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基质配方和灌溉方式对生菜根系和产量的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为筛选高产的生菜栽培基质配方及配套灌溉方式,根据滴灌和微喷灌水分在基质中的分布特点,研究了4种有机基质和2种灌溉方式下生菜产量和根长密度分布状况,分析了在滴灌和微喷灌条件下生菜根长密度剖面相对分布的异同,提出了生菜根长密度垂向分布模型及生菜产量和根长密度的关系模型。结果表明:滴灌处理在12 cm以下基质层含水率明显高于上层基质,微喷灌处理基质水分主要集中在15 cm以上基质层且水分分布较均匀。复配基质栽培生菜的根长密度比纯醋糟基质高27%,且在剖面的垂直分布随深度增加而递减;微喷灌下生菜根系集中于表层(0~6 cm),占71%以上,较滴灌有上移现象。复配基质栽培生菜产量比纯醋糟基质高10%。灌溉方式对生菜产量影响具有季节性,春季滴灌的生菜产量比微喷灌高22%以上,夏季滴灌的生菜产量比微喷灌低11%。选用复配基质进行栽培,春、夏季分别采用滴灌和微喷灌的方式最有利于生菜高产和根系的生长。 相似文献
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为提高大白菜生产效益，以微灌、滴灌、喷灌３种灌溉方法，对大白菜进行试验对比，结果表明，用微灌方法进行灌溉，在节水、增产、改善农田生态环境等方面都优于滴灌与畦灌。 相似文献
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<正> 畦灌是应用最广泛的地面灌溉方法,在发展中国家畦灌比喷灌、滴灌和沟灌更为常见。在美国和澳大利亚,由于激光整地技术的应用,土地平整度提高,畦灌方法也因而再度流行起来,现在使用少量劳动力可以使大畦田得到高质量的灌溉。 在发展中国家由于条件所限,实际上还没有大畦田灌溉。然而在这些国家,灌溉畦完全可以做得比现在使用的小畦大得多,而且能获得更好的灌溉效果。 要获得较好的畦灌设计与管理,必须对灌溉过程有一个好的理解和洞察,然而这个过程及其最后灌溉结果是十分复杂的。比如入渗深度就取决于畦田规格(长、宽),灌溉水量、灌溉时间、土壤入渗性质与地面流动阻力等参数。 相似文献
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不同灌溉水源及方式对玉米生长特性及水肥利用效率的影响 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
【目的】探求河套灌区不同灌溉水源及方式对玉米生长特性及水肥利用效率的定量影响。【方法】试验设置地下水畦灌(J)、黄河水畦灌(H)和地下水滴灌(D)2种灌溉水源及3种灌溉方式,对比分析了不同灌溉水源及方式对玉米生长特性及水肥利用效率的影响。【结果】滴灌能显著促进玉米对氮肥的利用效率以及玉米生长,增加玉米籽粒产量。滴灌处理玉米产量较黄河水畦灌、地下水畦灌分别提高8%~15%和10%~15%(P0.05);滴灌处理作物水分利用效率较黄河水畦灌、地下水畦灌分别提高36.7%~57.6%和44.4%~66.7%,黄河水畦灌较地下水畦灌分别提高5.6%、17.3%(P0.05);滴灌处理氮肥偏生产力较黄河水畦灌和地下水畦灌提高117%~131%、120%~131%(P0.05)。【结论】膜下滴灌可以明显提高玉米水分利用效率,促进植株生长和产量增加,是目前适宜于河套灌区玉米灌溉的节水方式之一。 相似文献
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微喷灌是目前梨园较好的节水灌溉方式,它弥补和克服了滴灌和灌在果园应用中的许多弊病,节水试验表明微喷灌在节水,改善土壤处理性质,枝叶、树冠、根系发育以及产量和单果重等都优于管畦灌和传统浸灌。 相似文献
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软管节水灌溉技术的推广应用钟山县农机推广站刘碧珍软管灌溉技术即是用定位或移动式灌水机械和移动式灌水软管、管道代替田间的灌水渠，完成水旱田的畦灌、沟灌和淹灌，并可与喷灌和滴灌装置配套完成喷灌和滴灌的一项节水新技术。它具有输水速度快、水量损失少、省地、便... 相似文献
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不同灌溉技术条件对冬小麦生产的影响 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
为了研究并得到3种不同灌溉技术（滴灌、喷灌、漫灌）对冬小麦产量及其构成的影响,在中国农业大学吴桥实验站设计了滴灌、喷灌、漫灌的大田试验.3种灌溉技术条件下,其灌溉总量相同,漫灌和喷灌采用浇底墒水加浇两水,滴灌采用浇底墒水加浇四水的方式;从冬小麦整个生长期内的作物高度、叶面积指数、籽粒重等指标,考察不同灌溉技术对冬小麦生产及其构成的影响.结果表明：滴灌条件下,表层含水量下降速度最小,整个生长期,含水量高于喷灌和漫灌;滴灌处理的叶面积指数最高,其次是喷灌;在成熟期,滴灌条件下,作物高度比漫灌高12%,比喷灌高5%;滴灌和喷灌的条件下产量分别比漫灌高8.63%,7.75%;滴灌、喷灌、漫灌的籽粒千粒重分别为43.36,42.17和41.17 g,滴灌和喷灌籽粒重明显高于漫灌,且生物量分别比漫灌提高了6.9%,3%.这说明3种灌溉技术中,滴灌技术最有利于实现节水保墒、小麦增产,其次是喷灌. 相似文献
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The 2-year field experiments were carried out to research the effect of different irrigation methods, namely border irrigation,
sprinkler irrigation, and surface drip irrigation, on root development and profile water uptake in winter wheat. Results showed
that the main root distribution zone moved upward under sprinkler and surface drip irrigation when compared to the traditional
border irrigation. Profile root distribution pattern changed with irrigation methods. Soil profile water uptake was correlated
to the root system and soil water dynamics. Due to the appropriate soil water and higher root density in the surface soil
layer under sprinkler and surface drip irrigation, the main water uptake zone was concentrated in the upper layer. Because
of the water deficit in the surface layer under border irrigation, water uptake in 50–100 cm depth was stimulated, which caused
the main uptake zone downward. The amount and pattern of root water uptake varied with irrigation methods. This may provide
valuable information on the aspect of agricultural management. 相似文献
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西北干旱区滴灌棉田膜间土壤蒸发试验研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
膜间土壤蒸发是覆膜棉田水分消耗的主要组成部分,在干旱少雨的新疆石河子利用微型蒸渗仪观测了地下滴灌和膜下滴灌条件下,覆膜棉田膜间土壤水分蒸发,并对膜间不同位置处的土壤蒸发规律进行了试验研究,研究结果表明,滴灌条件下膜间土壤水分蒸发分别与气温、辐射、饱和水汽差以及相对湿度呈指数相关关系,与参考作物需水量呈线型相关关系,与表层土壤含水率呈指数关系;膜间土壤累积蒸发量在苗期最高、其次是花铃期、吐絮期最小;膜下滴灌条件下膜边土壤的蒸发量高于膜间（两条膜正中间的裸地）蒸发量;地下滴灌条件下,错位种植会导致灌溉水的无效蒸发,不利于灌溉水的高效利用。 相似文献
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Comparison of different irrigation methods based on the parametric evaluation approach in Dosalegh plain: Iran 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Mohammad Albaji Ali Shahnazari Saeed BoroomandNasab 《Agricultural Water Management》2010,97(7):1093-1098
Declining water resources and limited clean water reservoirs call for more efficient water use for food production in the future. The objective of this research was to compare different irrigation methods based on a parametric evaluation system in an area of 60,000 ha in the Dosalegh plain of the Khuzestan province, in the southwest of Iran. After the soil properties were analyzed and evaluated, suitability maps were generated for surface, sprinkler and drip irrigation methods, using Remote Sensing (RS) techniques and Geographic Information System (GIS). The results demonstrated that by applying sprinkler and drip irrigation instead of surface irrigation method, the land suitability of 23,790 and 33,261 ha (39.89%) in the Dosalegh plain will improve, respectively. The comparison of the different types of irrigation techniques revealed that the drip and sprinkler irrigations methods were more effective and efficient than that of surface irrigation for improved land productivity. However, the main limiting factor in using either surface or/and sprinkler irrigation methods in this area were soil texture, salinity, and slope, and the main limiting factor in using drip irrigation methods were the calcium carbonate content, soil texture and salinity. 相似文献
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《Agricultural Water Management》2002,54(1):1-15
In general, cotton is irrigated by surface methods in Turkey although sprinkler and drip irrigation have been suggested as a means of supplying most types of crops with frequent and uniform applications of water, adaptable over a wide range of topographic and soil conditions. Recently, sprinkler irrigation systems have been introduced for cotton as a result of increased pressure to develop new irrigation technology suited to limited water supply as well as to specific topographic and soil conditions. In this study, the effects of three different irrigation methods (furrow, sprinkler and drip) on seed-cotton yield, shedding ratio and certain yield components are presented. The research was carried out in The Southeastern Anatolia Region (GAP) of Turkey from 1991 to 1994. The maximum cotton yields were 4380, 3630 and 3380 kg/ha for drip, furrow and sprinkler irrigation, respectively. Drip irrigation produced 21% more seed-cotton than the furrow method and 30% more than the sprinkler method. Water use efficiencies (WUE) proved to be 4.87, 3.87 and 2.36 kg/ha/mm for drip, furrow and sprinkler, respectively. Shedding ratios ranged from 50.8 to 59.0% (furrow), 52.9 to 64.8% (sprinkler), 50.8 to 56.8% (drip), depending on the amount of water applied. The shedding ratio for sprinkler irrigation was significantly higher than that of either furrow (P=0.10) or drip irrigation (P=0.05), resulting in lower seed-cotton yield for sprinkler irrigation. For all methods, a quadratic relationship was found between the amount of water applied and shedding ratios, with the least shedding occurring between 1000 and 1500 mm of water. Both limited and over-irrigation increased the shedding ratio for all methods. Accordingly, a lower boll number per plant and a lower seed-cotton yield were obtained from sprinkler-irrigated cotton; a significantly decreasing linear relationship between the shedding ratio and the total cotton yield and boll number per plant. 相似文献
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地下滴灌对草坪土壤水分及根系分布的影响 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
以滴头、滴灌毛管二种地下滴灌灌水器为研究对象,通过田间对比试验,探讨了地下滴灌条件下的土壤含水率、草坪根系空间分布规律。结果表明,滴灌毛管在水平方向的土壤含水率差异显著,而滴头在垂直方向的土壤含水率差异显著。说明以滴头灌溉水平方向土壤含水率水平方向分布偏差小、灌溉均匀性高,而滴灌毛管则适合深层灌溉。在此基础上,结合草坪根系空间分布规律,初步确定了在滴头、滴灌毛管2种灌水器中,滴头灌溉更适合城市绿地草坪,也为草坪地下滴灌技术应用提供了参考依据。 相似文献
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为探究不同节水灌溉模式对白茶品质及茶园土壤重金属含量的影响,设计不同灌溉方式(喷灌和滴灌)和不同土壤水分控制下限(65%、75%和85%),观测白茶水浸出物、游离氨基酸、茶多酚、儿茶素等品质指标及茶园土壤铬、砷、镉、汞、铜和铅含量,同时引入投影寻踪分类模型,基于高优白茶品质和低重金属残留对节水灌溉模式进行综合评价。结果表明:喷灌处理对白茶品质形成的促进效果优于滴灌,以75%控水下限的白茶品质最佳;但在相同控水条件下,滴灌在剖面尺度上对重金属的消减效果强于喷灌;投影寻踪分类模型分析结果表明,滴灌65%控水下限和喷灌75%控水下限的综合评价结果较优,其中喷灌75%控水下限节水灌溉方案的投影值达到1.821,该灌溉模式下白茶水浸出物、游离氨基酸、茶多酚和儿茶素含量分别为47.6%、6.66%、14.2%和12.5%,主根区土层(20~40 cm)六种重金属离子总体呈降低趋势。 相似文献
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大田滴灌条件下土壤水分运移规律的试验研究 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
研究了大田滴灌条件下,不同灌水量、不同滴头流量以及不同的土壤剖面容重条件下水分在土壤中的迁移规律。结果表明:在大田滴灌条件下,地表沿滴头土壤湿润锋基本呈圆形分布,在一定灌水量和滴灌流量条件下,土壤垂直湿润锋明显地大于水平湿润锋,且随着灌水量的增加呈线性关系;在同一灌水量下,随着滴头流量的增大,湿润体水平扩散半径(r)和竖直入渗深度(h)也相应变大;在不同灌水量下,湿润体水平和竖直湿润速度随着时间的增大都逐渐变小;随着剖面土壤容重的增加,水平湿润锋的迁移加快,水平湿润锋随时间的变化呈显著的幂函数关系;随着灌水量的增加,不同剖面容重下的土壤水平湿润锋速率的增加逐渐变小,而垂直湿润锋则呈变大的趋势。 相似文献
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不同节水灌溉技术的节水机理试验研究 总被引：5，自引：1，他引：5
根据甘肃省特殊自然地理条件，对于喷灌、滴灌、渗灌及波涌灌几种方式下，小麦和玉米两种作物的灌溉节水机理进行了对比试验研究，分析了不同节水灌溉方式下这两种作物的节水性和生育动态。试验结果表明，在降雨、灌溉水量和前期土壤特性一定的情况下，在喷灌、滴灌、渗灌及波涌灌几种节水灌溉技术中，渗灌的节水性最好，依次为滴灌、喷灌、波涌灌。小麦和玉米在渗灌条件下产量比滴灌、喷灌和波涌灌都高，小麦渗灌产量比滴灌增加7．6％，比喷灌增加13．1％，比波涌灌增加22．4％。玉米渗灌产量比滴灌增加1．3％．比喷道增加6．3％。 相似文献