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1.
等戛自然保护区森林景观格局分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
在ARCGIS9和FRAGSTAT3.3软件支持下选取以下森林景观格局指标:斑块面积、面积百分率、斑块数、斑块密度、最大斑块指数、形状指数、平均斑块、平均最近距离、面积多样性指数、均匀度指数、蔓延度指数、优势度等来描述等戛自然保护区森林景观格局.结果表明:等戛保护区季风常绿阔叶林、山地雨林和中山湿地常绿阔叶林景观在总体景观中处于主导地位.农地、经济林景观破碎化严重,受人为影响大.等戛保护区森林景观多样性高,景观要素类型较丰富,物种的多样性受到较好的保护.景观类型所占比例差别较大,以中山湿性常绿阔叶林和季风常绿阔叶林景观占优势. 相似文献
2.
湖南省林科院试验林场森林植被景观格局及破碎化分析 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
用1∶5500森林类型图为信息源,以ViewGIS软件为手段,对湖南省林科院试验林场森林植被景观类型斑块的大小、形状、空间特征以及破碎化程度进行了分析.结果表明：林场的森林景观分为15种森林类型,总面积约为3529841.093m2,共有斑块数90个,森林斑块平均面积较小,且以马尾松人工林、樟树人工林、次生常绿阔叶林等为优势类型;各森林景观类型的形状指数较小,说明各森林景观类型的形状偏向于圆形或正方形,其斑块的边界率都较低;不同森林景观类型分维数变化较小,整个林场森林景观斑块数破碎化指数为0.0322,其中樟树人工林、次生常绿阔叶林、马尾松人工林、油茶林的破碎化指数较大. 相似文献
3.
运用景观空间数据分析软件计算相关景观指数,通过穆棱东北红豆杉国家级自然保护区内景观格局总体情况、斑块面积、周长、总数、分维数、破碎化、均匀度及多样性指数等分析,探讨保护区内森林景观空间格局。结果表明：针阔混交林、阔叶混交林、针叶混交林为保护区主要森林景观;景观要素的斑块面积、周长、数量差异极大;亚乔林及低矮阔叶乔木林景观宽块形状最复杂,且破碎化程度较高,针阔混交林景观斑块形状同样较复杂,但破碎化程度低,且成因不同;保护区总体景观多样性程度较低,景观类型分布不均匀,景观异质性较差。 相似文献
4.
对开化县常绿阔叶林、针叶林、常绿落叶阔叶混交林3种不同自然森林植被类型进行演替过程分析研究。结果表明,常绿阔叶林是该地森林植被自然演替的主要发展方向;常绿阔叶林、针叶林、常绿落叶阔叶混交林分别代表了森林植被不同演替类型与动态。结合森林群落类型和生境的异质性、群落树种组成与结构、演替阶段和演替趋势,根据森林植被景观的优美性、多样性等需求,对开化县主要通道两侧的森林植被确定了7类15种目标的森林植被景观改造方案,提出了森林景观优化"主景树种+地带性树种+伴生景观树种"的树种选择模式与营建技术。 相似文献
5.
《林业资源管理》2013,(3):101-105
以冀北山区木兰林管局北沟林场的森林景观为研究对象,在森林景观分类的基础上,计算了森林景观斑块面积、斑块周长、分形维数、景观多样性等特征参数。结果表明:研究区森林景观类型为8类,共235个斑块,斑块总面积为1 634.12hm2,景观斑块分形维数人工华北落叶松林最大(1.990 3),人工针叶混交林最小(1.115 9);景观多样性指数人工针叶混交林最大(8.662 8),天然针叶混交林最小(2.143 2);景观优势度指数天然油松林最大,为0.646 7,人工华北落叶松林最小,为0.108 3;景观均匀度指数人工针叶混交林最大,为0.961 7,天然针叶混交林最小,为0.531 2;斑块密度天然阔叶混交林景观类型最大(0.312 5),天然柞树林最小(0.118 3)。研究结果可以为景观尺度的森林健康近自然经营提供数据支撑。 相似文献
6.
唐家河自然保护区植被景观空间格局分析 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
利用GIS技术和景观分析软件Fragstats,从景观指数方面定量分析了龙门山系唐家河自然保护区植被景观的空间格局特征.结果表明：该保护区植被状况良好,森林景观以阔叶林和针叶林为主,其分布面积占总面积的91.65%;常绿落叶阔叶混交林是整个区域的基质,与针阔混交林、落叶阔叶林和亚高山针叶林一起构成该保护区的4个主要植被景观要素,其它植被类型镶嵌其间;高山灌丛的分布面积最小,斑块数量最少,异质性最低,景观地位最弱.与其它研究区域相比,该保护区的森林植被景观具有类型丰富、多样性高、优势度大、破碎度低的总体植被景观特征. 相似文献
7.
本文以黑龙江省帽儿山林场为研究区域,采用ArcGISIO．0空间分析模块划分该地区集水区的森林,并通过Frag＋stats3．3对帽儿山林场集水区从斑块水平和斑块类型水平上景观格局进行分析。其中,景观格局指标包括：斑块面积、面积比、斑块数、斑块密度、形状指数、分维度等。研究结果表明：软阔混交林是帽儿山林场集水区主要的森林景观类型,是其森林资源的重要组成成分,其次是硬阔混交林,柞树林,白桦林等,景观资源丰富。该地区景观特征的研究为帽儿山集水区森林景观规划、森林景观生态系统优化提供了理论参考,对改善帽儿山集水区地区森林结构、更好地实现森林空间布局的优化配置和发挥森林的生态功能等方面具有重要意义。 相似文献
8.
9.
通过天目山国家级自然保护区30年间的森林景观格局变化分析,对保护区美学质量动态变化特征进行了初步研究,结果表明:1)保护区由常绿阔叶林、落叶阔叶林、针叶林、竹林、水域和其它等6类景观类型组成。阔叶林为优势景观,面积比例维持在80%以上,是形成保护区优美景色的最主要因素。而且该景观类型斑块破碎度低,结合度和聚集度高,具有宏观美。2)常绿阔叶林的面积比例逐年下降,平均斑块面积、结合度和聚集度也随之降低;而落叶阔叶林各指标变化与之相反,并在2004年开始超过了常绿阔叶林成为主导景观类型,丰富了保护区的季相变化,显著提升了秋季美景度。3)竹林面积扩张了近3倍,但是斑块破碎度较高,没有形成壮阔的竹海景观,而且极易入侵阔叶林,造成阔叶林生态系统稳定性和美景度的下降,所以采取人为砍伐对其扩张进行了控制。4)景区道路、旅游基础设施、农家乐等面积增长了50%,由于缺少专业的设计和统一规划,建筑物景观与当地的森林景观没有形成很好的融合,美学质量不高。 相似文献
10.
《中南林业科技大学学报(自然科学版)》2015,(9)
以广东南岭国家级自然保护区森林资源小班数据以及1988、1999和2009年3期遥感影像为基础数据,基于e Cogntion、Arc GIS和IDRISI软件,对保护区各功能区20年间景观格局的动态变化进行定量分析。结果表明:1)各功能区景观以森林为主,其中实验区针叶林和常绿阔叶林约为77%,缓冲区常绿阔叶林约为56%,核心区则以常绿阔叶林为主,约为78%;2)各功能区景观类型斑块面积呈波动趋势,斑块数量、边缘密度和斑块密度增加,景观破碎化程度随时间的推移呈上升趋势;3)各功能区森林景观类型之间转化频繁,非森林景观类型建设用地和水域面积变化明显增加;4)各功能区景观类型最大斑块指数呈波动趋势,景观结构随时间变化更加丰富和复杂;5)研究期间各功能区景观连通性增强,景观多样性基本维持稳定水平,有效维护了生态系统的稳定性。 相似文献
11.
《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(5):427-435
In Scandinavia, moose (Alces alces L.) sometimes cause severe browsing damage to economically-important pine. Moose-vehicle accidents have spurred construction of fences along roads, and these may interfere with moose migration between summer and winter ranges, or the road alone may be a barrier. If this happens and moose build up along roads, landowners may suffer economically. Therefore, this study investigated whether roads, fences or other factors influence the use of young pine stands by moose. Eighty stands along roads in northern Sweden were evaluated in which individually-browsed branches were counted on 9972 pines. Moose browsing was not significantly related to birch (Betula pendula Roth, B. pubescens Ehrh.) density, nor did it differ between pines (Pinus contorta Douglas or P. sylvestris L.). However, increased pine density, site productivity and proximity to a highway were associated with increased browsing. Further large-scale studies are needed to understand moose habitat selection and the effects of roads. 相似文献
12.
《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(3):206-217
The root systems of 2-yr-old Picea glauca, Picea mariana and Pinus banksiana seedlings were submitted to various frost temperatures during an artificial frost to induce different levels of root damage. Frost-damaged and control seedlings were placed in a greenhouse under high and low soil moisture regimes. Seedling growth and physiology were evaluated periodically. Seedling survival was reduced when root damage reached levels of 60-80%. Root systems of all three species showed partial to total recovery by the end of the experiment. In general, root freezing damage caused reductions in seedling growth, with these reductions becoming less significant over time. Root damage had little to no effect on black spruce and jack pine seedling physiology, while white spruce CO 2 uptake decreased with increasing root damage. Shoot nitrogen content of all three species decreased slightly with increasing root damage. 相似文献
13.
Contour hedgerows of multipurpose tree species in the sloping tea lands of Sri Lanka are expected to reduce soil erosion and
also add significant amounts of plant nutrients to the soil via periodic prunings. The objective of this experiment was to characterize the biomass decomposition pattern and quantify the
amount of nutrients added through prunings of six tree species (Calliandra calothyrsus, Senna spectabilis, Euphatorium innulifolium, Flemingia congesta, Gliricidia sepium and Tithonia diversifolia) currently being used in hedgerows associated with tea. Withered leaf and stem prunings (50 g) were enclosed in 2-mm litter
bags, placed at 5-cm depth and retrieved after one, three, six, nine and 12 weeks. Loss of initial dry weight, N, P and K
was measured. Single exponential decay function adequately described both dry weight and nutrient loss. Tree species differed
significantly in their rate of breakdown with decomposition constants (k) varying from 0.0299 to 0.2006 week−1 for leaves and from 0.0225 to 0.0633 week−1 for stems. Gliricidia showed the highest k for leaves with the rest in the following descending order: Senna > Tithonia ≥ Euphatorium > Calliandra > Flemingia. A similar pattern was observed for loss of all nutrients with Calliandra and Flemingia always having lower k values than the rest. Although N immobilization was not observed, immobilization of P and K was observed
during the first week of incubation in some species, particularly in stem prunings. Annual biomass of prunings differed significantly
between tree species in the following descending order: Calliandra > Senna > Flemingia > Tithonia > Gliricidia > Euphatorium. Calliandra added the greatest amount of nutrients annually to the soil with Euphatorium adding the least. Calliandra prunings provided the annual total K requirement and 49% of the N requirement of mature tea. However, none of the species
provided more than 5% of the P requirement. It is concluded that among the tree species tested, Calliandra and Flemingia are the most suitable for contour hedgerows in tea plantations of this agroclimatic region because of their higher soil nutrient
enrichment capacity and slower decomposition rates which would minimize leaching losses.
This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
14.
《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(2):118-130
The effects of seed weight and seed type on seedling growth of Pinus sylvestris (L.) were studied by seeding individually weighed orchard and stand seed in different mixtures under harsh (direct seeding in field) and optimal (seeding in nursery) conditions. In the nursery experiment an increase in the seed weight from 3 to 7 mg increased the seedling height by 10-27% and total weight by 27-113%, and decreased the height/diameter ratio by 5-6% after 2 yrs. With elimination of seed weight effects, orchard seedlings were 2% taller than stand seedlings in year 2. Without elimination of seed weight effects, orchard seedlings were 7-13% taller. In the field experiment an increase in the seed weight from 3 to 7 mg increased seedling height by 18-65%, stem volume by 81-274% and the number of top-buds by 23-34% in year 5. After elimination of seed weight effects, orchard seedlings were 7-13% taller than stand seedlings and without elimination of seed weight effects 20-21% taller after 5 yrs. Even after elimination of both seed weight and genetic effects orchard seedlings were 3-9% larger than stand seedlings in the field experiment. In conclusion, the influence of seed weight and seed type on growth traits and slenderness is highly significant and the influence seems to be greater in harsh conditions. 相似文献
15.
Steven Maranz Amadou Niang Antoine Kalinganire Djeneba Konaté Bocary Kaya 《Agroforestry Systems》2008,72(3):231-239
Baobab leaves form an important part of the local diet in Sahel countries and elsewhere in Africa. Existing leaf nutritional
data and agroforestry performance information are based solely on Adansonia digitata L., the baobab of continental Africa. The introduction potential of Adansonia species from the center of diversity in Madagascar and from Australia remains untapped. To assess this potential, the mineral
contents and B1 and B2 vitamin levels of dried baobab leaves were determined for five-year old trees of A. digitata, A. gibbosa (A. Cunn.) Guymer ex D. Baum, A. rubrostipa Jum. & H. Perrier (syn. A. fony Baill.), A. perrieri Capuron and A. za Baill. grown in an introduction trial in Mali. Nutritional data were evaluated against survival and vigor to identify promising
germplasm. Leaf vitamin and crude protein contents were highest in the Madagascar species, especially A. rubrostipa (B1 88 mg 100 g−1, B2 187 mg 100 g−1, protein 20.7% dry weight). However, the local species far outperformed the introductions in survival, tree height, basal
diameter and resistance to termites. We suggest grafting as a way of harnessing the vigor of well-adapted local baobab varieties
to the superior nutritional profiles of A. rubrostipa and others. Cross-species grafting tests in Adansonia were successful, thus creating new agroforestry possibilities with different scion/rootstock combinations. 相似文献
16.
《Wood material science & engineering》2013,8(2):76-84
Abstract Wood in general and wooden studs in particular are often distorted owing to uneven shrinkage during the drying process in the sawmill. Twist is often the most detrimental of all types of distortion, and it is caused by spiral grain in combination with variations in moisture content. For sawmills, the objective is to produce dried, straight boards, and one method of dealing with boards with excessive spiral grain is to sort them out and then dry them in a pretwisted position to obtain straight boards after drying. A model using the finite element (FE) method for the simulation of drying twist distortions was first calibrated against laboratory experiments in which boards were dried with and without restraints and pretwists. After the calibration, the FE results were compared with industrial test results for boards that were dried without restraints or with restraints with zero pretwist, i.e. straight restraints. The FE model used an elastic–ideally plastic material model to obtain permanent deformations. The calibration was to set the yield stresses so that there was a good match between FE results and results from the laboratory experiments. The comparison between the industrial test results and the FE results showed that the FE model is capable of realistic simulations of drying boards with and without restraints and presumably also pretwists. 相似文献
17.
Astra Zaluma Lauma Bruna Darta Klavina Natalija Burnevica Kristine Kenigsvalde Andis Lazdins Talis Gaitnieks 《Forest Pathology》2019,49(6)
Heterobasidion parviporum and Heterobasidion annosum are widely distributed root‐rot fungi that infect conifers throughout Europe. Infection of conifer stumps by spores of these pathogens can be controlled by treating fresh stumps with a competing non‐pathogenic fungus, Phlebiopsis gigantea. In this study, growth of three Latvian strains of P. gigantea and the biological control agent ‘Rotstop’ strain was evaluated in stem pieces of Norway spruce, Scots pine, lodgepole pine, Douglas‐fir, Weymouth pine, Siberian larch and Sitka spruce. The growth rates of one H. parviporum and one H. annosum isolate were also measured in the same stem pieces. The growth rate of P. gigantea varied greatly in wood of different conifer species. It was higher in the three pine species, lower in Norway spruce and lowest in Sitka spruce and Siberian larch, and in Douglas‐fir, this fungus did not grow. The largest area of wood occupied by P. gigantea was in lodgepole pine. Growth of Latvian isolates of P. gigantea in the wood of Pinus and Picea species was comparable to that of the Rotstop isolate. Consequently, stump treatment with local P. gigantea isolates should be recommended. However, our results suggest that Douglas‐fir stump treatment against Heterobasidion by P. gigantea may be ineffective and other stump treatment methods should be considered. 相似文献
18.
《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(1):53-61
This study investigated the stand structure in pine, spruce and deciduous forests in the border district of Finland and Russia. A total of 46 mature forest stands was selected as pairs, the members of each pair being as similar as possible with respect to their forest site type, age, moisture and topography. The stands were then compared between the two countries by means of basal areas and number of stems. The proportions of dominating tree species were 2-12% lower, and correspondingly the proportions of secondary tree species higher, in Russian forests. The density of the forest stock was also higher in each forest type in Russia. The forests in the two countries differed most radically in terms of the abundance of dead trees. The amount was two to four times higher in Russian deciduous and spruce forests, and in pine forests the difference was 10-fold. The stand structures indicated that Russian coniferous stands, in particular, were more heterogeneous than intensively managed pine and spruce stands in Finland. 相似文献
19.
《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(1):15-27
The root collar diameter and the height:diameter ratio are of particular importance in container-grown seedlings where a high density in the containers may produce spindly seedlings. Temperature regimes and light quality are known to affect plant growth. The aim of this study was to identify responses in Picea abies (L.) Karst. seedlings grown with light providing different red:far-red ratios and under temperature regimes with alternating day (DT) and night temperature (NT) from negative (DT < NT) to positive (DT > NT) difference (DIF) between DT and NT. Experiments were conducted in controlled environment chambers and in a daylight phytotron. Only limited thermoperiodic responses appeared in P . abies seedlings with respect to seedling height and dry weight accumulation. The formation of terminal buds, however, was clearly delayed in seedlings grown at negative DIF. The results indicate a requirement for day extension light that is high in far-red, to prevent terminal bud formation under natural short-day conditions. An extended study should be conducted to clarify the minimum level of light intensity and the optimal light quality needed to prevent terminal bud formation under natural short-day conditions. 相似文献
20.
本文分析了CAD在设计中引起的正面和负面影响,并进行了系统的阐述,从而使设计者在应用中能够保持客观的态度。 相似文献