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1.
本试验采用反转录PCR(RT-PCR)和c DNA末端快速扩增(RACE)技术克隆获得草鱼乙酰辅酶A羧化酶β(ACC2)基因全长c DNA,并采用实时荧光定量PCR技术研究ACC2基因在肝胰脏、脾脏、大脑、前肠、中肠、后肠、肾脏、肌肉、心脏和肠系膜脂肪等组织中的表达,同时,还对饲喂不同脂肪源饲料12周后草鱼肝胰脏和肌肉中以及饥饿再次投喂后3、6、12和24 h肝胰脏中ACC2 mRNA的表达变化进行了研究。结果显示:草鱼ACC2基因c DNA全长7 533 bp,含1个7 149 bp的开放阅读框,编码2 382个氨基酸,ACC2蛋白计算分子质量为268.34 ku,等电点为6.13。草鱼ACC2基因存在可变剪接,形成另外1个同工型(isoforms),比分子质量为268.34 ku的ACC2蛋白少8个氨基酸。ACC2基因在所有检测组织中均有表达,ACC2 mRNA的相对表达量在肌肉中最高,为29.13,在肝胰脏中最低,仅为1.90。肌肉中ACC2 mRNA的相对表达量与大脑、前肠和心脏差异不显著(P0.05),但显著高于其他组织(P0.05)。投喂不同脂肪源饲料对草鱼肝胰脏及肌肉中ACC2 mRNA相对表达量无显著影响(P0.05);饥饿再投喂后草鱼肝胰脏中ACC2 mRNA相对表达量在12 h达到高峰值,为6.17,之后明显下降,24 h时仅为2.84。本试验成功克隆了草鱼ACC2基因全长c DNA,其主要的功能位点ATP结合位点、生物素结合位点与其他脊椎动物相比基本保守。草鱼ACC2基因主要在肌肉等脂肪分解活跃的组织中表达,投喂不同脂肪源饲料对草鱼肝胰脏中ACC2 mRNA的相对表达量无显著影响;饥饿再投喂后,肝胰脏中ACC2 mRNA的相对表达量在投喂12 h后最高。  相似文献   

2.
为了研究草鱼肝脏对高脂饲料的代谢调控机理,试验研究了连续12周投喂含8.1%脂肪的饲料对草鱼血清生化指标、肝胰脏生化指标及乙酰辅酶A羧化酶1(ACC1)mRNA表达的影响。将120尾平均体重为(15.0±2.4)g的健康草鱼随机为高脂组和基础组,分别投喂含8.1%脂肪的高脂饲料和4.6%脂肪的基础饲料,并在试验的第4、8、12周检测草鱼血清中甘油三酯(TG)、总胆固醇(CHO)含量及谷丙转氨酶(ALT)、谷草转氨酶(AST)活性以及肝胰脏中丙二醛(MDA)含量和超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性。在试验第12周,制作病理切片观察肝胰脏组织形态,并应用半定量反转录聚合酶链式反应(RT-PCR)检测肝胰脏ACC1 mRNA的相对表达量。结果表明:试验期间,高脂组草鱼肝细胞出现损伤,并随投喂时间的延长而加重;高脂组草鱼血清中AST、ALT活性及TG、CHO含量以及肝胰脏中MDA含量均随投喂时间的延长而显著或极显著上升(P<0.05或P<0.01),而肝胰脏中SOD和CAT活性则随投喂时间的延长而显著或极显著下降(P<0.05或P<0.01)。在试验第12周,高脂组草鱼血清中AST、ALT活性及TG、CHO含量以及肝胰脏中MDA含量均显著或极显著高于基础组(P<0.05或P<0.01),而肝胰脏中SOD和CAT活性则显著或极显著低于基础组(P<0.05或P<0.01);与基础组相比,高脂组草鱼肝胰脏ACC1 mRNA相对表达量极显著升高(P<0.01)。由此得出,高脂饲料的连续投喂升高了草鱼的血脂水平,并使草鱼肝胰脏出现损伤,其作用机制可能与高脂饲料降低草鱼抗氧化能力以及促进肝脏脂肪合成有关。  相似文献   

3.
本研究旨在克隆鹅长链酯酰辅酶A合成酶4(ACSL4)基因,探讨其与鹅肝脂质沉积的关系和品种间的表达差异。本实验通过RT-PCR、实时定量等技术扩增鹅ACSL4基因CDS、检测了该基因在皮脂、腹脂、肝脏等10个组织中的表达情况及填饲对其在肝脏中表达的影响,并探讨其表达量与血浆胰岛素、鹅肝脏甘油三酯(TG)、肝重等指标间的相关性。结果表明:鹅ACSL4基因CDS全长2 013 bp,编码670个氨基酸。保守结构预测发现,其蛋白质与哺乳动物一样,也存在2个保守功能区(ATP/AMP motif和FACS motif),它与鸡、人、猪、小鼠、大鼠的同源性分别为96.9%、80.4%、80.1%、78.5%、78.4%;组织表达结果显示,该基因主要于大脑、腹脂、心肌、睾丸等组织中表达,而在肝脏中表达相对较低;填饲引起ACSL4 mRNA在鹅肝脏的表达丰度极显著增加(P<0.01);且与肝脏脂质沉积相关指标呈显著正相关(P<0.05),暗示其在鹅肝脂肪变性中可能扮演着重要的角色。  相似文献   

4.
为了研究氨氮胁迫下饥饿与复投喂对黄颡鱼脂质代谢的影响,将360尾黄颡鱼幼鱼[初始体重为(14.95±0.03)g]随机分配到12个养殖桶中,每桶30尾。对照组人工饱食投喂42 d,试验组饥饿14 d后恢复投喂28 d。对照组和试验组分别被暴露到总氨氮浓度为0(低氨氮处理,正常养殖环境)和5.70 mg/L(高氨氮处理,氨氮胁迫)的水体中,每组分配3桶试验鱼。结果显示:饥饿14 d后,高氨氮处理黄颡鱼肝脏中6-磷酸葡萄糖酸脱氢酶(6PGD)、脂肪酸合酶(FAS)活性以及6PGD、葡萄糖-6-磷酸脱氢酶(G6PD)、FAS、胆固醇调节元件结合蛋白-1(SREBP-1)、过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体α(PPARα)和过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体γ(PPARγ)基因的mRNA相对表达量显著低于低氨氮处理(P<0.05),而肝脏中肉碱棕榈酰转移酶(CPT)、脂蛋白脂酶(LPL)活性以及肉碱棕榈酰转移酶1(CPT1)和LPL基因的mRNA相对表达量则显著高于低氨氮处理(P<0.05);在氨氮胁迫或正常养殖环境下,饥饿14 d后,试验组黄颡鱼肝脏中6PGD、FAS活性以及6PGD、G6PD、FAS、SREBP-1和PPARγ基因的mRNA相对表达量显著低于对照组(P<0.05),而CPT、LPL活性以及PPARα、CPT1和LPL基因的mRNA相对表达量显著高于对照组(P<0.05);恢复投喂28 d后,高氨氮处理黄颡鱼肝脏中6PGD、FAS活性以及6PGD、G6PD、FAS和PPARα基因的mRNA相对表达量显著低于低氨氮处理(P<0.05),而肝脏中CPT、LPL活性以及CPT1和LPL基因的mRNA相对表达量则显著高于低氨氮组(P<0.05);在氨氮胁迫或正常养殖环境下,恢复投喂28 d后,试验组黄颡鱼肝脏中6PGD活性以及6PGD和G6PD基因的mRNA相对表达量显著高于对照组(P<0.05),而肝脏中LPL活性显著低于对照组(P<0.05);此外,在氨氮胁迫下,试验组黄颡鱼肝脏中FAS、SREBP-1和PPARγ基因的mRNA相对表达量显著高于对照组(P<0.05),而LPL基因的mRNA相对表达量则显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。综上可知,氨氮胁迫和饥饿胁迫均会促进黄颡鱼的脂质分解代谢,并抑制脂质合成代谢;氨氮胁迫下饥饿后复投喂能够恢复黄颡鱼的脂质代谢稳态。  相似文献   

5.
饲料中维生素D3水平对黄鳝抗菌肽hepcidin基因表达的影响   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
本试验旨在探索饲料中维生素D3水平对黄鳝(Monopterus albus)抗菌肽hepcidin基因表达的影响.挑选体质健康、平均体重为(21.7±2.1)g的黄鳝360尾,随机分为6组,每组2个重复,每个重复30尾.6组黄鳝分别饲喂在基础饲料(0 IU/kg维生素D3)中添加0、250、500、1 000、2 000和4 000 IU/kg维生素D3的试验饲料.于投喂试验饲料后20、40和60 d,从各组随机选择6尾黄鳝,分别采集其肝胰脏、脾脏、头肾和后肠组织,采用荧光定量聚合酶链式反应(RT-PCR)技术检测样品中hepcidin基因表达量.结果表明:投喂20、40和60 d后,黄鳝4种组织中均有hepcidin基因表达,并且肝胰脏中显著高于脾脏、头肾和后肠中(P＜0.05);随维生素D3添加水平的增加,黄鳝hepcidin基因在4种组织的表达量同一时间点均呈现出先升高后降低的趋势;第20天时4种组织中的表达量均以2 000 IU/kg组为最高,显著高于其他各组(P＜0.05);第40和60天时肝胰脏、头肾中的表达量均以500 IU/kg组为最高,其中第40天时显著高于0、250、4 000 IU/kg组(P＜0.05),第60天时显著高于其他各组(P＜0.05).结果提示,短期(20 d)内在饲料中添加2 000 IU/kg的维生素D3可显著提高黄鳝内脏组织中hepcidin 基因的表达量;饲喂周期较长(40或60 d)时,饲料中添加500 IU/kg维生素D3可显著提高hepcidin基因在黄鳝肝胰脏和头肾中的表达量.  相似文献   

6.
试验旨在克隆草原红牛长链酰基辅酶A合成酶3(long-chain acyl-CoA synthetase 3,ACSL3)基因编码区并对其进行生物信息学分析,同时在mRNA和蛋白质水平上分析ACSL3基因在草原红牛不同组织中的表达差异。利用RT-PCR技术和TA克隆的方法获得草原红牛ACSL3基因CDS序列;利用在线软件对ACSL3基因进行生物信息学分析,分析ACSL3基因与其他物种的同源性并构建系统进化树,分析ACSL3基因编码蛋白质的基本理化性质、潜在磷酸化位点、O-糖基化位点、N-糖基化位点、信号肽、二硫键、跨膜区结构、亚细胞定位及该基因编码蛋白的二级结构、三级结构;通过实时荧光定量PCR和Western blotting技术检测ACSL3基因在草原红牛各组织间的mRNA和蛋白表达水平。结果显示,试验成功克隆了草原红牛ACSL3基因CDS区,全长2 163 bp,编码720个氨基酸,蛋白分子质量为80.28 ku,理论等电点为8.74,属于亲水性蛋白。通过NCBI中BLAST比对发现,草原红牛与牛、绵羊、猪、人、大鼠、小鼠、鸡的ACSL3基因核苷酸序列同源性分别为99%、97%、93%、91%、88%、88%和78%;系统进化树结果表明,草原红牛与牛、绵羊的亲缘关系最近,与鸡的亲缘关系最远。该蛋白序列有7个二硫键,66个磷酸化位点,9个O-糖基化位点,3个N-糖基化位点,不存在信号肽,但存在1个跨膜区。二级结构和三级结构分析结果表明,ACSL3蛋白通过无规则卷曲连接,蛋白质结构以α-螺旋和β-转角为主,为混合型蛋白。mRNA和蛋白表达量检测结果显示,ACSL3基因在肾脏和肌肉组织中表达量较高,显著高于其他组织(P<0.05);在胃、肝脏和心脏中中度表达,显著高于脾脏、肺脏、肠和脂肪(P<0.05);在脾脏、肺脏、肠和脂肪中相对低表达,说明草原红牛ACSL3基因可能与体内脂肪沉积和脂质代谢等调控功能有关。本试验结果为进一步研究ACSL3基因在草原红牛中脂质代谢及脂肪沉积等方面的调控作用提供了基础材料。  相似文献   

7.
为了研究丙二醛(MDA)对草鱼肠道、肝胰脏抗氧化防御能力的影响,以谷胱甘肽(GSH)/谷胱甘肽转移酶(GSTs)通路为研究对象,选择初始体重(74.8±1.0)g的草鱼(Ctenopharyngodon idelluspond),随机分为4组,每组设3个重复,每个重复20尾。4组草鱼分别投喂基础饲料(对照组)以及在基础饲料中添加61(B1组)、124(B2组)、185 mg/kg(B3组)MDA的试验饲料,在池塘网箱养殖72 d后,测定肠道、肝胰脏和血清中MDA和GSH含量,采用荧光定量PCR(qRT-PCR)方法测定草鱼肠道、肝胰脏GSH/GSTs通路中谷氨酸-半胱氨酸连接酶催化亚基(GCLC)、谷胱甘肽还原酶(GSR)、pi-谷胱甘肽硫转移酶(GSTpi)、微粒体谷胱甘肽硫转移酶1(MGSt1)基因表达量。结果显示:1)与对照组相比,除B3组肝胰脏MDA含量显著升高(P0.05)外,其余试验组肠道、肝胰脏MDA含量均无显著变化(P0.05);各试验组血清MDA含量均显著升高(P0.05)。2)与对照组相比,除B1、B3组肠道GSH含量显著升高(P0.05)外,其余试验组肠道、肝胰脏GSH含量均无显著变化(P0.05);B1、B2组血清GSH含量显著升高(P0.05)。3)与对照组相比,B2、B3组肠道及B1组肝胰脏GCLC表达量显著上调(P0.05);除B2组肠道G SR表达量显著上调(P0.05)外,其余试验组肠道和肝胰脏G SR表达量均无显著变化(P0.05);B2、B3组肠道及B3组肝胰脏GSTpi表达量显著上调(P0.05);B3组肠道MGST1表达量显著上调(P0.05);各试验组肝胰脏MGST1表达量均显著下调(P0.05)。结果表明,MDA引起草鱼肠道、肝胰脏GSH/GSTs通路抗氧化应激反应,且肠道和肝胰脏受M DA的影响程度有一定的差异。  相似文献   

8.
试验旨在克隆草原红牛长链酰基辅酶A合成酶3(long-chain acyl-CoA synthetase 3,ACSL3)基因编码区并对其进行生物信息学分析,同时在mRNA和蛋白质水平上分析ACSL3基因在草原红牛不同组织中的表达差异。利用RT-PCR技术和TA克隆的方法获得草原红牛ACSL3基因CDS序列;利用在线软件对ACSL3基因进行生物信息学分析,分析ACSL3基因与其他物种的同源性并构建系统进化树,分析ACSL3基因编码蛋白质的基本理化性质、潜在磷酸化位点、O-糖基化位点、N-糖基化位点、信号肽、二硫键、跨膜区结构、亚细胞定位及该基因编码蛋白的二级结构、三级结构;通过实时荧光定量PCR和Western blotting技术检测ACSL3基因在草原红牛各组织间的mRNA和蛋白表达水平。结果显示,试验成功克隆了草原红牛ACSL3基因CDS区,全长2 163 bp,编码720个氨基酸,蛋白分子质量为80.28 ku,理论等电点为8.74,属于亲水性蛋白。通过NCBI中BLAST比对发现,草原红牛与牛、绵羊、猪、人、大鼠、小鼠、鸡的ACSL3基因核苷酸序列同源性分别为99%、97%、93%、91%、88%、88%和78%;系统进化树结果表明,草原红牛与牛、绵羊的亲缘关系最近,与鸡的亲缘关系最远。该蛋白序列有7个二硫键,66个磷酸化位点,9个O-糖基化位点,3个N-糖基化位点,不存在信号肽,但存在1个跨膜区。二级结构和三级结构分析结果表明,ACSL3蛋白通过无规则卷曲连接,蛋白质结构以α-螺旋和β-转角为主,为混合型蛋白。mRNA和蛋白表达量检测结果显示,ACSL3基因在肾脏和肌肉组织中表达量较高,显著高于其他组织(P0.05);在胃、肝脏和心脏中中度表达,显著高于脾脏、肺脏、肠和脂肪(P0.05);在脾脏、肺脏、肠和脂肪中相对低表达,说明草原红牛ACSL3基因可能与体内脂肪沉积和脂质代谢等调控功能有关。本试验结果为进一步研究ACSL3基因在草原红牛中脂质代谢及脂肪沉积等方面的调控作用提供了基础材料。  相似文献   

9.
本试验旨在探讨不同比例玉屏风多糖对草鱼肠黏膜形态结构及主要免疫与吸收相关基因表达的影响。试验选择750尾平均体重为(74.50±2.50)g的健康草鱼,随机分为5组,每组6个重复,每个重复25尾。对照组(Ⅰ组)投喂基础饲料,试验组(Ⅱ~Ⅴ组)投喂在基础饲料基础上分别添加0.8、1.2、1.6、2.0 g/kg玉屏风多糖的试验饲料。预试期7 d,正试期28 d。结果表明:1)与对照组相比,在试验第14天时,Ⅴ组的隐窝深度显著降低(P0.05),而绒腺比则显著提高(P0.05)。2)对照组相比,在试验第7天时,Ⅲ和Ⅳ组头肾中白介素-2(IL-2)mRNA相对表达量显著或极显著提高(P0.05或P0.01),Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ和Ⅴ组头肾中干扰素γ(IFN-γ)mRNA相对表达量均极显著提高(P0.01),Ⅲ、Ⅳ和Ⅴ组肠道中钠葡萄糖转运蛋白1(SG LT-1)和葡萄糖转运蛋白2(GLUT-2)mRNA相对表达量显著或极显著提高(P0.05或P0.01))。3)与对照组相比,在试验第14天时,Ⅳ和Ⅴ组头肾中IL-2 mRNA相对表达量极显著提高(P0.01),Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ和Ⅴ组头肾中IFN-γmRNA相对表达量显著或极显著提高(P0.05或P0.01),Ⅲ、Ⅳ和Ⅴ组肠道中SG LT-1和G LUT-2 mRNA相对表达量极显著提高(P0.01)。4)与对照组相比,在试验第21天时,Ⅳ组头肾中IL-2 mRNA相对表达量显著提高(P0.05),Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ和Ⅴ组头肾中IFN-γmRNA相对表达量极显著提高(P0.01),Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ和Ⅴ组肠道中SG LT-1和G LUT-2 mRNA相对表达量显著或极显著提高(P0.05或P0.01)。5)与对照组相比,在试验第28天时,Ⅳ和Ⅴ组头肾中IL-2 mRNA相对表达量极显著提高(P0.01),Ⅲ、Ⅳ和Ⅴ组头肾中IFN-γmRNA相对表达量显著或极显著提高(P0.05或P0.01),Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ和Ⅴ组肠道中SGLT-1 mRNA相对表达量显著或极显著提高(P0.05或P0.01)。综上所述,在草鱼饲料中添加一定量的玉屏风多糖能够改善肠黏膜形态结构,促进肠道中SGLT-1和GLUT-2基因的表达,调控头肾中IL-2和IFN-γ基因的表达,从而提高肠道吸收功能、增强机体免疫力。从节约饲养成本出发,草鱼饲料中玉屏风多糖最适添加量为1.6 g/kg。  相似文献   

10.
鹅ACSL1基因克隆及其在鹅肥肝形成中作用的初步研究   总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3  
本研究旨在克隆鹅长链酯酰辅酶A合成酶1(ACSL1)基因,并研究其在填饲诱导鹅肥肝形成中的作用,为揭示ACSL1在鹅肥肝形成过程中的作用提供依据。以前期抑制消减杂交文库筛选的部分ESTs序列为基础,通过RT-PCR扩增鹅ACSL1基因CDS、并用实时定量等技术检测该基因在皮脂、腹脂、肝脏等10个组织中的表达情况及填饲对其在肝脏中表达的影响,同时与填饲后鹅肝脏总脂质、甘油三酯(TG)、肝质量等指标进行相关分析。结果发现:鹅ACSL1基因CDS全长2100bp,编码699个氨基酸。保守结构区预测发现,其蛋白质跟其他物种一样,也存在2个保守功能区(ATP/AMPmotif和FACSmotif)和1个跨膜结构域,它与鸡、牛、人、小鼠ACSL1基因的同源性分别为93%、80.4%、78.5%、77.3%;该基因主要表达于腹脂、皮脂、肝脏,而在其他组织表达相对较低;填饲能引起ACSL1mRNA在鹅肝脏的表达丰度极显著增加(P0.01),且与肝质量、肝内TG和总脂质呈显著正相关;同时,填饲导致其在朗德鹅肝脏中的表达丰度显著高于四川白鹅(P0.05)。结果提示:填饲引起ACSL1mR-NA在鹅肝脏中极显著增加(P0.01),且其增加幅度存在着品种间差异(P0.05)。  相似文献   

11.
To test the hypotheses that glucose transport capacity across the brush border membrane (BBM) of the large colon is lower than that of the small intestine in equids, and that small intestinal transport capacity in equids is lower than suids. d-glucose transport capacity (Vmax) and affinity (KM) across the BBM of the distal jejunum (DJ) and proximal large colon (PLC) of the pony and pig were measured. Mucosa was collected from the DJ and PLC of ponies (n = 4) and pigs (n = 3), flash-frozen in liquid nitrogen, and stored at −80°C. Jejunal and colonic BBM vesicles were manufactured, and d-glucose transport was determined. There was no detectable active uptake of glucose in the equine PLC. Compared with the pig DJ, d-glucose transport capacity was lower (2595 ± 331 vs. 655 ± 286 ρmol·mg protein−1·s−1, respectively, P < .01) and transport affinity tended to be lower (0.09 ± 0.07 vs. 0.27 ± 0.06 mM, respectively, P = .11) in the pony DJ. Compared with the pig DJ, d-glucose transport capacity (2,595 ± 331 vs. 571 ± 331 ρmol·mg protein−1·s−1, respectively, P < .001) and transport affinity (0.09 ± 0.07 vs. 0.54 ± 0.07 mM, respectively, P < .001) in the pig PLC were lower. Results show there is negligible d-glucose uptake across pony PLC, and capacity for d-glucose absorption across DJ BBM is fourfold lower in the pony compared with the pig. Results further exemplify, at a physiological level, the limited capacity of the equid small intestine to transport glucose relative to an omnivorous mammal, and the likely evolutionary adaptation of equids to low dietary levels of nonstructural carbohydrates.  相似文献   

12.
Synchronization of parturition in a commercial flock of sheep has many advantages including the maintenance of the efficiency of the operation as well as optimization of care for periparturient animals. In a research setting, using an ovine model for experiments involving the induction of parturition yields the results that can be applied to other mammalian species. In sheep, as well as in a variety of other farmed species, dexamethasone is the drug used to induce synchronized parturition at the end of gestation. However, considerable variations have been noticed in the time between induction and the onset of lambing. This study set out to determine the role that the breed of dam and sire, the age and reproductive history of ewes, the month of induction and the litter/lamb characteristics played in determining the time between dexamethasone treatment and parturition. The lambing was induced in 146 ewes (4 purebred Dorset, 19 purebred Rideau Arcott and 123 Rideau Arcott × Dorset ewes) using a single i.m. dose of 20 mg dexamethasone (Unidex®, Univet Pharmaceuticals, Milton, ON, Canada) on day 140 of gestation. The ewe breed was weakly correlated (r = − 0.19, P < 0.05) whereas the sire breed was moderately correlated (r = − 0.37, P < 0.001) to the time between dexamethasone treatment and the onset of parturition (the breed in this study was defined as the % of the Rideau Arcott genotype). The time between induction and the onset of labour averaged 57.3 ± 5.3 h and 64.3 ± 8.2 h in February and April, respectively, and it was significantly longer (P < 0.05) compared with the times recorded in July, September and November (42.0 ± 2.0 h, 38.7 ± 2.8 h and 36.1 ± 5.0 h, respectively). There was a negative correlation (r = − 0.41, P < 0.001) between the proportion of ram lambs and the mean birth weight of ewe lambs. These results can be interpreted to suggest that the breed and time of the year may both affect the synchrony of dexamethasone-induced lambing. The reasons for the associations found between the month of induction and the time elapsed to the onset of parturition as well as between the proportion of ram lambs and birth weights of ewe lambs are not fully understood and warrant further studies.  相似文献   

13.
Sperm morphometry is the tool that confers objectivity to the morphological evaluation by accurately measuring the dimensions of the gamete and its structures. Thus, the aim of the study was to perform a morphometric characterization of the domestic cat sperm. Therefore, sperm samples were collected from twenty pairs of epididymis in a TRIS extender at 37ºC. An aliquot of the sample was used to make a smear with Rose Bengal solution, and afterwards, the morphology and morphometry were analysed. In the morphology, were quantified the percentage of normal sperm cells, morphological changes of head, midpiece and tail. In morphometry, each normal sperm cell was measured for length, width, area and perimeter of head and midpiece, tail length and total length. The parameters ellipticity, elongation, regularity and rugosity were also determined. The percentage of normal sperm was 67.21%. Of the abnormalities, the curled/folded tail, followed by the curved midpiece, abnormal shaped head and detached head were the most quantified. The sperm head presented 5.56 ± 0.01 μm and 3.10 ± 0.01 μm of length and width, respectively. The head area was 16.94 ± 0.05 μm2, while the perimeter was 16.16 ± 0.03 μm. In the derived parameters, the values were as follows: ellipticity of 1.81 ± 0.00; elongation of 21.39 ± 0.12; regularity of 0.81 ± 0.00; and rugosity of 0.14 ± 0.00. The midpiece presented length and width of 7.96 ± 0.01 μm and 0.76 ± 0.01 μm, respectively. The mean length of the sperm tail was 45.12 ± 0.06 μm, and the total cell size was 58.67 ± 0.06 μm. Thus, it was concluded that the cat sperm is an elongated cell, with high rugosity and regularity. The spermatic tail represents more than ¾ of the total length of the cell and the midpiece exceeds the length of the head.  相似文献   

14.
This experiment was conducted to study the effects of dietary supplementation with acidifiers on the growth performance, meat quality, and intestinal health of broiler chickens. A total of 648 male Arbor Acres broiler chickens at 1 d old were randomly divided into 6 groups, and each group consisted of 6 replicates with 18 broilers per replicate. The dietary treatments were as follows: negative control (NC, the basal diet), NC + antibiotic (enramycin, 8 mg/kg, positive control [PC]), NC + phosphoric acid (PA, 0.1, 0.2, and 0.3 g/kg), and NC + lactic acid (LA, 0.3 g/kg). The feeding trial lasted for 42 d. The results showed that the feed-to-gain ratio of the NC + acidifier groups was lower than that of the NC and PC groups from 1 to 42 d (P < 0.05). Compared with the values in the NC group, the pH of breast muscle was significantly higher in the NC + PA (0.2 g/kg) and LA (0.3 g/kg) groups (P < 0.05), and the cooking loss was lower in the breast muscle of the NC + PA (0.1 g/kg) and LA (0.3 g/kg) groups (P < 0.05). In addition, the shear force of the breast muscle and thigh muscle and the pH value in the crop, gizzard and duodenum of the antibiotic and acidifier groups were significantly decreased (P < 0.05). Moreover, the trypsin, chymotrypsin, and lipase activities of the duodenum in the NC + PA (0.2 and 0.3 g/kg) groups, as well as the villus height-to-crypt depth (VH:CD) ratio of the duodenum in the NC + PA (0.1 g/kg) group was significantly greater (P < 0.05) compared with those in the NC group. Meanwhile, the number of total aerobic bacteria, Escherichia coli and Salmonella in the cecum of the NC + PA (0.1 g/kg) and LA (0.3 g/kg) groups were decreased (P < 0.05). Collectively, diet supplementation with acidifiers could improve the growth performance, meat quality, and intestinal health of broilers, in which the effects of PA (0.1 g/kg and 0.2 g/kg) are better than the other supplementations.  相似文献   

15.
Eight Jersey cows were used in two balanced 4 × 4 Latin Squares to investigate the effects of replacement of dietary starch with non-forage fibre on productivity, diet digestibility and feeding behaviour. Total-mixed rations consisted of maize silage, grass silage and a soyabean meal-based concentrate mixture, each at 250 g/kg DM, with the remaining 250 g consisting of cracked wheat/soya hulls (SH) in the ratios of 250 : 0, 167 : 83; 83 : 167 and 0 : 250 g, respectively, for treatments SH0, SH83, SH167 and SH250. Starch concentrations were 302, 248, 193 and 140 g/kg DM, and NDF concentrations were 316, 355, 394 and 434 g/kg DM, for treatments SH0, SH83, SH167 and SH250, respectively.Total eating time increased (p < 0.05) as SH inclusion increased, but total rumination time was unaffected. Digestibility of DM, organic matter and starch declined (p < 0.01) as SH inclusion increased, whilst digestibility of NDF and ADF increased (p < 0.01). Dry-matter intake tended to decline with increasing SH, whilst bodyweight, milk yield and fat and lactose concentrations were unaffected by treatment. Milk protein concentration decreased (p < 0.01) as SH level increased. Feed conversion efficiency improved (p < 0.05) as SH inclusion rose, but it was not possible to determine whether this was due to the increased fibre levels alone, or the favourable effect on rumen fermentation of decreasing starch levels.  相似文献   

16.
Biochemical and hematological examination of blood and individual assessment of the birds were performed in Lohman Brown laying hens at 45 weeks of age housed in different systems. The biochemical examination revealed higher (p < .01) corticosterone levels, creatine kinase, and aspartate aminotransferase activity and lower (p < .01) levels of lactate, triglycerides, albumin, calcium, and phosphorus in aviary hens compared to hens housed in furnished cages. Hematological examination of hens housed in aviaries revealed higher (p < .05) hematocrit, leukocytes, heterophils, eosinophils, basophils, monocytes, and H/L ratio. Furthermore, hens housed in aviaries had lower (p < .01) body weight than hens in furnished cages, they were worse feathered (p < .001), had more damaged combs (p < .05), and poorer physical condition (p < .01). In contrast, caged hens showed worse (p < .01) feather condition of the wings due to abrasion and claws due to overgrowth. The results have shown that the housing system has a significant impact on the internal environment and condition of birds and that housing in aviaries without taking into account the specifics of such housing may lead to significant stress and disturbance to the welfare of laying hens.  相似文献   

17.
The objective of this study was to determine the effect of dietary inclusion of benzoic acid on utilization of the macrominerals Ca, P, Mg, K, Na, and Cl in growing pigs. Eighteen barrows, initial BW of 28 ± 1.7 kg, were assigned to 3 diets: a basal diet based on barley, wheat, soybean meal, corn, and field pea and formulated to contain 9.31 MJ NE kg− 1 and 8.84 g− 1 kg standardized ileal digestible lysine, or the basal diet containing 10 or 20 g kg− 1 benzoic acid by replacing tapioca starch. The pigs were fed the experimental diets a rate of 2.7 times the maintenance requirement for ME for 21 days. Faeces and urine were collected quantitatively from days 11 to 21, and blood and plasma was collected on days 1, 10, and 21. On day 21, the pigs were killed and the left femur was removed. Benzoic acid linearly decreased (P = 0.001) the urine pH from 7.32 to 5.32, and quadratically increased (P < 0.05) blood pH on day 21. Benzoic acid linearly increased (P < 0.05) the apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of Ca, P, and Na from 65 to 72%, 46 to 55%, and 78 to 90%, respectively, linearly decreased (P < 0.05) the ATTD of Cl from 94 to 93%, and did not affect the ATTD of Mg and K. Benzoic acid linearly increased (P < 0.05) the retention of Ca, P, and K from 58 to 67%, 46 to 54%, and 31 to 38%, respectively, linearly decreased (P < 0.05) the retention of Na and Cl from 57 to 48% and 75 to 44%, respectively, and did not affect retention of Mg. On day 21, benzoic acid linearly increased (P = 0.001) plasma P and quadratically increased (P < 0.05) plasma K or tended to increase (P = 0.05) plasma Na. Benzoic acid linearly reduced (P < 0.05) the concentration of ash in femur but not the amount of ash, reduced (P < 0.05) the concentration of Ca and Cl in femur ash, and linearly increased (P < 0.05) the concentration of P in femur ash. In summary, benzoic acid increased the utilization of dietary Ca, P, and K, did not affect the utilization of dietary Mg, and reduced the utilization of dietary Na and Cl. During swine feed formulation, effects of benzoic acid on macromineral utilization should be considered to ensure that macromineral requirements are met and not exceeded following benzoic acid supplementation.  相似文献   

18.
The objective of this study was to investigate the pharmacokinetic profile of tildipirosin (TD) in 24 beagle dogs following intravenous (i.v.) and intramuscular (i.m.) administration, respectively, at 2, 4, and 6 mg/kg. Plasma samples at certain time points (0–14 days) were collected, and the concentrations of drug were quantified by UPLC‐MS/MS. Plasma concentration–time data and relevant parameters were described by noncompartmental through WinNonlin 6.4 software. After single i.m. injection at 2, 4, and 6 mg/kg body weight, mean maximum concentration (Cmax) was 412.73 ± 76.01, 1,051 ± 323, and 1,061 ± 352 ng/ml, respectively. Mean time to reach Cmax was 0.36 ± 0.2, 0.08 ± 0.00, and 0.13 ± 0.07 hr after i.m. injection at 2, 4, and 6 mg/kg, respectively. The mean value of T1/2λz for i.m. administration at doses of 2, 4, and 6 mg/kg was 71.39 ± 28.42, 91 .33 ± 50.02, and 96.43 ± 45.02 hr, respectively. The mean residence times were 63.81 ± 10.96, 35.83 ± 15.13, and 38.18 ± 16.77 hr for doses of 2, 4, and 6 mg/kg, respectively. These pharmacokinetic characteristics after i.m. administration indicated that TD could be rapidly distributed into tissues on account of the high lipid solubility and then released into plasma. In addition, the absolute bioavailability of 2 mg/kg after i.m. injection was 112%. No adverse effects were observed after i.v. and i.m. administration.  相似文献   

19.
This study was aimed to address melatonin receptor expression, mRNA level of hypothalamus and hypophysis hormone receptors (GnRHR, FSHR, and LHR), steroidogenesis, cell cycle, apoptosis, and their regulatory factors after addition of melatonin for 24 hr in cultured buffalo granulosa cells (GCs). The results revealed that direct addition of different concentrations of melatonin (100 pM, 1 nM, and 100 nM) resulted in significant upregulation (p < 0.05) of mRNA level of melatonin receptor 1a (MT1) without affecting melatonin receptor 1b (MT2). Melatonin treatment significantly downregulated (p < 0.05) mRNA level of FSH and GnRH receptors, whereas 100 nM dose of melatonin significantly increased mRNA level of LH receptor. Treatment with 100 nM of melatonin significantly decreased the basal progesterone production with significant decrease (p < 0.05) in mRNA levels of StAR and p450ssc, and lower mRNA level of genes (Insig1, Lipe, and Scrab1) that affect cholesterol availability. Melatonin supplementation suppressed apoptosis (100 nM, p < 0.05) and enhanced G2/M phase (1 nM, 100 nM, p < 0.05) of cell cycle progression which was further corroborated by decrease in protein expression of caspase‐3, p21, and p27 and increase in bcl2. Our results demonstrate that melatonin regulates gonadotrophin receptors and ovarian steroidogenesis through MT1. Furthermore, the notion of its incorporation in apoptosis and proliferation of buffalo GCs extends its role in buffalo ovaries.  相似文献   

20.
The present study investigated the effects of Lactobacillus acidophilus (LBA) and mannan-oligosaccharides (MOS) supplementation on the production performance, serum biochemistry, antioxidant profile, health indices, meat quality, and lipid oxidative stability of broiler chicken. A total of 252 commercial broiler chickens at 1 d old of uniform body weight were randomly allocated to 6 maize-soybean-based dietary treatments: T1 (control diet), T2 ( antibiotic bacitracin methylene di-salicylate [BMD] at 20 mg/kg diet), T3 (MOS at 0.1% + LBA at 106 CFU/g feed), T4 (MOS at 0.1% + LBA at 107 CFU/g feed), T5 (MOS at 0.2% + LBA at 106 CFU/g feed), and T6 (MOS at 0.2% + LBA at 107 CFU/g feed). Each treatment was assigned to 6 replicates of 7 birds. The samples for meat quality and serum biochemistry analysis were taken from 12 birds per treatment (2 birds/replicate). The results revealed better (P < 0.01) growth performance and production efficiency of birds fed either T5 or T6 diet compared to control or BMD supplemented diet and BMD-supplemented birds superseded the control birds. Higher (P < 0.01) serum and liver antioxidant enzyme activities, meat antioxidant capacity (2, 2-azinobis-3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid [ABTS] and 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl [DPPH] assays], serum total protein, high-density lipoproteins (HDL) cholesterol (P < 0.05), and globulin levels (P < 0.01) were observed in birds fed either T5 or T6 diet compared to control or BMD supplemented birds, whereas, lower lipid oxidation (P < 0.01), cardiac risk ratio, atherogenic coefficient, atherogenic index of plasma, serum glucose, triglyceride, total cholesterol levels (P < 0.01), and serum albumin-to-globulin ratio (P < 0.05) were observed in the chickens. The pH of meat from birds fed T4, T5 or T6 diet was lower (P < 0.01) compared to control and other treatments. The extract release volume (ERV), water holding capacity (WHC), and protein content of meat were higher (P < 0.05) in birds fed either T5 or T6 diet compared to control or BMD supplemented birds. Thus, it was concluded that the supplementation of 0.2% MOS along with LBA at 106 CFU/g is optimum for better growth performance, serum biochemistry, antioxidant profile, health indices, meat quality, and lipid oxidative stability of broiler chickens.  相似文献   

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