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1997年至 2 0 0 0年 ,作者等在新疆准噶尔盆地东部木垒县境内开展了波斑鸨 (Chlamydotisundulata)的生态学研究工作。研究内容涉及栖息地 ,种群数量和密度 ,巢与卵 ,筑巢成功率和孵化率 ,食性 ,迁徙。研究结果表明 ,波斑鸨多在植被盖度 ,高度和草本植物丰富度较低的地带繁殖栖息 ;研究区内约有成年波斑鸨 2 5 1- 2 93只 ,平均密度为 0 .0 838只 /km2 ;从 1998年至 2 0 0 0年 ,平均巢卵数分别为 :3.9± 0 .8,3.7± 0 .9和 3.0± 0 .9。孵化成功率为 0 .83～ 1。营巢成功率为 0 .2 5～ 0 .775 ;波斑鸨以多种植物和无脊椎动物为食 ,其中猪毛菜 (Salsolaarbuscula)是一类重要的食物 ;波斑鸨多在 9月中至 10月中开始秋季迁飞 ,平均迁徙天数为 2 4± 17天 ,飞越 34 0 0 - 470 0km ,在伊朗、印度和巴基斯坦越冬 相似文献
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准噶尔盆地南缘荒漠鼠类的微栖息地选择 总被引：8，自引：6，他引：2
依据地形及其内植被组成特征,划分出５种微栖息地类型。通过在不同物候期的观测表明,４种共存的鼠种间存在着明显的微栖息地分离。二足型跳鼠选择在开阔的空间活动四足型沙鼠则主要在多年生灌丛下取食。二种类型的鼠类微栖息地选择都不同程度地与同的多年生灌木 相似文献
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白刺（Nitraria tangutorum）灌丛沙堆是吉兰泰荒漠绿洲过渡带常见的自然景观。在不同背景植被盖度下，白刺灌丛生长与沙堆形态特征如何变化，仍然未知。通过对白刺灌丛和沙堆形态参数的测量，定量分析不同背景植被盖度下白刺灌丛和沙堆形态参数的差异性，以及白刺灌丛生长特征与白刺灌丛形态之间的关系。探讨背景植被盖度对白刺灌丛沙堆演化的影响。结果表明：（1）4种背景植被盖度下白刺灌丛沙堆演化稳定，白刺灌丛沙堆各形态参数随着背景植被盖度增加逐渐向大规模、小密度方向发展。（2）从整体来看，不同背景植被盖度下白刺灌丛沙堆各形态参数之间存在良好的相关关系。（3）吉兰泰荒漠绿洲过渡带白刺灌丛沙堆长轴与短轴之间存在二次函数或幂函数关系；除样地1外，白刺沙堆高度和水平尺度之间存在幂函数关系。（4）吉兰泰荒漠绿洲过渡带白刺灌丛盖度主要集中于40%～80%，占灌丛沙堆总量的64.62%，说明研究区白刺灌丛生长状况良好。据此认为研究区白刺灌丛沙堆发育良好，暂时不会成为风沙危害绿洲的策源地。 相似文献
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草地灌丛化对植被与土壤的影响 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
《干旱区研究》2017,(5)
位于东非高原低海拔区的埃塞俄比亚博拉娜区草地正遭受着灌丛化的威胁。本文将博拉娜区灌丛化草地按灌木盖度分成3个等级,研究不同灌丛化程度草地植被及土壤理化性质的差异。结果表明:随灌丛化程度增加,灌木冠幅和种类增加,高度先增加后降低,密度先降低后增加;草本植物的盖度、高度、优势种盖度下降,但优势种有所增加;含水量、黏粒含量下降,其中轻度灌丛化草地(灌木盖度40%~60%)含水量达22.36%,容重和紧实度先下降后上升,中度灌丛化草地(灌木盖度在60%~80%)容重达1.23 g·cm~(-3);有机质、全磷、速效磷、pH先增加后降低,在中度灌丛化草地分别为4.73%、0.73 g·kg~(-1)、16.86 mg·kg~(-1)、8.19;全氮和无机氮含量增加,在重度灌丛化草地(灌木盖度80%)高达1.85 g·kg~(-1)、12.29 mg·kg~(-1)。 相似文献
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雪豹栖息地选择研究初报 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
2004年9月～2005年7月,对新疆天山东部、北塔山、阿勒泰山和托木尔峰自然保护区的雪豹活动痕迹进行调查,分析其栖息地选择.通过对171个痕迹标记样方和123个对照样方的分析,用卡方适合度检验和二项式检验分析雪豹栖息地选择差异;用主分量分析确定其栖息地选择的主要因素.结果表明:①雪豹对海拔、地形、植被类型、放牧状况及生境平坦度几项生境特征均有选择性,尤其对海拔、地形、植被类型和生境平坦度选择性明显;②众多生境特征中,生境平坦度和植被类型是雪豹栖息地选择的主要影响因子,地形次之;③在生境平坦度中,雪豹避开地表平坦的区域而在较崎岖的区域活动;就植被类型而言,雪豹避开荒漠、草甸、草原和森林,而在灌丛中活动;此外,雪豹还倾向于在谷底而不是山坡活动. 相似文献
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乌拉特荒漠草原群落物种多样性和生物量关系对放牧强度的响应 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
以内蒙古乌拉特荒漠草原灌丛和草本植物群落为对象,研究这2种植物群落的物种组成、物种多样性及其与地上生物量关系对不同放牧处理(对照、中牧、重牧)的响应。结果表明:①随着放牧强度的增加,灌丛群落中红砂(Reaumuria songarica)和碱韭(Allium polyrhizum)的优势度增大,沙生针茅(Stipa glareosa)的优势度减小;重牧降低草本群落中沙生针茅的优势度,增加了蒙古韭(Allium mongolicum)和碱韭的优势度。②不同放牧处理显著降低了灌丛和草本群落的盖度、高度以及灌丛群落的密度,消除了灌丛和草本群落之间盖度的差异(P> 0. 05)。中牧降低灌丛群落的Pielou均匀度指数,重牧降低灌丛群落的物种丰富度,灌丛和草本群落的其他多样性指数在放牧处理之间无显著差异(P> 0. 05)。除物种丰富度外,其他多样性指数在灌丛和草本群落之间差异显著(P <0. 05)。③不同放牧处理降低了灌丛和草本群落的地上生物量和凋落物量,导致灌丛和草本群落之间地上生物量的显著差异(P <0. 05)。④地上生物量与Simpson优势度指数负相关,与Shannon-Wienner多样性指数和Pielou均匀度指数正相关;放牧处理下地上生物量与密度、物种丰富度正相关。放牧处理改变了荒漠草原植物群落组成、结构和功能,进而改变了群落结构和功能的重要关系。 相似文献
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中国北方农牧交错区夏季土壤风蚀研究——以河北丰宁县大滩乡二道河为例 总被引：9，自引：1，他引：9
土壤风蚀与风速、土壤粒径组成和地表的植被盖度有关 ,在农牧交错区 ,夏季存在着风蚀风速 ,由于植被盖度的增大 ,减缓了夏季风蚀现象的发生。所以 ,降低放牧强度 ,保持一定的植被盖度 ,不但能阻止夏季风蚀现象的发生 ,而且对来年春季的生态状况有较大影响。 相似文献
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Olivier COMBREAU 《干旱区科学》2009,1(1):74-79
The distribution and migration of houbara bustard in China was studied by range investigation and tracking through PTT satellite transmitter from 1997 to 2004. The houbara bustard occurs in the Junggar Basin, north part of Tacheng Basin and valley of Ulungur river in northern Xinjiang, southern part of Turpan Basin and Barkol in eastern Xinjiang. In Inner Mongolia, the houbara bustard occurs in Urathouqi, Alxahouqi and Ejinaqi. In Gansu province, the houbara bustard occurs in Wuwei, Minqin and Shandan. The whole range is not contiguous area. Houbara bastard started migration from Junggar Basin in northern Xinjiang, Turpan Basin and Barkol in eastern Xin-jiang, Wuwei in western Gansu Province and Bayan Nur in western Inner Mongolia in the middle of September. Flying to the west and northwest, via Junggar Basin and area between Bole and Habahe in northern Xinjiang, entered Kazakhstan, they turned toward southwest, passed Uzbekistan and Turkmenistan, arrived in Arabia Bay of southern Iran or flied over Afghanistan, arrived in southern Pakistan for wintering. The whole migration usually took 35 ± 13 days covering a distance of 4 800-7 000 km. In the next year, houbara went back to the breeding grounds in China through the same routes at the beginning of March. However, it took the birds 64 ± 17 days to finish the spring migration. They arrived in breeding site between middle of April and late May. The sub-adults arrived later and did not breed. 相似文献
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卡拉麦里山有蹄类保护区鹅喉羚的采食地选择 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
2006-2007年,通过野外直接观察采样的方法,研究了新疆卡拉麦里山有蹄类动物保护区内鹅喉羚的采食地特征。Mann-Whitney U检验表明,春夏秋三季鹅喉羚采食地内的植物种数、植被盖度、植被高度和可食生物量均显著高于对照地中相应成分。主成分分析表明,影响研究区内春夏秋三季鹅喉羚采食地选择的关键环境因子是食物因子(植物种数,可食生物量和各季节大宗食物密度)、警戒因子(坡位和植被盖度)、温度因子(坡向和植被高度),以及水分因子(富含水分的食物)。冬季鹅喉羚经受严重的放牧干扰,采食地呈现为生存而被迫选择局部次适宜区域栖息的特征。 相似文献
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草本层是古尔班通古特沙漠植被的重要组成部分,在维持沙漠稳定、养分循环等方面具有重要意义。水分通常以积雪和降雨形式输入到土壤,输入方式及数量变化对荒漠植物的存活和生长有重要影响。本文以古尔班通古特沙漠南缘草本层为研究对象,利用人工增减积雪的方法,共设置4个积雪处理(0,50%,100%,200%积雪,其中100%积雪为对照),于2009—2016年春季调查草本植物的数量特征和物种丰富度,分析草本植物数量特征对水分变化的响应;同时结合气象数据,分析不同年份一年生荒漠草本植物数量特征与主要气象因子的关系。结果表明：表层土壤含水量与积雪厚度成正比,相应的草本植物的幼苗密度与积雪水当量、表层土壤含水量成正比关系;2009—2016年,年内积雪量的变化对物种丰富度没有显著影响,各积雪处理间物种丰富度差异不显著;2009—2016年自然处理下年际间物种丰富度差异显著,2015年物种丰富度显著小于其余年份。结合气象数据分析发现,物种丰富度年际变化主要受幼苗建成期的降雨调控,并且干旱年份过后的湿润年份物种丰富度不受前一年降水的影响,说明荒漠草本植物层片具有较强的自我调节能力;自然处理下,不同年份草本植物旺盛期的存活数量与大气干旱程度(空气饱和差)呈显著负相关关系（R2值为0.611,P<0.05）,与生长季的降雨量呈正相关关系（R2值为0.162, P>0.05）,说明大气干旱程度更能表征荒漠草本植物生长峰值期的存活情况。 相似文献
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为明确不同自然保护区外来入侵草本植物及其与本地植物多样性之间的关系,以我国生物多样性丰富的云南省为研究对象,于2014年对云南省6个国家级自然保护区的82个1 m2小样方(78个100 m2大样方)中外来入侵草本植物和本地植物物种丰富度和密度进行调查,并分析外来入侵草本植物物种丰富度与本地草本植物物种丰富度、外来入侵草本植物密度与本地草本植物密度的关系及对不同自然保护区外来入侵草本植物物种丰富度的差异进行分析。结果显示,共调查发现22种外来入侵草本植物,其中纳板河流域国家级自然保护区种类最多,达14种,金平分水岭国家级自然保护区仅有2种;6个国家级自然保护区本地草本植物的物种丰富度与外来入侵草本植物的物种丰富度之间、本地草本植物密度与外来入侵草本植物密度之间均呈现正、负2种相关关系,其中哀牢山国家级自然保护区本地草本植物的物种丰富度与外来入侵草本植物物种丰富度呈显著负相关,其它5个国家级自然保护区的相关性均不显著。简单回归分析表明自然保护区外来入侵草本植物物种丰富度与本地草本植物物种丰富度、本地草本植物盖度、本地乔灌木物种丰富度呈显著负相关,多元回归分析结果表明乔灌木物种丰富度和经纬度是造成不同自然保护区外来入侵草本植物物种多样性差异的主要原因。 相似文献
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Patterns of loss of biodiversity associated with invasion by Chrysanthemoides monilifera subsp. monilifera (boneseed) across a large geographic region 
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下载免费PDF全文 To investigate the impact of invasion by Chrysanthemoides monilifera ssp. monilifera (boneseed) on plant communities, sites that were invaded and uninvaded were surveyed across Tasmania, South Australia and Victoria, Australia. Above‐ground cover abundance was estimated and samples of the seed bank from invaded and uninvaded sites in each state were collected and germinated in the glasshouse. We compared species richness and composition between invaded and uninvaded sites for both above‐ground and below‐ground samples. Across this broad geographic area, C. monilifera invaded sites had 25% fewer species than uninvaded sites and twice as many exotic species. Most growth forms showed reduced richness in invaded sites. There were no differences in the composition of native species communities between invaded and uninvaded sites in most regions, except South Australia. The composition of the seed bank differed from the above‐ground vegetation, but was similar within each state. Herbs and grasses were most abundant. The species composition of the seed bank was different in invaded sites only in Victoria, suggesting that invasion may negatively influence the capacity of the seed bank to restore vegetation in some areas. However, the underlying mechanisms for the observed patterns were not tested in this study. The capacity of all sites to regenerate effectively from the seed bank was limited and, in order to ensure the conservation of biodiversity into the future, monitoring of species richness at smaller scales, particularly those where management of C. monilifera has occurred, will be needed to ensure management can facilitate the establishment of missing species. This study suggests that C. monilifera impacts a range of functional groups and different species across its distribution and is therefore non‐selective in how it influences changes in communities. 相似文献
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不同季节土庄绣线菊根围丛枝菌根真菌群落差异性研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
土庄绣线菊(Spiraea pubescens)是内蒙古大青山干旱生态系统重要的护土灌木,研究季节变化对土庄绣线菊根围丛枝菌根真菌(arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi,AMF)群落的影响,有助于进一步探讨AMF在土庄绣线菊生长发育过程中发挥的作用。采用传统染色检测与Illumina Mi Seq测序相结合的方法,研究季节变化对内蒙古大青山土庄绣线菊AMF侵染率、孢子密度、丰富度、多样性和群落组成的影响。结果显示:在春季、夏季和秋季,AMF侵染率和丛枝丰度不存在显著差异,而孢子密度却存在显著差异。AMF丰富度和多样性在夏季显著低于春季和秋季,但在春季和秋季间差异并不显著;主成分分析(principal coordinate analysis,PCo A)和PERMANOVA分析表明,春季和秋季AMF群落组成与夏季存在显著差异,而在春季和秋季间差异并不显著。 相似文献
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Shrub presence has an important effect on the structuring of ground beetles in desert ecosystems. In this study, in order to determine how shrubs and different species influence ground beetle assemblages in a sandy desert scrubland dominated by two different shrub species, namely Calligonum mongolicum and Nitraria sphaerocarpa, we sampled the ground beetles using pitfall traps during spring, summer and autumn in 2012. At the community level, the activity density of the ground beetles was shown to be significantly higher under shrubs than in intershrub bare habitats in spring; but an opposite pattern occurred in autumn, suggesting the presence of season-specific shrub effects on the activity density of the ground beetles. Meanwhile, at the trophic group level, the activity density and species richness of predators were significantly greater under shrubs than in intershrub bare habitats in spring, whereas an opposite trend occurred on the activity density in autumn. N. sphaerocarpa shrubs had a positive effect on the activity density of herbivores in the three seasons, and C. mongolicum shrubs had a positive effect on the activity density of detritivores in spring and autumn. At the species level, more Microdera sp. was captured under shrubs than in intershrub bare habitats in spring. During the same time, we also found that C. mongolicum shrubs had a positive effect on Blaps gobiensis in spring, Carabus sp. in autumn, and Tentyria sp. in spring and autumn, and N. sphaerocarpa shrubs had a positive effect on Cyphogenia chinensis, Sternoplax setosa in spring and summer, and Curculionidae sp. 1 in summer and autumn. The study results suggest that shrub presence, shrub species and season variation are important factors for ground beetle assemblages in this desert ecosystem, but the responses of beetles differed among trophic and taxonomic levels. 相似文献
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基于GIS的三江源地区物种多样性保护优先性分析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
根据我们的多次科考调查和青海省对野生动物的调查结果等有关资料图件,对三江源地区的物种多样性和人类干扰因素等进行了分析和评估。选择9种鸟类、15种哺乳动物、20种植物作为本研究的指示物种,利用GIS制作了主要的珍稀濒危野生动植物分布图。选择放牧、人口、居民点、公路等因素作为生物多样性的主要干扰因素,制作出三江源地区干扰强度空间分布图。然后根据物种的丰富度和特有性、脆弱性和干扰程度等指标分析了三江源地区物种多样性保护优先性地区,做出了物种多样性保护优先地区空间分布图。 相似文献
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为有效保护北京市昆虫多样性，在调查和收集整理北京市昆虫物种分布名录的基础上，基于区级尺度研究北京市昆虫分布格局，通过回归模型和多层次方差分解等方法探讨昆虫丰富度与环境因子的关系。结果显示，北京市昆虫物种有29目409科5 259种，其中门头沟区昆虫物种数最多，为18目243科2 232种，东城区昆虫物种数最少，为8目34科68种，表现为山区昆虫多样性明显高于平原区和城区。影响昆虫科丰富度的主要因素为最高月降水量、森林覆盖率和昼夜温差月平均值；影响昆虫种丰富度的主要因素为路网密度、最高月降水量、昼夜温差月平均值和年平均气温。不论是在昆虫科或种阶元上，最高月降水量和昼夜温差月平均值对昆虫丰富度的解释能力最显著，说明降水和温度因子对昆虫分布有强限制性。表明昆虫丰富度及其分布格局是由不同环境因子共同作用的结果，降水和温度的变化对北京市昆虫丰富度有决定性的影响。 相似文献
20.
《干旱区科学》2015,(1)
Shrub presence has an important effect on the structuring of ground beetles in desert ecosystems. In this study, in order to determine how shrubs and different species influence ground beetle assemblages in a sandy desert scrubland dominated by two different shrub species, namely Calligonum mongolicum and Nitraria sphaerocarpa, we sampled the ground beetles using pitfall traps during spring, summer and autumn in 2012. At the community level, the activity density of the ground beetles was shown to be significantly higher under shrubs than in intershrub bare habitats in spring; but an opposite pattern occurred in autumn, suggesting the presence of season-specific shrub effects on the activity density of the ground beetles. Meanwhile, at the trophic group level, the activity density and species richness of predators were significantly greater under shrubs than in intershrub bare habitats in spring, whereas an opposite trend occurred on the activity density in autumn. N. sphaerocarpa shrubs had a positive effect on the activity density of herbivores in the three seasons, and C. mongolicum shrubs had a positive effect on the activity density of detritivores in spring and autumn. At the species level, more Microdera sp. was captured under shrubs than in intershrub bare habitats in spring. During the same time, we also found that C. mongolicum shrubs had a positive effect on Blaps gobiensis in spring, Carabus sp. in autumn, and Tentyria sp. in spring and autumn, and N. sphaerocarpa shrubs had a positive effect on Cyphogenia chinensis, Sternoplax setosa in spring and summer, and Curculionidae sp. 1 in summer and autumn. The study results suggest that shrub presence, shrub species and season variation are important factors for ground beetle assemblages in this desert ecosystem, but the responses of beetles differed among trophic and taxonomic levels. 相似文献