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钙素营养与套袋苹果苦痘病的关系 总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9
为了探讨苹果套袋后苦痘病加重的原因,以富士苹果为试材,对果实发育过程中钙、氮含量的变化规律,果实幼果期和成熟期钙总量,套袋后果实微环境湿度变化及不同有机质果园苦痘病发生率进行了测定。结果表明,未套袋苹果果实在幼果期吸收钙量占成熟果实总钙量30%左右,后期占70%左右,套袋影响了果实对钙的吸收;套袋使袋内湿度增加,果实表面蒸腾作用降低,使果实对钙的吸收受到影响;同时套袋果氮含量一直高于未套袋果,N/Ca增大,促成了苦痘病的发生。增加果园有机质含量,可以改善根际钙离子供应,降低苦痘病的发生。 相似文献
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苹果苦痘病与果实内矿质养分平衡状况的相关性分析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
对大连瓦房店地区苹果苦痘病病害程度不同的红富士苹果果实进行了氮、磷、钾、钙、镁、铁、锰、铜、锌、硼、钼含量的测定。结果表明:苦痘病的病害程度与苹果果实内的含氮量呈极显著正相关关系,即苦痘病越严重,果实内的含氮量越高;苦痘病的病害程度与苹果果实内的氮/钙比呈极显著正相关关系,即果实内氮含量越高,钙含量越低,苦痘病越严重;病害程度与苹果果实内的钙/(钾+镁)比呈极显著负相关关系;病害程度与果实内的铜含量呈极显著正相关关系;病害程度与果实内的磷、钾含量无显著的相关关系。试验得出:苹果果实内氮含量过高,是导致苦痘病发生的重要因素。 相似文献
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苦痘病是苹果果实在贮藏中常见的生理病害,果实的含钙量对这种病害的发生可能有很大关系。据报导钙盐会使苦痘病减轻,实际上果实的含钙量和病害的发生没有相关性。因此对苦痘病的发生与钙的关系进行调查时有必要按钙的存在形态分别进行考察。本实验就是用各种提取剂从苹果果实和叶中提取钙,调查各组分中的钙含量与苦痘病发病的关系。供试材料,是从16个地方的果园采收的桔苹品种果实和叶片,取果实直径7厘米,大小一致的苹果,放在4℃环境下贮藏10周,出库 相似文献
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对于苹果苦痘病一般认为是因果实缺钙引起的生理病害,也有学者认为,果实中的氮过多,氮、钙比例失调是苦痘病发生的主要原因。另外,苹果苦痘病的发生与果实中的(K Mg)/Ca有关,当这一比值升高时,会加重苹果苦痘病的发生。为此,我们在1995年选取部分苦痘 相似文献
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苹果苦痘病和其他几种果实钙营养失调症 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
阐述了苹果果实钙营养失调症的发生、发展与研究状况。苹果果实钙营养失调表现在果实上的症状有苦痘病、痘斑病、皮孔膨大隆起、果皮开裂和木栓样斑等。这些症状表现均与钙素营养失调有关,但非惟一原因,还有其他因素。 相似文献
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钙作为果树营养必需元素之一,对苹果品质形成具有重要作用。缺钙导致苹果果实生理失调引起多种生理病害发生。如苦痘病、水心病、虎皮病等。通过施肥可以提高苹果果实钙浓度,从而减少病害发生。为了确定苹果钙的吸收利用与施肥时期的关系．以盛果期的‘富士’苹果为试材,比较了相同钙素含量分期施肥的效果。结果表明。春季一次性施肥能够大幅度提高当季土壤总钙和交换性钙、根系及幼果的钙浓度。但后期下降显著; 相似文献
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1 发病原因一般认为苹果苦痘病是由果实缺钙引起的生理病害。据测定 ,烟台市土壤交换性钙含量平均 2 .78g/kg,属较低地区 ,苹果缺钙引起的苦痘病常困扰苹果的正常生产。 1995年我们在蓬莱市园艺场、马格庄镇湾子口村果园对红富士、国光苹果进行了研究 ,结果表明 ,苹果苦痘病与 相似文献
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钙镁肥配施对苹果树叶片和果实营养元素含量及病果率影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
对大连瓦房店地区10 a树龄红富士苹果树进行不同的钙、镁肥的施肥处理,在喷与不喷硫酸镁溶液的基础上分别进行硝酸钙土施和喷施以及氨基酸钙喷施,探讨苹果叶片和果实营养元素含量及苹果"苦痘病"病果率状况。结果表明:钙的不同施肥方式和不同钙镁组合处理对苹果树各器官营养元素以及病果率影响差异很大。单独施钙和钙镁配合施用均不同程度提高了叶片中N、P、K、Ca、Mg的含量,而单施镁会降低营养枝叶片中Ca含量。Ca、Mg单施和配施均显著提高了果实中的P含量;Ca对苹果果实N吸收累积具有抑制作用;而Mg则有促进作用。与CK比较,单施Mg处理使得病果率提高了9.5%;单施Ca处理较Ca、Mg配施防病效果更明显。各施钙处理均显著降低了苹果"苦痘病"发病率;不施Ca、Mg处理病果率为4.2%,喷施氨基酸钙、硝酸钙和土施硝酸钙处理病果率分别为0.9%、1.4%、1.2%,病果率依次降低了79%、67%、71%;在施钙的基础上加施硫酸镁后病果率分别为1.9%、2.4%、2.2%,病果率依次降低55%4、3%、48%。钙肥处理以氨基酸钙肥喷施效果最好,而镁肥会加重苹果"苦痘病"的发病率。 相似文献
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A low pH of the soil prevents the specific apple replant disorder (SARD). Not much is known about the effect of a low pH on the growth of fruit trees. Most authors accept a pH of between 5.5 and 6.5 as optimum for apples but this assumption is not based on experimental research. It is feasible that apple trees grow well at a lower pH than has hitherto been accepted. The influence of a low pH on bitter pit needs careful examination. 相似文献
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In all major apple producing countries, applications of foliar calcium (Ca) products to increase fruit Ca content and reduce the incidence of bitter pit in apples are used. Calcium nitrate (Ca(NO3)2), Calcimax and Ca acetate were applied, commencing at three different developmental stages (early, mid and late) of fruit growth. Late Ca(NO3)2 (80 days after full bloom (dafb)) applications increased the Ca content of fruit at harvest more than early (six dafb) and mid (40 dafb) applications. There was a trend towards an increase in bitter pit from early to late applications of Ca(NO3)2 and Calcimax, confirming previous results obtained when applying only Ca(NO3)2. In spite of the very low incidences of bitter pit during these seasons (less than 7%), significant differences between treatments were found between Ca(NO3)2 Mid and other treatments in 2004/2005, as well as Ca(NO3)2 and Calcimax Early and other treatments in 2005/2006. Ca acetate applications did not show any trends in fruit Ca content or bitter pit incidence when applied during the three stages. Thus, products may differ in efficiency of Ca absorption and effectiveness in decreasing bitter pit in fruit when applied during different developmental stages. 相似文献
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Summary‘Reinette du Canada’ apple (Malus domestica Borkh.), which has been declared a Protected Designation of Origin (PDO) product throughout the European Community, is severely affected by bitter pit during storage, but increasing demand for organic produce requires chemical post-harvest treatments to be replaced with organic practices. The objective of this work was to determine the optimum stage of fruit maturity to improve the storability of high quality ‘Reinette du Canada’ apple during storage without applying post-harvest treatments. Seasonal conditions influenced fruit quality and the occurrence of storage disorders in ‘Reinette du Canada’. Harvest maturity also influenced the quality of ‘Reinette du Canada’ apple during storage, with later harvests reducing the development of bitter pit and increasing the soluble solids content:titratable acidity (SSC:TA) ratio. This study suggests that the SSC:TA ratio was a useful parameter for determining the optimum harvest maturity for high acidity, ‘Reinette du Canada’ apple. High quality fruit were obtained after long-term storage when the SSC:TA ratio exceeded 11.0, and fruit firmness at harvest exceeded 90 N. If these thresholds were not achieved, the quality of harvested ‘Reinette du Canada’ apples may not be sufficient to market fruit with the PDO designation. The results of our study also suggested that skin hue angle (hº) measurements may provide a quick and useful index that could replace fruit firmness measurements in the future. 相似文献
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R.O. Sharples A. H. M. Kirby 《The Journal of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology》2013,88(3):333-346
Two apple cultivars, Cox’s Orange Pippin and Worcester Pearmain, were sprayed at high volume for scab control in two seasons with either captan or thiram, with dinocap to control mildew. On Worcester, it was confirmed that thiram reduced crop and increased fruit russet and bitter pit incidence; the proportion of misshapen fruits was also increased. On Cox, thiram reduced crop number, without any compensatory increase in weight, and provided inferior scab control as well as increasing fruit russet.The application of commercial calcium nitrate (C.C.N.) four times between mid-June and mid-August led to a considerable reduction in the incidence of bitter pit and storage rots in fruits from trees sprayed with captan and dinocap; it also partially offset the greater incidence of bitter pit associated with thiram treatments. In contrast to this, the application of a similar total amount of calcium, either in the form of a standard lime sulphur programme or by adding C.C.N, to the organic fungicide programmes for scab control, i.e. from April to mid-July, failed to reduce the incidence of bitter pit on either cultivar. Neither C.C.N, programme affected cropping, fruit russeting or scab control on either cultivar.The ratio of potassium to calcium was higher in leaves and fruits from Worcester trees receiving thiram than in those from trees receiving captan; the application of C.C.N, in the summer reduced this ratio in fruits from trees receiving captan but not in those from trees receiving thiram, although it reduced the incidence of bitter pit associated with both fungicide programmes.Results on Cox show that fungicide deposition and control of scab were independent of fungicide formulation and of the presence or absence of C.C.N. ; mildew control was not affected when C.C.N, was applied as the recommended summer programme. 相似文献
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苹果苦痘病的发生与钙、镁离子及抗氧化酶活性的关系 总被引：18，自引：1，他引：17
苹果苦痘病果实钙离子含量明显低于正常果实, 镁离子含量只有果肉外部显著高于正常果实。病果的超氧化物歧化酶(SOD) 、抗坏血酸过氧化物酶(APX) 、过氧化氢酶(CAT) 和愈创木酚过氧化物酶(POX) 等活性明显低于正常果实。用CaCl2 溶液真空渗透处理苹果果实明显提高APX活性, 降低正常果实酶活性, 表明钙离子调节抗氧化物酶活性。苦痘病果实缺钙富镁导致酶活性下降, 病果丙二醛(MDA) 含量和细胞膜透性明显高于正常果实,表明细胞膜系统的过氧化作用是病害发生的重要原因。 相似文献