共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 234 毫秒
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小麦是全球最重要的粮食作物之一,干旱是影响其生长发育最重要的非生物胁迫因子。根系作为作物获取水分和养分的重要器官,直接决定了作物对土壤水分的利用效率。近年来,越来越多的研究表明,根系构型在植物干旱胁迫响应中发挥了重要功能。本文综述了目前根系构型在调控小麦抗旱性方面的研究进展。首先概述了根向性生长,特别是根向重力性生长对植物根系结构的塑造作用,重点总结了目前挖掘到参与根系向重力性生长的相关基因及其分子调控机制,并阐述了根向性生长调控的根系构型是如何介导小麦对干旱胁迫的适应。除了根向性生长,根系的发育过程也参与了对植物根系构型的调控,并决定植物对干旱胁迫的适应能力,因此,本文进一步综述了在干旱胁迫条件下小麦如何通过调控根系发育来改变根系形态,包括增加根长、调控侧根数量和根毛密度等,来增强小麦对土壤水分的吸收和对干旱环境的适应;同时,系统总结了干旱胁迫条件下参与调控作物（尤其是小麦）根系发育的相关基因。此外,根系作为植物地下部分,其构型的解析一直是本领域研究难点,阻碍了对根系结构与植物耐旱性关系的进一步解析,因此,本文也归纳了目前可用于小麦根系二维结构和三维结构表型分析的技术。这些技术可测量... 相似文献
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[目的]研究内源激素与地被菊(Dendranthema morifolium cv.‘Yuhuajinhua’)匍匐生长特性形成的关系,为进一步揭示地被菊匍匐生长特性的形成提供激素生理学依据。[方法]以匍匐型地被菊雨花金华为试材,采用ELISA法,测定了植株匍匐生长前后各节间茎及其匍匐茎向重性反应过程中内源激素的含量和分布。[结果]内源激素在雨花金华茎负向重力侧和正向重力侧中分布具有不均匀性,且这种分布梯度在植株匍匐生长前后发生了明显改变。匍匐生长前,第3节间(发生弯曲生长的部位)负向重力侧中IAA含量显著高于正向重力侧,为正向重力侧的1.6倍;匍匐生长后,二者无显著差异。GA3在匍匐生长前茎的负向重力侧和正向重力侧中含量无显著差异,匍匐生长后,茎负向重力侧中的含量显著低于正向重力侧。而iPAs的分布在匍匐生长前后无明显变化。重力处理3 h后,匍匐茎发生明显向重性弯曲之前,IAA、GA3和iPAs的分布梯度均显著高于重力处理之前,分别是正向重力侧的1.8、1.3和1.8倍。随着重力处理的延长,其分布差异逐渐降低。由此推测,内源激素在雨花金华茎中的不对称分布与其匍匐生长特性的形成有着密切关系,很可能是茎生长到6～7个节位大小时,感受重力刺激后,内源激素在茎的向重性反应部位(顶芽下第3节间)形成了一定的分布梯度,更多的IAA和GA3分布在茎的负向重力侧,从而使茎负向重力侧生长快于正向重力侧,导致茎发生横向重性弯曲生长;当茎弯曲生长后,茎的负向重力侧和正向重力侧中的激素分布梯度差异减小,使得茎得以保持匍匐生长。[结论]生长素的含量和分布对植物株型建成具有重要作用。 相似文献
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根区温度对作物生长和生理代谢的影响综述 总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10
根系不仅是植物吸收、运输水分和养分的主要器官，还进行着许多复杂的生物化学反应，合成多种生物活性物质来调节植物的生长发育。根系还可以感受、识别根区的逆境信号，并向地上部转导，从而遥控地上部的生长发育。温度是影响根系生理功能的重要因素，而且植物对根区温度比地上部温度更敏感。根区温度对作物的生长和生理代谢影响很大，综述了不同根区温度对作物的生长、光合作用、产量及水分、矿质离子和激素代谢等的影响，并提出了一些存在的问题。 相似文献
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土壤逆境下植物根系分泌的有机酸及其对植物生态适应性的影响(英文) 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
以养分和水分胁迫为例,探讨土壤逆境下植物根系有机酸的分泌状况,以及有机酸对植物生态适应性的影响,从而为提高植物对多种逆境条件的适应能力提供理论依据。结果发现在养分和水分胁迫下,植物根系分泌的有机酸含量明显增加,这是较为普遍的主动适应性反应。有机酸能提高植物体内多种抗氧化酶的活性、渗透调节物质含量、叶绿素含量和光合作用水平,促进植物体内某些养分的吸收和运输,最终有利于植物的生长和生物量积累,减轻逆境条件对植物的毒害,提高植物的抗逆性和适应力。 相似文献
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超重处理对水稻种子发芽和苗期生理的影响 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
[目的]研究超重处理对水稻种子和苗期生理的影响。[方法]以水稻(Ⅱ优2070)为材料,以2000、3000、4000和5000 g的超重力对种子分别处理1、2、3和4 h后,进行沙培。观察其出苗时间、出苗率、性状表现,并测定幼苗叶绿素含量和根系活力。[结果]结果表明,超重处理后,水稻发芽率(Gr)和发芽指数(Gi)随处理条件变化有不同程度的降低。苗期水稻植株变矮,根系变短且发达。幼苗叶绿素含量增加,而根系活力随重力降低。[结论]超重处理可以影响水稻幼苗的生长,处理时间以及重力加速度是影响其生长的重要因素,适当的超重处理可以促进植物生长。 相似文献
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Arabidopsis Phytochrome D Is Involved in Red Light-Induced Negative Gravitropism of Hypocotyles 
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下载免费PDF全文 LI Jian-ping ;HOU Pei ;ZHENG Xu ;SONG Mei-fang ;SU Liang ;YANG Jian-ping 《农业科学学报》2014,13(8):1634-1639
The phytochrome gene family, which is in Arabidopsis thaliana, consists of phytochromes A-E（phyA to phyE）, regulates plant responses to ambient light environments. PhyA and phyB have been characterized in detail, but studies on phyC to phyE have reported discrepant functions. In this study, we show that phyD regulates the Arabidopsis gravitropic response by inhibiting negative gravitropism of hypocotyls under red light condition. PhyD had only a limited effect on the gravitropic response of roots in red light condition. PhyD also enhanced phyB-regulated gravitropic responses in hypocotyls. Moreover, the regulation of hypocotyl gravitropic responses by phyD was dependent upon the red light fluence rate. 相似文献
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Reversible loss of gravitropic sensitivity in maize roots after tip application of calcium chelators
The application of calcium chelating agents (EDTA or EGTA) to the tips of maize roots caused a loss of gravitropic sensitivity. When the chelator was replaced with calcium chloride, gravitropic sensitivity was restored. Asymmetric application of calcium chloride near the tip of a vertical root caused curvature toward the calcium source. When the calcium was applied to the upper surface of the tip of a root oriented horizontally, the root curved upward even though control roots exhibited strong downward curvature. Application of calcium chloride to the tips of decapped roots, which are known to be gravitropically insensitive, did not restore gravitropic sensitivity. However, asymmetric application of calcium chloride near the tips of decapped roots caused curvature toward the calcium source. Calcium may play a key role in linking gravity detection to gravitropic curvature in roots. 相似文献
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Plant roots grow in the direction of increasing soil moisture, but studies of hydrotropism have always been difficult to interpret because of the effect of gravity. In this study it was found that roots of the mutant pea ;Ageotropum' are neither gravitropic nor phototropic, but do respond tropically to a moisture gradient, making them an ideal subject for the study of hydrotropism. When the root caps were removed, elongation was not affected but hydrotropism was blocked, suggesting that the site of sensory perception resides in the root cap. 相似文献
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油菜素甾醇(brassinosteroids,BRs)是20世纪后期发现的一类新型植物激素,参与调控植物生长发育的诸多方面,其中对植物根系发育过程具有重要的调控作用.油菜素内酯(brassinolide,BL)是最先确定结构的高活性BR.首先介绍了BR的发现、BR调控根系生长信号通路的进展,进一步阐述了BR通路转录因子... 相似文献
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The importance of zinc （Zn） as a micronutrient essential for plant growth and development is becoming increasingly apparent. Much of the world’s soil is Zn-deficient, and soil-based Zn deficiency is often accompanied by Zn deficiency in human populations. MicroRNAs （miRNAs） play important roles in the regulation of plant gene expression at the level of translation. Many miRNAs involved in the modulation of heavy metal toxicity responses in plants have been identiifed;however, the role of miRNAs in the plant Zn deifciency response is almost completely unknown. Using high-throughput Solexa sequencing, we identiifed several miRNAs that respond to Zn deifciency in Brassica juncea roots. At least 21 conserved candidate miRNA families, and 101 individual members within those families, were identiifed in both the control and the Zn-deifcient B. juncea roots. Among this, 15 miRNAs from 9 miRNA families were differentially expressed in the control and Zn-deifcient plants. Of the 15 differentially expressed miRNAs, 13 were up-regulated in the Zn-deifcient B. juncea roots, and only two, miR399b and miR845a, were down-regulated. Bioinformatics analysis indicated that these miRNAs were involved in modulating phytohormone response, plant growth and development, and abiotic stress responses in B. juncea roots. These data help to lay the foundation for further understanding of miRNA function in the regulation of the plant Zn deifciency response and its impact on plant growth and development. 相似文献
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ZHOU Zheng-chao SHANGGUAN Zhou-ping 《中国农业科学(英文版)》2006,5(3):161-168
Plant roots dynamics responses to elevated atmospheric CO2 concentration, increased temperature and changed precipitation can be a key link between plant growth and long-term changes in soil organic matter and ecosystem carbon balance. This paper reviews some experiments and hypotheses developed in this area, which mainly include plant fine roots growth, root turnover, root respiration and other root dynamics responses to elevated CO2 and global climate change. Some recent new methods of studying root systems were also discussed and summarized. It holds herein that the assemblage of information about root turnover patterns, root respiration and other dynamic responses to elevated atmospheric CO2 and global climatic change can help to better understand and explore some new research areas. In this paper, some research challenges in the plant root responses to the elevated CO2 and other environmental factors during global climate change were also demonstrated. 相似文献
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供氮浓度对水稻根系生长的影响 总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9
在水培条件下 ,设计 0、1 4、2 8、42 mg/kg4个供氮浓度 ,研究其对扬稻 6号不同生育时期、生育阶段根系生长的影响。结果表明 :1依对氮素反应而言 ,根系性状可分为 3大类 :第 1类为随供氮浓度的提高而增加的性状 ,如每株不定根数 ;第 2类为随供氮浓度的提高而显著下降的性状 ,包括每条不定根长、不定根粗、不定根重和单位长度不定根重等 ;第 3类根系性状 ,在一定的氮素供应范围内 ,其生长量随供氮浓度的提高而增加 ,但供氮浓度进一步增加其增幅变小 ,如每株根干重和不定根总长度。2抽穗期根系性状中 ,每株不定根数主要取决于无效分蘖期 ,其次是有效分蘖期 ,再次为拔节长穗期 ;每株根干重和不定根总长度主要取决于无效分蘖期 ,其次是拔节长穗期 ,再次为有效分蘖期。3无效分蘖期是影响每株根干重、不定根数和不定根总长度生长的主要生育阶段 ,根系增加量的不同是由其生长速率不同所致 相似文献
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在植物生长发育过程中,富含半胱氨酸类受体激酶(cysteine-rich receptor-like kinases,CRKs)作为上游信号分子,在感知胁迫信号和诱发免疫应答中起着重要作用。CRK主要由信号肽、DUF26(PF01657)、跨膜结构域和胞内激酶结构域组成,其中DUF26和激酶结构域在不同植物中高度保守。生物信息学分析发现,在单子叶和双子叶植物中含有37~170个CRK成员,它们在植物生长发育和胁迫应答中发挥不同的功能。文章综述了近年来国内外植物CRK基因结构及其在生长发育、胁迫应答中的功能研究进展,对于提高农作物抗逆境能力具有重要意义。 相似文献
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稻渔共作水稻生育特点及产量形成研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
以同期播种的常规栽培水稻为对照,研究稻渔共作对水稻生长发育动态、株型特征及产量形成的影响。结果表明,稻渔共作具有改善稻田土壤的理化性状,延长水稻生育期,增加群体各生育期生物量,提高叶面积指数和冠层叶片的面积,延缓后期功能叶片衰老,增大茎秆粗度,促进根系发育及伸长节上须根发生等特点。但同时也表现出稻株基部节间长度增大,节间数增多,植株重心上移,后期根系活力降低等特征。在产量及其结构方面表现为茎蘖成穗率、穗粒数和结实率下降,粒重增加,若品种选择与栽培控制得当,可提高单位面积有效穗数并达到增产的目的。 相似文献
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Rice roots include seminal roots, adventitious roots, lateral roots and root hairs, At present, progresses in the research of rice roots have been achieved in many aspects, such as root morphology, root activity, root reaction to various environmental factors as a contribution of root growth and rice yield, the relationship between root growth and stems/leaves/flowers/rice, genetic laws of root characters, etc. However, there are very few researches on lateral root mutant. This paper reviewed progresses of the lateral root mutant of rice from the perspectives of phytomorphology to plant physiology and biochemistry to the gene mapping, consisting of mechanism of developing lateral root of rice, gene cloning and functional analysis of lateral root development, the relationship between auxin and lateral roots, agronomic traits of lateral roots mutant, structure and morphology of root hairs, gravity anomaly of root, redox metabolism and proteomics researches of the mutation in lateral root of rice. 相似文献