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为探讨植物源杀虫剂印楝素对马铃薯甲虫的防治作用,采用叶碟法测定印楝素乳油对其成虫的拒食作用,并通过药效试验测定印楝素乳油对马铃薯甲虫的控制效果。结果显示,印楝素对马铃薯甲虫成虫有较强的非选择性拒食作用,且拒食率随取食时间的增加而升高。在取食36 h后,浓度为6、7.5、10、15和30 mg/L印楝素的拒食率分别为55.5%、59.1%、53.4%、76.1%和63.3%,拒食率与浓度无显著相关性;但印楝素对马铃薯甲虫的选择性拒食率较低,各浓度处理间均无显著差异,取食36 h时,选择拒食率约20%;在田间10 mg/L印楝素溶液施药1 d和3 d后,虫口减退率分别为26.52%和50.76%,显著高于对照组,施药9 d后,马铃薯甲虫的校正防治效果为48.86%。表明印楝素对马铃薯甲虫有一定的控制效果。 相似文献
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4种抗虫性植物水提物对棉蚜取食行为的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
通过拒食活性的生物学观察和刺吸电位技术(EPG)研究了夹竹桃、香樟、银杏和番茄等4种植物的鲜叶水溶性提取物对棉蚜取食行为的影响.结果表明:4种植物的水溶性粗提液和氯氰菊酯具有明显的拒食效应,而且拒食效果随着浓度的提高和作用时间的延长而提高,但当作用时间从2 h增加到4h时,香樟、番茄水溶性粗提液对棉蚜的拒食效果却明显下降.因此,香樟和番茄水溶性粗提液中起拒食驱避作用的成分很可能具挥发性.EPG分析显示:4种粗提液和氯氰菊酯使棉蚜有效取食(E1、E2和G波)的持续时间极显著地缩短,E1、E2波持续时间分别缩短至对照的29%以下和23%以下,G波持续时间缩短至对照的56%以下;寻找取食部位(C波)的持续时间显著延长,而此过程中棉蚜口针短暂穿刺植物细胞膜(pd波)的频率明显减少;除香樟外,还极显著地延长棉蚜的非取食行为(np波)的持续时间(2倍以上).因此,与氯氰菊酯一样,夹竹桃、香樟、银杏和番茄等4种植物的鲜叶水溶性提取物显著影响棉蚜取食行为. 相似文献
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蒌蒿提取物对菜青虫幼虫取食行为的影响 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
经萎蒿提取物处理的菜青虫Pieris rapae L 5龄幼虫,24h内发生的取活动和取食间间隔的次数减少,平均每次取活动和取食间隔的时间延长;在每次取活动中,用于取食的时间明显减少,取食量降低。 相似文献
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室内试验表明，亚洲玉米螟初孵幼虫嗜食无毒棉品种。在１２小时内５龄幼虫在无毒棉上的取食次数和总取食时间均显著比有毒棉上多，而首次取食与再次取食时间间隔却显著缩短。幼虫孵化后第１天基本不取食棉色素腺体，而只取食腺体间的叶肉部分，第２天开始少量取食，互第３在 后３５０％以上的棉花素腺体被食，在无毒取食的幼虫，体重，生长速率及食物消耗和消耗食物转化率均显著的比取食有毒棉者高，有毒棉对低龄幼虫的生长影响比高 相似文献
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为筛选出对小菜蛾幼虫取食和卵孵化行为均有生物活性的精油用于小菜蛾防控。本研究测试了7种精油对小菜蛾2龄幼虫取食和卵孵化行为的影响。结果表明,石菖蒲精油对小菜蛾2龄幼虫取食的抑制作用最强。经石菖蒲精油10μL/mL、100μL/mL浓度处理,2龄幼虫取食面积均显著低于对照,表现出了较高的拒食作用。经植物精油200μL/mL浓度处理,香茅精油、柠檬精油、陈皮精油、石菖蒲精油、甜橙精油、洋甘菊精油、橘子精油对小菜蛾卵孵化行为均起到了抑制作用,其中石菖蒲精油与橘子精油的抑制作用最强,抑制率达到100%。可见,石菖蒲精油对小菜蛾2龄幼虫取食及卵孵化行为均有抑制作用,可用于小菜蛾的绿色防控之中。 相似文献
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为探究地红蝽Pyrrhocoris tibialis St?l的特殊取食行为及其取食选择性，通过在室内外观测并全程记录地红蝽的取食行为，研究其对12种植物种子以及不同部位和不同成熟度苘麻种子的取食偏好性。结果表明，地红蝽室外取食行为包括寻水、吸水、清理、离开、搜寻、摩擦、刺探、插入、携带、攀爬、取食、静止和离开共13个过程；在室内有92%的地红蝽具先吸水后取食的行为，8%只进行吸水行为。地红蝽对苘麻种子的取食偏好性最高，选择率为41.71%，取食时长为77.30 min，刺探次数为3.44次，均显著高于其余植物种子；地红蝽对苘麻种子种皮厚度最薄（96.12μm）的左肩部位取食选择率最高，为28.93%，显著高于其他部位；对成熟度最高的深色苘麻种子取食偏好性最高，选择率为42.00%，取食时长为182.94 min，刺探次数为6.44次，高于次深色和浅色苘麻种子。表明地红蝽取食行为是吸水-携带种子攀爬-取食的特殊取食行为，且偏好取食苘麻种子并对种皮厚度最薄部位和成熟度最高苘麻种子的取食偏好性强。 相似文献
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BACKGROUND: Dose–response relationships for antifeedant effects of H. lupulus extracts against larvae and adults of the Colorado potato beetle (CPB) were determined in laboratory conditions. The larval and adult beetles were fed on potato leaflets treated with H. lupulus extract ranging from 0.4 to 40 mg mL?1 in a no‐choice situation. Their feeding behavior was recorded, and larval growth and antifeedant indexes were calculated. RESULTS: H. lupulus treatments significantly affected larval growth rate, and at higher concentrations the larval weights were significantly reduced over the course of the assay. Adults of CPB were more sensitive to the extracts than the larvae, and, even at lower doses, adult beetles were arrested for longer periods than larvae. CONCLUSION: These results indicate that H. lupulus extracts may have potential for control of CPB, particularly in organic farms where conventional insecticides are not available. Copyright © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry 相似文献
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Two neem preparations and the bitter‐tasting synthetic chemical denatonium benzoate were tested in the laboratory as antifeedants against the diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella L. The effects of the three materials on Cotesia plutellae (Kurdjumov), a hymenopteran parasitoid of P xylostella, were also recorded. All three materials significantly reduced the food consumption of P xylostella larvae. Parasitoid cocoons were formed on approximately half of those larvae which had been exposed to female C plutellae, regardless of antifeedant treatment, but emergence of adult parasitoids from the cocoons was significantly reduced by antifeedant treatment. In terms of food consumption and mortality of unparasitised P xylostella larvae, and emergence of adult C plutellae, the effect of each antifeedant preparation was directly related to the concentration of material used, but the effects of the neem preparations were greater than those of denatonium benzoate. However, no adult P xylostella emerged on any antifeedant treatment, therefore some of the parasitoids survived antifeedant treatments which were fatal to the unparasitised hosts. © 2000 Society of Chemical Industry 相似文献
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Keng-Hong Tan 《Pest management science》1981,12(6):619-626
An antifeeding (feeding deterrent) response by first- and fifth-instar larvae of Pieris brassicae was shown to be significant at sub-lethal levels of cypermethrin and permethrin, using leaf-discs treated with the pyrethroids by dipping. Permethrin was slightly more effective than cypermethrin both as an insecticide and as an antifeedant against fifth-instar larvae, but the reverse order of effectiveness was observed, with a marked difference in mortality, against newly-hatched larvae. When 1-day-old fifth-instar larvae were continuously given leaf discs treated with a solution of the pyrethroid (1 mg litre?1), up to the time of pupation, both cypermethrin and permethrin induced a significant extension of the larval period, with a reduction in the maximum larval and pupal weights, as well as a reduction in the total leaf-area consumed. However, at higher levels of both pyrethroids, lowering the temperature induced some irritancy, as indicated by regurgitation and frequent uncoordinated wriggling movements of the fifth-instar larvae. The advantages of cypermethrin as a protectant and as an antifeedant over permethrin are discussed. 相似文献
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BACKGROUND: The tobacco cutworm, Spodoptera litura (F.), is one of the most destructive polyphagous pests worldwide. The susceptibility of S. litura larvae reared on tobacco, Chinese cabbage, cowpea and sweet potato to phoxim, chlorfenapyr, methomyl, fenvalerate and emamectin benzoate under laboratory conditions was determined. RESULTS: Spodoptera litura larvae reared on tobacco were most tolerant to all insecticides, whereas those that fed on sweet potato were most susceptible. When larvae were reared on each host plant for three generations, the susceptibilities to phoxim of larvae that fed on Chinese cabbage and cowpea were similar, whereas the susceptibility of larvae that fed on sweet potato decreased by the third generation, and on tobacco the susceptibility decreased in each consecutive generation. When nicotine was added to their diet for three consecutive generations, the tolerance of larvae to phoxim increased twofold, and to emamectin benzoate 3.1‐fold, but the tolerance of larvae to fenvalerate and chlorfenapyr did not change. The acetylcholinesterase activities of the larvae that fed on sweet potato and cowpea were greater than the activities of those that fed on Chinese cabbage and tobacco. In contrast, the carboxylesterase activities of the larvae that fed on tobacco and Chinese cabbage were greater than the activities of those that fed on sweet potato and cowpea. The glutathione S‐transferase activities of larvae were highest when they fed on tobacco, followed by Chinese cabbage and cowpea, and the lowest activities were observed when larvae fed on sweet potato. CONCLUSION: Feeding on tobacco or with nicotine added to the diet, the larvae became more tolerant to insecticides, especially to phoxim and emamectin benzoate. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry 相似文献
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The tobacco cutworm, Spodoptera litura (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) (Fabricius), is a polyphagous pest which has developed physiological resistance against a number of known insecticides. In order to reduce the load of synthetic insecticides, ecofriendly alternative strategies are needed. The present studies were conducted to evaluate the insecticidal potential of the endophytic fungus Cladosporium uredinicola isolated from Tinospora cordifolia (Thunb.) on S. litura. Development of S. litura was significantly prolonged when larvae were fed on diet amended with ethyl acetate extract of C. uredinicola at concentrations of 1.25–2.00 μl?g?1. The negative effects of fungal toxin on development of S. litura further resulted in a significant reduction in adult emergence, longevity and reproductive potential at higher concentrations. A significantly higher number of adults showed morphological deformities when larvae were fed on diet amended with 2.00 μl?g?1 concentration. The inhibitory effects on growth and development of S. litura indicate toxicity of ethyl acetate extract of C. uredinicola, which is further evidenced by reduced food utilization by larvae. The antifeedant and toxic effects of ethyl acetate extract of C. uredinicola observed in the present studies can be attributed to a bioactive compound produced by the fungus, so this study provides evidence that C. uredinicola isolated from T. cordifolia possesses anti-insect properties and may play an important role in protecting plants against insect pests. 相似文献
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Ricardo S. Silva Adriano C. Tomaz Mayara C. Lopes Vânia M. Xavier Marcelo C. Picanço 《国际虫害防治杂志》2016,62(2):95-104
The use of botanical insecticides could be an alternative efficient pest management in Cucurbitaceae against melonworm Diaphania hyalinata and less harmful to its predator. Few studies jointly assess the efficiency of botanical insecticides, their effects on pest, and their effect on the natural enemy and target crop. Here we examine (1) their impact against the melonworm D. hyalinata, a key pest of Cucurbitaceae, (2) their toxicity to the predatory ant Paratrechina sp., and (3) their phytotoxicity to pumpkin plants. The botanical insecticides citronella oil and eucalyptus oil were highly toxic to D. hyalinata and they exhibited to be less harmful for the predatory ant Paratrechina sp. Andiroba oil, eucalyptus oil, garlic extract, and citronella oil caused feeding inhibition of the D. hyalinata larvae. Eucalyptus oil, andiroba oil, garlic extract, and rotenone inhibited the oviposition of D. hyalinata. None of the insecticides was phytotoxic to pumpkin plants. Eucalyptus oil and citronella oil have induced high mortality and altered the behavior of target pests. In addition, they were selective for the predator Paratrechina sp. and not exhibited phytotoxicity on pumpkin plants. Eucalyptus oil and citronella oil seem the most promising compounds for incorporation into melonworm management programs, because they induced high mortality and altered the behavior of target pests and were selective for the predator Paratrechina sp. 相似文献
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为了明确芳香植物对茶尺蠖Ectropisobliqua的驱避、拒食作用和获得应用于茶园茶尺蠖"推-拉"策略的植物材料,利用"Y"型嗅觉仪室内测定其成虫对芳香植物气味的趋性反应,并采用叶碟法测定芳香植物提取液对其幼虫的拒食作用及营养干扰效果。丁香罗勒、迷迭香、柠檬桉和芸香植株挥发物及甲醇提取液对茶尺蠖雌、雄成虫有显著的驱避效果。猫薄荷、迷迭香和鼠尾草的2 00 mg/mL甲醇提取液对茶尺蠖3龄幼虫表现出显著拒食活性,24 h后的选择性拒食率分别为93.85%、86.00%和77.32%,非选择性拒食率分别为85.77%、87.00%和88.05%。其中,迷迭香处理的幼虫生长率最低,仅为0.12 mg/天,对幼虫的相对取食量、食物利用率和食物转化率等营养指标有影响。研究表明,10种芳香植物中迷迭香具有显著的行为调控功能,是构建茶尺蠖"推-拉"策略的理想材料。 相似文献
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BACKGROUND: Vector‐borne plant disease management can be enhanced by deployment of antifeedants in addition to the use of broad‐spectrum neurotoxic insecticides. The effects of pymetrozine on Asian citrus psyllid (ACP), Diaphorina citri Kuwayama, feeding behaviour, survival and transmission of Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus (Las), the presumed causal pathogen of huanglongbing, were investigated. RESULTS: Pymetrozine applied at 52 and 104 µg mL?1 to citrus plants [Swingle citrumelo (X Citroncirus webberi Ingram and Moore)] modified the feeding behavior of ACP and increased the amount of time spent performing non‐penetration behaviors while decreasing the time spent performing ingestion behaviors compared with the controls 1 day after treatment. However, the antifeedant effect of pymetrozine subsided 5 days after application. Pymetrozine reduced the survival of both adults and nymphs on treated plants compared with the control. However, it had a greater impact on survival of nymphs than on survival of adults. Pymetrozine applied at 52 and 104 µg mL?1 on Las‐infected ‘Valencia’ sweet orange plants [Citrus sinensis L. (Osbeck)] reduced acquisition (12 and 21% respectively) and transmission (11 and 18% respectively) of Las by feeding ACP adults compared with the controls; however, these reductions were not statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS: Pymetrozine exhibited moderate antifeedant effects by modifying the feeding behavior of ACP adults with short residual activity. The impact of pymetrozine on survival of nymphs was greater than on adults at the higher concentrations tested. Pymetrozine also reduced the acquisition and transmission of Las by feeding ACP adults up to 21 and 18%, respectively, compared with untreated controls. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry 相似文献