilizing heterosis in hybrids was beneficial to the heterosis of Len by selecting the high dominance effects of number of nodes of the 1st fruit-bearing branch and LB and decreasing the dominance effects of diameter of boll (DB) and LP and for improving Str by increasing the dominance effects of DB and decreasing the dominance effects of number of fruit-bearing branches and number of nodes of the main stem (NNMS). Utilizing heterosis was also beneficial for improving fineness by increasing the dominance effects of LB, Str, and lint yield and decreasing the dominance effects of NNMS and Len. 相似文献
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The purpose of the study was to evaluate the relationship between the genetic distances (GD) and phenotypic distances (PD)
of parents and the specific combining ability (SCA) and heterosis effects. The experiment comprised 18 parental genotypes
of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and 76 F2 hybrids, obtained after crossing in a line × tester scheme. Parents and hybrids were examined in a field experiment conducted
in a block design with three replications. SCA as well as mid-parent heterosis effects were estimated for selected morphological
and technological traits. PDs and GDs were investigated between pairs of parental genotypes. GD between parental genotypes
was evaluated by using randomly amplified polymorphic DNA markers. Heterosis was observed in all hybrids, and protein content
exhibited the highest heterosis among the seven examined traits. The relationship between PD and GD as well as the SCA and
mid-parent heterosis effects were evaluated using correlation coefficient. The correlation between PD, SCA and heterosis were
low and not significant for the examined traits, whereas the correlation between SCA, heterosis and GDs were significant for
protein content and rheological properties. The results indicate that GDs between parents can be used to predict performance
of hybrids for selected technological traits. 相似文献
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Ana M. González Fernando J. Yuste-Lisbona María Lores Antonio M. De Ron Rafael Lozano Marta Santalla 《Euphytica》2014,196(3):349-363
Nuña beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.), an ancient and pre-ceramic landrace native to Andean region, possess the property of popping and a high content of proteins and carbohydrates, which makes it an alternative nutritious snack. Knowledge on the genetic bases of popping ability is relevant for common bean improvement. Progenies derived from two nuña bean crosses were used in a generation mean based mating design to determine the inheritance and gene action for five popping related traits: length of popped seeds (PSL), popping dimension index (PDI), percentage of un-popped seeds (PUS), popping percentage average (PPA) and expansion coefficient (EC). Significant additive gene effects were found for all traits, and was the only source of the observed variation for PSL, while dominance and higher-order interactions among loci contributed to the genetic divergence for the other traits. The dominance of the cultivated over nuña alleles for PDI, PPA, EC and PUS, was confirmed by high mid-parent heterosis values and generation mean comparisons. The [d] and [dd] gene effects were in opposite direction for PPA and EC, indicating duplicate epistasis. Therefore, epistasis is likely to be an important explanation for the heterosis in both traits. For PDI and PUS, the opposite signs for [aa] and [dd] gene effects indicated that the genes for increasing popping are dispersed between the parents. Generation means and variances of BC1P2 indicated advantages of the backcross breeding procedure to improve the adaptation of the exotic germplasm and at the same time, transfer part of the desired donor genes to cultivated common bean. The backcross to the nuña parent could be an alternative to maintain/recover the favorable epistatic gene combinations found for PDI, PPA, EC and PUS traits. 相似文献
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