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杂草稻中胚轴伸长动态及其与籽粒淀粉酶活性和可溶性糖含量的关系 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
采用恒温培养箱,在黑暗条件下进行发芽试验,观察杂草稻中胚轴伸长的动态过程,分析杂草稻中胚轴伸长过程中籽粒淀粉酶活性和可溶性糖含量的变化及相互关系。结果表明,黑暗条件下发芽后1d到3d,杂草稻中胚轴伸长非常慢,发芽后4d到5d中胚轴伸长加快,发芽后7天中胚轴伸长逐渐停止,其最终长度显著长于辽粳294。杂草稻发芽过程中,籽粒α-淀粉酶活性、β-淀粉酶活性和可溶性糖含量均呈逐渐上升趋势。可溶性糖含量与α-淀粉酶活性、β-淀粉酶活性均呈极显著正相关。中胚轴伸长长度与籽粒α-淀粉酶活性、β-淀粉酶活性、可溶性糖含量也均呈极显著正相关。杂草稻发芽初期淀粉酶活性增强,促进了籽粒中淀粉水解为可溶性糖,为中胚轴伸长生长提供了物质和能量基础。 相似文献
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BR处理对小麦萌发生长及α—淀粉酶活性的影响 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
研究了不同小麦品种间萌发速率与α－淀粉酶活性的关系和同一品种用植物激素－油菜素内酯浸种后,小麦种子萌发和幼苗生长与α－淀粉酶活性的关系。结果表明,小麦不同品种间种子的发芽速率与α－淀粉酶活性呈正相关;用ＢＲ浸种处理后,小麦种子的发芽率有所提高,小麦种子的萌发速率和萌发期幼苗生长与α－淀粉酶活性呈正相关。 相似文献
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春小麦穗发芽抗性鉴定及机理研究 总被引：13，自引：2，他引：13
对国内外57个春小麦品种（系）开花后不同时期进行穗发芽抗性和α-淀粉酶活性的测定，用改进的凝胶扩散法测定小麦种子α-淀粉酶活性。结果表明，不同春小麦品种的抗穗发育特性及α-淀粉酶活性具有明显差别，来自东北地区的大部分主栽品种的穗发芽抗性中等。总体上，红粒品种的穗发芽抗性比普通白粒品种强，在白粒品种中也存在抗性极强的品种。不同穗型对发芽率的结果影响不大，小麦品种的穗发芽抗性可以用开花后35－40d的籽粒发芽率为指标，不同品种的α-淀粉酶活性物降落值存在显著差异，穗发芽率与种子中α-淀粉酶活性呈显著正相关，与降落值呈显著负相关，开花25－40d期间，穗发芽总体上呈上升趋势,α-淀粉酶有下降趋势，并趋于稳定。 相似文献
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为了解江苏二棱大麦表型性状特征及其相关性,以1989年以来江苏省审定/认定的32份二棱大麦品种(系)为材料,在江苏沿海地区对其3个农艺性状(株高、穗长、穗粒数)、7个籽粒性状(粒长、粒宽、粒厚、长宽比、长厚比、宽厚比、千粒重)和6个品质性状(直链淀粉含量、支链淀粉含量、支链淀粉含量/直链淀粉含量、淀粉含量、蛋白质含量和β-葡聚糖含量)进行分析.结果表明,在农艺、籽粒和品质性状中,籽粒性状的变异系数最小,变化范围为3.91％～9.13％;品质性状的变异系数最高,变化范围为8.56％～36.21％.经相关性分析,同类性状间相关性达到显著水平的较多,而不同类别性状间较少;穗长、穗粒数和籽粒长宽比在不同育种阶段的大麦品种(系)间差异显著.通过综合聚类分析,32份大麦品种(系)被分成三类,三类品种(系)间株高、支链淀粉含量、支链淀粉含量/直链淀粉含量、淀粉含量差异显著. 相似文献
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不同品种小麦种子萌发和幼苗生长对镉胁迫的响应 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
为了明确不同品种小麦种子萌发和幼苗生长对Cd胁迫响应的差异,以对Cd耐性不同的2个小麦品种(丰优2号和丰优9870)为材料,研究了Cd胁迫对小麦种子萌发、幼苗生长、α-淀粉酶和抗氧化酶活性的影响.结果表明,Cd胁迫显著影响了发芽指数、活力指数和根生长,幼苗根和芽要比种子萌发对Cd敏感,根较芽更敏感.随着Cd~(2+)浓度的增加,幼苗根、叶中的MDA含量、G-POD活性明显增加,SOD活性呈现先增加后降低的趋势,而CAT、APX和α-淀粉酶活性呈下降趋势,且Cd~(2+)浓度越高下降幅度越大.两个小麦品种在种子萌发过程中受Cd的毒害程度不同,其中对丰优2号的影响更明显,在较高浓度Cd~(2+)胁迫下,丰优2号的α-淀粉酶、CAT、APX活性明显低于耐Cd品种丰优9870,说明Cd胁迫对前者的毒害更严重. 相似文献
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低温胁迫对玉米种子萌发及淀粉分解酶类活性的影响 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
采用玉米品种郑单958和先玉335为供试材料,研究适温(25℃)和低温(10℃、6℃)胁迫下玉米种子萌发特性及淀粉分解酶(α-淀粉酶、β-淀粉酶、总淀粉酶、淀粉磷酸化酶和淀粉去分支酶)活性的变化,探讨低温胁迫对玉米种子萌发及淀粉分解酶活性的影响。结果表明,大多数淀粉分解酶的活性在适温下随萌发天数先升后降,在低温胁迫下随萌发天数逐渐升高但未达到最适酶活。低温显著抑制玉米种子的发芽率,降低各淀粉分解酶活性,其中,6℃低温处理对两个品种的淀粉分解酶活性的影响最严重,尤其是对郑单958。在各类淀粉分解酶中,淀粉去分支酶活性下降幅度最大(先玉335和郑单958下降幅度最高可达75.5%和83.0%)。低温胁迫对玉米种子萌发和淀粉分解酶活性均有重要影响。 相似文献
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利用糯和非糯籼稻近等基因系原丰早和原丰早糯、珍竹19和珍竹19糯研究了糯质基因wx对籽粒糖类积累和萌发种子淀粉酶活力的影 响。wx使原丰早糯的还原糖和非还原糖分别较原丰早高0.07～2.94和1.04～4.55个百分点，珍竹19糯较珍竹19高 1.01～5.08及1.60～6.59个百分点。相反糯性籽粒发育过程中的淀粉含量分别较非糯籽粒低0.34～5.01及0.72～6.64个百分点。wx自籽粒发育始期就控制合成稳定高比例的支链淀粉。萌发的糯性种子β-淀粉酶和R酶活力较高，而非糯种子α-淀粉酶活力较高。同工酶电泳结果表明wx基因对种子α-淀粉酶带影响较大。外源GA3诱导后，带胚的非糯籽粒α-淀粉酶活力也较强。 相似文献
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Sena L.P. VanderJagt D.J. Rivera C. Tsin A.T.C. Muhamadu I. Mahamadou O. Millson M. Pastuszyn A. Glew R.H. 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》1998,52(1):17-30
In the western Sahel, indigenous plants become important staples when cereal harvests are inadequate to support populations inhabiting that region of Africa. The purpose of this study was to assess the nutrient content of several of these edible wild plants. The leaves of the following seven plant foods were analyzed: Ziziphus mauritiana, Cerathotheca sesamoides, Moringa oleifera, Leptadenia hastata, Hibiscus sabdarifa, Amaranthus viridi, and Adansonia digitata. The fatty acid, vitamin E, carotenoid, selected mineral and amino acid contents of these plant foods were determined. These same analyses were performed on the fruit of the Adansonia digitata. In quantitative and qualitative terms, Amaranthus viridis was found to be an excellent source of protein. Its amino acid composition compared favorably to that of a World Health Organization (WHO) protein standard. It also contained considerable amounts of the two fatty acids that are essential in humans (linoleic and -linolenic) and a number of minerals including iron, magnesium, calcium and zinc. The leaves of Hibiscus sabdarifa contained an appreciable quantity of protein the composition of which was comparable to the WHO standard. The mineral content of the leaves of this plant was also exceptionally high; noteworthy was its high zinc content. H. sabdarifa also contained significant quantities of the two essential fatty acids. Ziziphus mauritiana was an excellent source of the essential fatty acid linoleic acid and several of the metals including iron, calcium, magnesium and zinc. Its content of other essential nutrients, however, was rather low. In general, Adansonia digitata leaves were nutritionally superior to the fruit of the tree; however, the fruit did contain useful quantities of potassium, phosphorus, zinc and -linolenic acid. The Leptadenia hastata leaves were an especially good source of lutein and -carotene. These data should be useful to the people who inhabit the western Sahel in helping them devise healthy diets during times when cereal staples are in short supply. 相似文献
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通过电解质外渗法和匍匐茎恢复试验对‘阳江’狗牙根及其12个通过形态鉴定选出的坪用价值高且花序密度低的诱变后代进行抗寒性鉴定。电解质外渗法结果表明:诱变后代间的抗寒性具有较大差异,其叶片半致死温度(LT50)的变异范围为-7.6～-0.2℃(最低值与最大值相差7.4℃);参试材料抗寒性由强到弱依次为M18>M4>M26>M28> M22>阳江>M29>M31>M10>M37>M16>M1>M25,其中,有5个诱变后代抗寒性优于亲本,分别是M18、M4、M26、M28、M22。匍匐茎恢复实验结果表明:诱变后代M1、M22、M26、M31、M25在0℃和-5℃低温胁迫后的恢复生长率都高于亲本,恢复能力均优于亲本;M10、M37、M28在-5℃低温胁迫下,恢复生长能力低于亲本,抗寒性相对较弱,M16和M4在0℃和-5℃低温胁迫下,恢复生长率都低于亲本,抗寒性明显弱于亲本。综合2种方法鉴定结果显示:诱变后代M1、M25的恢复能力较强;M4、M28的叶片抗寒性较好,青绿期较长;M22、M18、M26的叶片抗寒性和匍匐茎恢复能力均较强;M29,M31的叶片抗寒性和匍匐茎恢复能力与亲本相似;M10、M16、M37的叶片抗寒性和匍匐茎恢复能力均较弱,整体抗寒性较弱。 相似文献
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橡胶树丛枝病病原的抗血清制备与应用 总被引：5，自引：1，他引：4
以感染橡胶树丛枝病病原的长春花为材料,制备得到橡胶丛枝病病原菌抽提液,以抽提液为抗原免疫家兔,制备抗血清,经微量沉淀测定,抗血清效价为１：２０４８。应用橡胶丛枝病抗血清检测橡胶褐皮病,无症苗木检出率达３０％－３７％,可疑的褐皮病树检出率达８５．７％。 相似文献
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R. W. Summers 《Crop Protection》1989,8(6):451-454
One hundred and fifty-six pre-roost gatherings of starlings were observed at 28 sites around a roost in west Norfolk during winter. Pre-roost gatherings occurred more frequently at individual farmyards compared with individual fields, but 82% of the sites where gatherings occurred were on fields. The size of gatherings was greater, the closer to the roost. Birds in pre-roost gatherings on fields of autumn-sown winter wheat spent most of the time feeding and had a diet composed almost exclusively of wheat seeds. Birds in gatherings on grass fields also fed intensively whereas only 31% of birds at farmyards were feeding. The implications that these results have with regard to potential damage to fields of winter wheat and around farmyards are discussed. 相似文献
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以‘福桐’、‘绿桐’2个无性系与10个不同种源的白花泡桐个体为研究对象，采用ISSR分子标记对12份白花泡桐材料的亲缘关系进行研究，并利用DPSv3.01进行聚类分析。结果表明：10条引物共扩增出66条条带，其中有37条多态带，多态性比例为56.1%。根据ISSR聚类分析结果，在遗传距离为0.35时，12份白花泡桐材料可分为5类，第1类为‘福桐’无性系与河南、河北种源个体；第2类为‘绿桐’无性系与湖南、湖北、江苏种源个体；第3类为浙江、广东种源个体；第4类为江西、福建种源个体；第5类为广西种源个体。此结果 相似文献
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Insect pest management is facing the economic and ecological challenge worldwide due to the human and environmental hazards caused by majority of the synthetic pesticide chemicals. Identification of novel effective insecticidal compounds is essential to combat increasing resistance rates. Botanicals containing active insecticidal phytochemicals appear to be promising to address some of these problems. Therefore, there is a continuous need to explore new active molecules with different mechanisms of action. Secondary metabolites present in plants apparently function as defense (toxic), which inhibits reproduction and other processes. The phytochemical biomolecules could be used for maximizing the effectiveness and specificity in future insecticide design with specific or multiple target sites, while ensuring the economic and ecological sustainability. In this article, the current state of knowledge on phytochemical sources and insecticidal activity, their mechanism of action in insects, resistance, and promising advances made in phytochemical research are reviewed. 相似文献
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为深入研究昆虫病原真菌蝉拟青霉疏水蛋白PChyd基因的功能,根据蝉拟青霉基因组信息克隆疏水蛋白PChyd基因,对该基因序列进行生物信息学分析,使用qRT-PCR技术对其在不同培养条件或阶段下的表达模式进行分析,并通过酶切酶连的方法构建了该基因的敲除载体。结果表明：PChyd基因的开放阅读框序列全长303 bp,编码100 aa,包含22 aa的信号肽序列和70 aa疏水蛋白功能区域。系统发育分析显示该基因与粗糙虫草菌亲缘关系最近。qRT-PCR结果显示PChyd基因在PDA培养的菌丝体、诱导的附着胞、诱导的芽生孢子中表达量显著高于另外2个样品,其中芽生孢子表达量最高,暗示该基因在蝉拟青霉侵染初期和在昆虫血腔中定殖阶段可能具有重要作用。凝胶电泳结果表明,成功构建了该基因的敲除载体,扩增出含有上臂、HPH、下臂的3356 bp左右的片段。本研究为进一步探究蝉拟青霉疏水蛋白PChyd基因的致病机理、生防工程菌的改造奠定了基础。 相似文献