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1.
牦牛低海拔舍饲是解决藏区草畜矛盾的重要手段,同时也能促进冷季牦牛生长发育,改善牦牛肉品质。旨在探讨低海拔区域开展牦牛舍饲模式对牦牛生长发育、屠宰性能、肌肉品质以及血清指标的影响,初步探索低海拔舍饲影响牦牛肌肉品质的可能因素。选用10头36月龄体重、体况相近的健康公牦牛,随机均分为舍饲组与放牧组,舍饲组于广汉农区(海拔:600 m)进行全舍饲育肥,放牧组于红原县牦牛科技园区(海拔:3500 m)按传统模式天然放牧,试验期150 d。结果表明,舍饲牦牛增重极显著高于放牧组(P<0.01),其胴体重、净肉重、屠宰率和净肉率极显著高于放牧组(P<0.01)。舍饲组背最长肌食用品质显著改善:亮度(L*)显著高于放牧组(P<0.05),熟肉率和肌内脂肪(IMF)含量显著高于放牧组(P<0.05),剪切力显著低于放牧组(P<0.05);舍饲组背最长肌营养品质显著改善:粗脂肪(EE)含量极显著高于放牧组(P<0.01)。舍饲组棕榈酸(C16:0)、硬脂酸(C18:0)含量极显著高于放牧组(P<0.01);饱和脂肪酸(SFA)、多不饱和脂肪酸(PUFA)和反式脂肪酸(TFA)含量均显著高于放牧组(P<0.05)。鲜味氨基酸(FAA)显著高于放牧组(P<0.05)。血清指标分析结果显示,舍饲组血清中血糖(GLU)显著高于放牧组(P<0.05),甘油三酯(TG)、总胆固醇(TC)的含量极显著高于放牧组(P<0.01),β-羟基丁酸(BHBA)含量极显著低于放牧组(P<0.01);乙酰辅酶A羧化酶(ACC)活性极显著高于放牧组(P<0.01),脂肪酸合成酶(FAS)活性显著高于放牧组(P<0.05);激素敏感性脂肪酶(HSL)活性显著低于放牧组(P<0.05)。由此可见,通过冷季低海拔舍饲可达到牦牛生长肥育的效果;可激活牦牛血清中脂沉积相关酶活性,促进肌肉中脂肪的合成与沉积,改善牦牛肉食用品质及营养品质。 相似文献
2.
绵羊牧食行为对限时放牧加补饲制度的响应 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
《畜牧兽医学报》2015,(11)
旨在分析绵羊牧食行为对限时放牧加补饲制度的响应过程。本研究选择30只乌珠穆沁去势公羔,按照同质原则随机分成5个处理组:舍饲组(0H,对照),放牧2h组(2H)、放牧4h组(4H)、放牧8h组(8H)、放牧12h组(12H)。再从每组挑选2只,由2个观察者采用直接观察法观察各组羔羊的日常行为活动,分别在7、8、9月每月前10d(观察期)各观察1次,每次每只连续观察2d,每天观察15h,从早06:00开始至晚21:00结束。结果表明:(1)限时放牧加补饲显著影响羔羊的行为模式。随放牧时间的减少,羔羊采食时间所占比例显著增加(P0.001),而休息时间、行走时间和行走距离显著减少(P0.001),其中,2H、4H组在允许放牧时间内没有休息时间。(2)限时放牧处理显著影响羔羊的咀嚼频率(P=0.003)。舍饲组最低,2H组次之,4H、8H、12H组最高;2H、4H组的采食频率(+3.6、+1.8口·min-1)有高于12H组的趋势(51口·min-1;P=0.067)。(3)放牧季节显著影响羔羊的行为活动。7月份各处理组的采食时间显著(P0.001)多于8、9月份;7~9月份8H、12H组的行走距离显著减少(P0.001),而2H、4H组无明显差异;随着放牧季节的变迁,各处理组的采食频率递减(P0.001)而咀嚼频率递增(P0.001)。本研究结果表明,绵羊对限时放牧加补饲制度的响应是通过提高放牧效率来实现,也即提高采食效率和反刍效率,减少休息时间和游走时间,以补偿放牧时间的减少。 相似文献
3.
本研究旨在阐明在极端寒冷缺氧的西藏羌塘高原,放牧和舍饲2种饲养方式对西藏山羊背最长肌肉品质、抗氧化指标及脂肪酸含量的影响。将同一时间出生的50只、平均初生重23 kg的雄性羔羊平均分配到完全放牧组和舍饲组饲养1年,每组25只。每组随机挑选5只西藏山羊屠宰,采集背最长肌分析肉品质、抗氧化指标及脂肪酸含量。结果表明:舍饲组屠宰重(21.84 kg)极显著高于放牧组(14.71 kg);舍饲组山羊的肌间脂肪含量高于放牧组(P<0.01),粗蛋白质含量无显著差异;放牧组西藏山羊肌肉的pH和剪切力低于舍饲组(P<0.05),熟肉率和失水率高于舍饲组(P<0.05);放牧组肌肉中豆蔻酸(C14:0)、棕榈酸(C16:0)、十六碳烯酸甘油三酯(C16:1 n9)、油酸(C18:110c)和油酸(C18:112c)低于舍饲组(P<0.05),支链豆蔻酸(C14:0 iso)、十四碳烯酸(C14:1)和共轭亚油酸(9c,13t CLA)含量高于舍饲组(P<0.05)。综上所述,2种不同的饲养系统不会引起动物屠宰后肌肉内的氧化反应差异,放牧条件下西藏山羊肌肉中多不饱和脂肪酸(PUFA)含量增加,从而提高羊肉的营养价值。 相似文献
4.
日粮添加多不饱和脂肪酸对肉仔鸡抗氧化指标的影响 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
本试验通过观察日粮中添加多不饱和脂肪酸(PUFA)与肉仔鸡抗氧化酶活性及过氧化产物的量的关系,研究PUFA对肉仔鸡抗氧化能力的影响.试验包括3个单因子试验,3个处理组日粮为玉米豆粕型日粮,分别添加4.5%的禽脂、玉米油和鱼油,每个处理组6个重复,每个重复10只鸡.21日龄和42日龄分别检测脾脏、肠道抗氧化酶(谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT))活性和脂质过氧化产物(丙二醛,MDA)水平.综合本试验检测的抗氧化指标(GSH-Px、SOD、CAT和MDA)可知,日粮中添加鱼油和玉米油的肉仔鸡抗氧化酶活性较对照组均有不同程度的提高,而机体脂质过氧化产物(MDA)与对照组比较无显著性差异.这表明虽然添加PUFA易使机体发生过氧化反应,但由于机体抗氧化酶系(GSH-Px、SOD、CAT)功能的增强,可以抵消PUFA过氧化的不良作用.但是肉仔鸡抗氧化酶系功能的增强可能是PUFA具有直接调控机体抗氧化酶的作用,也可能是机体过氧化产物的反馈作用导致其功能代偿性增强.添加PUFA,脾脏CAT和SOD增强主要发生在21日龄;肠道CAT和SOD活性增强则主要发生在42日龄.由此可知,日粮中添加PUFA对肉仔鸡抗氧化酶活性的影响因生长阶段不同而存在组织器官特异性. 相似文献
5.
本试验将30头产奶量、胎次、泌乳天数相近的荷斯坦奶牛随机分为2组,每组15头,分别按有机舍饲和有机放牧方式饲养,测定牛奶脂肪酸组成成分。研究结果表明,有机放牧组的反10,顺12-C18:2共轭亚油酸(CLA)含量显著高于有机舍饲组(P0.05);有机放牧组饱和脂肪酸中棕榈酸C16:0含量(P0.05)、木蜡酸C24:0含量(P0.05)均显著高于有机舍饲组,但有机放牧组牛奶中的硬脂酸C18:0含量显著低于有机舍饲组(P0.05);有机放牧组牛奶中单不饱和脂肪酸肉豆蔻油酸C14:1含量(P0.01)和神经酸C24:1含量(P0.01)极显著高于有机舍饲组,有机放牧组ω-3PUFA/ω-6 PUFA比值显著高于有机舍饲组(P0.05)。 相似文献
6.
低温弱光胁迫下芸豆叶片光抑制与类囊体膜脂构成变化 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
以对低温弱光敏感性有差异的两个红芸豆品种为材料,研究了低温弱光胁迫处理及恢复过程中幼苗叶片的叶绿素含量、荧光参数和类囊体膜脂肪酸组成的变化。结果表明:与对照相比,随胁迫时间延长,叶片中Chl a、Chl b和Chl(a+b)含量降低(P<0.05);Fv/Fm、Fv'/Fm'、qP、ΦPSⅡ和ETR下降(P<0.05),Chl a/b和NPQ上升(P<0.05);类囊体膜脂MGDG、DGDG和SQDG中的亚麻酸(C18:3)含量显著降低(P<0.05),棕榈酸(C16:0)含量显著升高(P<0.05),PG中的棕榈酸(C16:0)和反式十六碳-烯酸[C16:1(3t)]含量降低(P<0.05),而亚麻酸(C18:3)和亚油酸(C18:2)含量升高(P<0.05),在叶片抵御低温弱光胁迫过程中维持一定的膜脂不饱和度的重要作用。随胁迫时间延长,类囊体膜总饱和脂肪酸(SFA)含量升高,多不饱和脂肪酸(PUFA)含量以及膜脂不饱和度(U/S)显著降低,恢复期则相反。在胁迫处理和恢复期,“英大红”和“小红芸豆”的U/S变化差异不明显,PUFA含量变化差异显著(P<0.05),且与Fv/Fm的相关性分别达到86.21%和83.92%,表明低温弱光处理及恢复过程中,光抑制后PSⅡ功能的修复与PUFA含量增加存在一定关系。因此,低温弱光胁迫下“英大红”光抑制程度较“小红芸豆”轻,可能是较高含量的PUFA增加了类囊体膜的不饱和度,维持膜的稳定性,减轻了光抑制。 相似文献
7.
试验旨在研究自制的复方中草药添加剂对泌乳奶牛免疫机能与泌乳性能的影响。试验采用4×4拉丁方设计。选择4头胎次、泌乳天数、体重均相近的健康荷斯坦奶牛,分为4组,其中A组为对照组,饲喂基础饲粮,B、C、D组分别在基础饲粮中添加30、50和80 g/d复方中草药。试验分4期进行,每期28 d(预试期7 d,正试期14 d,排空期7 d)。结果显示:1)添加复方中草药显著增加了白细胞数、嗜中性细胞百分比及血小板数(P<0.05);但对血液生化指标无显著影响(P>0.05)。2)添加复方中草药显著降低了丙二醛(MDA)含量(P<0.05);与对照组相比,添加30 g/d复方中草药显著增加了血清免疫球蛋白M(IgM)及超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)活力(P<0.05)。3)复方中草药添加剂可以增加血清生长激素(GH)和催乳素(PRL)含量,且添加30 g/d时显著增加(P<0.05)。4)与对照组相比,日粮添加30、50和80 g/d可以使产奶量分别增加10.18%、6.79%和5.19%,但是对产奶量、乳成分及体细胞数的影响均不显著(P>0.05)。试验结果表明,复方中草药添加剂可以调节奶牛机体免疫性能和提高抗氧化能力,且每头牛添加30 g/d时效果最佳。但其对奶牛泌乳性能无显著影响。 相似文献
8.
本试验旨在明确不同饲养模式对扬州鹅肌肉脂肪酸含量的影响。以扬州鹅为试验材料,利用冬闲地套播黑麦草与苕子(黑麦草:苕子=1:3),牧草养鹅,将360只28日龄体重大小基本一致的雏鹅随机分为全程放牧、全程放牧+后期补饲1周、全程放牧+全程补饲、全程舍饲4个处理组,每组3个重复,每个重复30只。试验期6周。结果表明:不同饲养模式对扬州鹅的胸肌率无显著影响(P0.05),但放牧可显著降低肌内脂肪含量(P0.05);与全程舍饲组相比,全程放牧组、全程放牧+全程补饲组胸肌中硬脂酸、亚麻酸、花生酸等指标均显著提高(P0.05),腿肌中亚油酸、亚麻酸均显著提高(P0.05),棕榈酸、油酸、DHA含量显著下降(P0.05)。全程放牧组鹅胸、腿肌中多不饱和脂肪酸(PUFA)、ω-3脂肪酸含量和ω-6脂肪酸含量显著高于全程舍饲组(P0.05)。因此,肉鹅在全程放牧或全程放牧+全程补饲饲养条件下,不仅降低肌肉脂肪含量,还可改变肌肉脂肪酸含量组成,提高鹅肉亚油酸、多不饱和脂肪酸等含量,有利于满足人类健康消费的需求。 相似文献
9.
围封对内蒙古典型草原群落特征及土壤性状的影响 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
围封作为退化草原恢复与重建的重要措施之一,已被广泛应用于我国草原生态恢复工程中。为科学评价围封对退化草原的恢复效果,在内蒙古典型草原,选择围封及其对应的围栏外自由放牧草原,采用野外样方调查与室内分析相结合的方法,分析了围封对群落植物种组成、功能群组成、物种多样性、地上生物量及土壤有机碳和全氮的影响。结果表明,围封处理中植物种类(22种)多于自由放牧处理(17种),群落多样性指数(H)、丰富度指数(Pa)、均匀度指数(JP)和地上生物量在围封和自由放牧处理间无显著差异(P>0.05)。灌木、半灌木和多年生杂类草的重要值、物种所占比例、地上生物量和3种多样性指数(H、Pa和JP)在围封处理中显著大于自由放牧处理(P<0.05);多年生禾草仅地上生物量在围封处理中高于自由放牧(P<0.05);一、二年生草本的重要值、物种所占比例、地上生物量和3种多样性指数在围封处理中显著小于自由放牧处理(P<0.05)。生态类型功能群物种所占比例和地上生物量在围封和自由放牧处理间无显著差异(P>0.05)。土壤有机碳和全氮含量在两种处理间未达到显著差异(P>0.05),但都随土层深度的增加呈现显著下降的趋势(P<0.05),围封处理下降幅度小于自由放牧处理。 相似文献
10.
《草业学报》2020,(5)
牦牛低海拔舍饲是解决藏区草畜矛盾的重要手段,同时也能促进冷季牦牛生长发育,改善牦牛肉品质。旨在探讨低海拔区域开展牦牛舍饲模式对牦牛生长发育、屠宰性能、肌肉品质以及血清指标的影响,初步探索低海拔舍饲影响牦牛肌肉品质的可能因素。选用10头36月龄体重、体况相近的健康公牦牛,随机均分为舍饲组与放牧组,舍饲组于广汉农区(海拔:600 m)进行全舍饲育肥,放牧组于红原县牦牛科技园区(海拔:3500 m)按传统模式天然放牧,试验期150 d。结果表明,舍饲牦牛增重极显著高于放牧组(P0.01),其胴体重、净肉重、屠宰率和净肉率极显著高于放牧组(P0.01)。舍饲组背最长肌食用品质显著改善:亮度(L~*)显著高于放牧组(P0.05),熟肉率和肌内脂肪(IMF)含量显著高于放牧组(P0.05),剪切力显著低于放牧组(P0.05);舍饲组背最长肌营养品质显著改善:粗脂肪(EE)含量极显著高于放牧组(P0.01)。舍饲组棕榈酸(C16:0)、硬脂酸(C18:0)含量极显著高于放牧组(P0.01);饱和脂肪酸(SFA)、多不饱和脂肪酸(PUFA)和反式脂肪酸(TFA)含量均显著高于放牧组(P0.05)。鲜味氨基酸(FAA)显著高于放牧组(P0.05)。血清指标分析结果显示,舍饲组血清中血糖(GLU)显著高于放牧组(P0.05),甘油三酯(TG)、总胆固醇(TC)的含量极显著高于放牧组(P0.01),β-羟基丁酸(BHBA)含量极显著低于放牧组(P0.01);乙酰辅酶A羧化酶(ACC)活性极显著高于放牧组(P0.01),脂肪酸合成酶(FAS)活性显著高于放牧组(P0.05);激素敏感性脂肪酶(HSL)活性显著低于放牧组(P0.05)。由此可见,通过冷季低海拔舍饲可达到牦牛生长肥育的效果;可激活牦牛血清中脂沉积相关酶活性,促进肌肉中脂肪的合成与沉积,改善牦牛肉食用品质及营养品质。 相似文献
11.
Maria A. Gallardo Dirk Dannenberger Jordana Rivero Ruben Pulido Karin Nuernberg 《Animal Science Journal》2014,85(11):935-941
There is no information about the effect of different pasture types on tissue fatty acid profiles of a native rustic lamb breed of the Chiloe Archipelago, the Chilota. Eight Chilota lambs were grazed on a ‘Calafatal’ pasture (CP), a typical secondary succession of Chiloé Archipelago (Chile) and eight Chilota lambs were located to graze on naturalized pasture (NP) of Chiloé. Botanical, chemical and lipid composition of the two types of pastures and of different lamb tissues (muscle, subcutaneous – and tail adipose tissues) and plasma were performed. Both pasture types induced high n‐3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) and CLAcis‐9,trans‐11 proportions in Chilota meat. Thus, in muscle, Chilota lambs grazing CP showed higher sum PUFA, sum n‐6 PUFA proportion and n‐6/n‐3 PUFA ratio compared with Chilota lambs grazing NP. In tail fats of Chilota lambs grazing CP significantly higher proportions of 18:3n‐3, sum saturated fatty acids, sum PUFA, n‐3 and n‐6 PUFA were detected compared with Chilota lambs grazing NP. Feeding of different pasture types (CP vs. NP) caused significant differences in fatty acid composition of muscle and the two fat depots in Chilota lambs, but also point to tissue‐specific responses of de novo synthesized fatty acid deposition in the tissues. 相似文献
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Recent studies in New Zealand and the UK have shown that certain forages reduce parasitic infection in sheep. The aim of this experiment was to investigate the effects of legume forages compared to ryegrass on interactions between production, nutritional status and nematodes in grazing lambs. Twenty-four male lambs per forage treatment, half of which were treated with anthelmintics on Day 0, grazed monocultures of lucerne (Medicago sativa), red clover (Trifolium pratense) and white clover (Trifolium repens) and were compared with lambs grazing perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne). Individual faecal egg counts (FEC) and liveweight were determined every 7 days for 56 days, after which half the lambs were slaughtered to determine total nematode intensities (TNI). Results showed that lambs grazed on red or white clover, but not lucerne, had lower pooled mean FEC and improved liveweight performance compared to lambs grazing ryegrass. Lambs treated with anthelmintics had higher TNI compared to lambs not treated, due to a trend for more adult nematodes in lambs grazing lucerne and treated with anthelmintics than all other lambs, except those grazing red clover and also given anthelmintics. Lambs grazing white clover tended to have fewer adult nematodes than lambs grazing other forages. Examination of the nematode species showed a change in female T. circumcincta occurred in all lambs following anthelmintic treatment and that the forage species grazed by lambs affected individual parasite species. Lambs grazing white clover had fewer male and adult T. circumcincta compared to lambs grazing other forages, and lambs grazing lucerne had fewer adult T. circumcincta compared to lambs grazing ryegrass or red clover. Data on small intestine TNI showed that lambs grazing lucerne and given anthelmintics had more male adult nematodes than other lambs, except those grazing red clover and treated with anthelmintics. Results indicate that lucerne and red clover both increase the re-infection of grazing lambs with Trichostrongylus species compared to ryegrass following anthelmintic treatment. In conclusion, legume forages have the potential to contribute to the control of abomasal but not small intestine nematode parasites in finishing lamb systems. 相似文献
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Despite the widespread adoption of clean grazing systems in lowland sheep flocks, detailed parasitological investigations had not previously been carried out on such flocks. A trial was therefore conducted on two commercial flocks: a traditional permanent pasture flock (A) and one operating a system of clean grazing (B), and on an East of Scotland College flock (C) which had operated a clean grazing system for eight years. Ewe and lamb worm egg output, pasture larval levels and lamb liveweight gains were monitored and tracer lambs were grazed during July and August on each farm. Under clean grazing conditions on farm C all parasitological parameters were lower than on both commercial farms. However, in the commercial flocks comparable contamination was evident from midsummer onwards and tracer lambs grazed during August on farm B had significantly greater worm burdens than on the other two farms. The differences observed between the flocks were thought to be due to greater residual contamination by overwintered larvae in both commercial flocks while the higher worm burdens in August on farm B probably resulted partly from incomplete control of the periparturient rise in ewe faecal egg output and partly to autoinfection of the lamb crop. It was concluded that farm C grazing was the cleanest. Considerable contamination was present on farm A while farm B occupied an intermediate position which resulted in considerable worm burdens in lambs grazing during the latter part of the season. 相似文献
14.
Avilés-Nova F Espinoza-Ortega A Castelán-Ortega OA Arriaga-Jordán CM 《Tropical animal health and production》2008,40(7):509-515
Liveweight gain was evaluated in tropical Dorper X Pelibuey lambs under intensive continuous grazing of native grasslands dominated by Paspalum notatum (PN) or Axonopus compressus (AC) in the subtropics of Central Mexico. Two trials were undertaken. Trial 1 lasted 12 weeks with 10 lambs (initial weight 18 +/- 2.57 kg, 3 months old) per treatment in 2002, and Trial 2 for 13 weeks with 8 lambs (initial weight 24.0 +/- 2.0 kg, 4 months old) per treatment. Lambs were weighed once per week, and liveweight change was estimated by linear regression over day of the experiment, using individual regression coefficients as unbiased estimates of daily liveweight change; analysed in a random block design. Lambs on Trial 1 gained 0.061 kg/lamb/day on PN and 0.047 kg/lamb/day on AC (P > 0.05) at an overall mean stocking rate of 25 lambs/ha. In Trial 2, liveweight gain was significantly larger in PN (0.060 kg/lamb/day) than on AC (0.043 kg/lamb/day) (P < 0.05), at a mean stocking rate of 21.5 lambs/ha. It is concluded that intensive continuous grazing of native grasslands in the subtropics of the highlands of Central Mexico enables moderate liveweight gains for weaned lambs during the rainy season; with better results in grasslands dominated by Paspalum notatum. 相似文献
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16.
为了研究断奶前补饲不同直/支链淀粉比开食料对羔羊瘤胃上皮发育的影响,选取24只体况良好、胎次一致、体重相近的10日龄羔羊(湖羊),将其随机分为3组,在饲喂相同母乳的基础上,分别补饲以纯木薯(CS)、玉米(MS)和豌豆淀粉(PS)(直/支链淀粉比分别约为0.11,0.27和0.44)为唯一淀粉来源的开食料。试验期间,每天4:00-19:00将羔羊抱入补饲栏补饲不同直/支链淀粉比的开食料,并且在6:30, 10:30和15:30将羔羊抱回母羊舍哺乳1 h。羔羊自由饮水,单栏饲喂,自由采食燕麦干草。56日龄时屠宰采样,采集瘤胃组织样品制作石蜡切片进行瘤胃乳头形态测定,采集瘤胃上皮样品提取RNA测定相关基因表达。结果表明:CS组羔羊瘤胃乳头长度和表面积显著(P<0.001)高于MS和PS组,CS和MS组羔羊瘤胃乳头宽度显著(P=0.001)高于PS组。对瘤胃上皮各层厚度统计显示,CS和PS组羔羊瘤胃上皮角质层厚度显著(P=0.001)高于MS组;CS和MS组羔羊瘤胃上皮颗粒层厚度显著高于(P<0.001)PS组;CS组羔羊瘤胃上皮棘基层厚度和总厚度显著(P<0.001)高于MS和PS组。qRT-PCR结果显示:不同直/支链淀粉比开食料显著影响羔羊瘤胃上皮CDK2和CDK6的mRNA表达量(CS>MS>PS, P<0.001);CS组羔羊瘤胃上皮细胞cyclin A和CDK4的mRNA表达量显著(P<0.05)高于PS组,但与MS组无显著差异;CS组羔羊瘤胃上皮cyclin D1的mRNA表达量显著(P=0.012)低于PS组,但与MS组无显著差异。CS组羔羊瘤胃上皮类胰岛素生长因子-1(insulin like growth factor,IGF-1)的mRNA表达量显著(P<0.001)高于MS和PS组,CS和MS组羔羊瘤胃上皮IGF-1R的mRNA表达量显著(P=0.001)高于PS组。上述结果表明:较高支链淀粉比开食料与较高直链淀粉比开食料相比,在瘤胃中较易降解生成挥发性脂肪酸,促进瘤胃上皮IGF-1及细胞周期蛋白mRNA的表达,进而有利于断奶前羔羊瘤胃上皮的发育。研究结果对制订羔羊营养方案具有重要指导意义。 相似文献
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Because of a high prevalence of anthelmintic resistance and consumer demand for chemical free meat products, management tools to minimize the need for deworming are needed. The objective was to examine the effectiveness of grazing sericea lespedeza (SL) in a mixed grass or a pure forage system for control of gastrointestinal nematodes (GIN); in other words pasture systems included grass, grass plus SL, or SL alone (Experiments 2 and 3). Selective use of copper oxide wire particles (COWP) based on the FAMACHA(?) system was used to aid in GIN control. In Experiment 1, lambs co-grazed bermudagrass (BG; n=21) or SL in a mixed grass pasture (SLM; n=22) with dams for 14 days. In Experiment 2, lambs grazed BG (n=14), SLM (n=13), or pure SL (SLP; n=13) pastures for 56 days. In Experiment 3, doe kids grazed BG (n=12), SLM (n=13), or SLP (n=13) for 84 days. Animals were fed a 16% crude protein supplement based on NRC requirements and estimated forage quality of pastures, so that 454, 389, and 200 g/lamb (Experiment 2), or 454, 300, and 150 g of supplement/goat (Experiment 3) was fed to BG, SLM, and SLP, respectively. Animals were dewormed with COWP if FAMACHA(?) was >3. Coprocultures were conducted to identify GIN genus. In Experiment 1, FEC were reduced in lambs grazing SLM compared with BG pastures. In Experiment 2, FEC were reduced in SLP compared with BG lambs on all days, and reduced in SLM compared with BG lambs on day 56. Initially, Haemonchus contortus was the predominant nematode, but the population shifted to other species in the SL groups by the end of the study. The mean number of dewormings/lamb was 0.71, 0.20, and 0.21±0.13 for BG, SLM, and SLP groups, respectively. In goats in Experiment 3, Trichostrongylus spp. was the predominant nematode in May and June and H. contortus in July. There was little meaningful effect of forage treatments on GIN infection in kids. Because H. contortus was not the predominant nematode in kids, the integrated approaches used may not have been effective in controlling GIN. Grazing SL was effective for GIN control in lambs in early summer, but the effect was delayed in lambs grazing a mixed SL/grass pasture unless lambs initially grazed with dams. An integrated approach used that included SL grazing and COWP for deworming was effective in lambs. 相似文献
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本研究旨在探讨紫花苜蓿（Medicago sativa L.）混播草地放牧利用的生产潜力和集成全草型集约化肉羊放牧育肥技术模式。2017-2018年，在位于河北省廊坊市的中国农业科学院国际农业高新技术产业园内开展了2年羔羊育肥的划区轮牧试验，研究了紫花苜蓿混播草地的地上生物量、育肥羊增重以及羊肉品质的变化规律。结果表明：混播草地地上生物量超过11.2 tDM·hm-2，5月份紫花苜蓿混播草地的粗蛋白为20.92%，每公顷紫花苜蓿混播草地可满足51只育肥羊、放牧育肥150天，每只增重30 kg所需的干物质、代谢能和粗蛋白三个方面的全部需求。与此同时，紫花苜蓿混播草地还可以显著增加羊肉中欧米伽3型多不饱和脂肪酸的含量，n-6/n-3比例为2.72，羊肉健康品质显著提高。以紫花苜蓿混播草地为基础的全草型肉羊放牧育肥技术具有广阔的应用前景，对我国苜蓿产业以及草地畜牧业发展具有重要意义。 相似文献
19.
研究冬春季暖棚舍饲对母羊体重损失及产羔性能的影响。试验分别于2011、2012和2013年冬春季在内蒙古锡林郭勒盟太仆寺旗进行,在当地选用2户临近牧户,每户挑选120只母羊,随机分为2组,分别为传统棚+放牧组(TS,对照)、改造暖棚+舍饲组(WS)。参试母羊夏秋季白天自由放牧,晚上归牧后圈在传统棚内;到冬春季TS组饲养方式不变,WS组舍饲在简易改造暖棚。整个试验期间,2组母羊及其羔羊的补饲饲料组成及饲喂量相同。试验结果表明,WS组母羊体重较TS组高1.6 kg(P=0.004),体重损失较之少22 g/d(P=0.005);母羊体重损失在12-1月份最严重,但经第一年(2011)饲养损失程度显著缓解(P<0.001),体重损失随棚圈积温升高而减少。TS组的年均产羔数、羔羊体重及其日增重均显著低于WS组(P=0.020;P=0.0005;P=0.0001),初生重及日增重随着饲养年份的延后而增加(P<0.001);产羔率、羔羊存活率和双羔率随棚圈积温的升高而增大。以上结果表明,冬春季暖棚舍饲可显著减少母羊越冬体重损失,并提高产羔力,进而提高家庭牧场收入,保护退化草场。更重要的是,冷季舍饲有助于改变牧民的传统养殖观念,从“生存观”转向“生产观”。建议,西北牧区冷季绵羊圈舍适宜积温应高于-40 ℃·d或基本温度高于2 ℃。 相似文献