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非淀粉多糖酶在仔猪高次粉饲粮中的应用研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
选择72头体质量为18kg左右的杜×长×大三元杂交猪,按饲养试验要求随机分成3组,每组3个重复,每个重复8头,母猪与去势公猪各半。其中对照组饲喂玉米饲粮,试验1组和2组分别饲喂0和0.15%NSP酶的高次粉饲粮。试验结果表明,次粉取代部分玉米,仔猪日增质量和采食量均下降,但差异不显著;料重比提高了4.68%,每千克增质量饲料成本降低了3.50%;仔猪肝脏相对质量降低了11.36%,胃、肠和胰的相对质量分别提高了10.81%、8.26%和5.88%,对心脏和肾脏无显著影响;对血钙、血磷、尿素氮和谷丙转氨酶(GPT)无显著影响;血糖、总蛋白、谷草转氨酶(GOT)、生长激素(GH)和胰岛素分别下降了8.81%、11.49%、35.84%、19.75%和12.74%。试验2组与对照组相比,日增质量和采食量分别提高了6.76%和2.22%;料重比降低了4.26%,每千克增质量饲料成本降低10.50%;总蛋白和GH分别提高了13.76%和24.69%,血糖、GPT和胰岛素略有上升,但差异不显著;血钙,血磷、尿素氮和GOT分别下降了7.45%、12.50%、14.26%和37.14%,内脏相对质量无显著变化。在高次粉饲粮中添加NSP酶显著改善了仔猪的生长性能,日增质量和采食量分别提高了15.26%和5.34%;料重比下降了8.54%;仔猪胃、胰脏和小肠的相对质量分别降低了8.54%、11.11%和8.47%,肝脏的相对质量提高了14.87%,对心脏和肾脏的相对质量无显著影响;同时,血液中的血糖、总蛋白、GH和胰岛素的含量升高了13.28%、28.52%、55.38%和21.19%,GPT虽有所上升,但差异不显著;血钙、血磷、尿素氮和GOT分别下降了4.49%、10.85%、17.45%和2.03%。 相似文献
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本研究采用室内盆栽实验,探讨了一种由适量的氮、磷和钠等元素组成的钠复合肥对多浆旱生植物霸王幼苗生长及抗旱性的影响。结果表明,干旱胁迫下施钠复合肥后,与对照和磷酸二铵肥相比,霸王幼苗的株高增加了30%和12%、叶面积增加了97%和40%、叶相对有机干重增加了10%和7%、叶干重增加了57%和38%、叶含水量增加了347%和55%,净光合速率增加了145%和24%、PSⅡ原初光能转换效率增加了6%和4%、电子传递速率增加了16%和8%、量子产额增加了14%和5%,而叶MDA含量下降了58%和18%、相对质膜透性下降了50%和26%。另外,与对照相比,施钠复合肥后霸王幼苗水分利用效率提高了4%。这些结果说明,钠复合肥能够促进干旱胁迫下霸王幼苗的生长、提高其抗旱性,并且效果优于磷酸二铵肥。 相似文献
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新疆乳品加工业发展现状和干乳制品开发 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
本文分析了新疆乳品加工业发展现状和存在的主要问题,并从产品定位和结构调整的角度对干乳制品的生产和研发进行了探讨;分别介绍了乳粉和配方乳粉、干酪、干酪素、乳清粉和乳清蛋白、牛初乳粉以及驴乳粉的化学成分、营养价值、生产开发现状和发展前景。 相似文献
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安徽省固镇县养猪业的现状与发展对策 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
介绍了安徽省固镇县养猪业的现状和存在的问题,提出了该县养猪业的发展策略、目标及思路,规划了养猪产业的区域布局。明确了固镇县养猪业的主攻方向和发展重点是:加大畜牧业全民创业和招商引资力度、将养殖业用地列入规划、实行积极的货币政策、大力发展各种类型的养猪合作社和养猪协会、建立完善的技术服务体系等。 相似文献
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为了降低饼粕原料中抗营养因子的含量,同时提高其小肽的含量,我们利用黑水虻幼虫分别处理未发酵与发酵的豆粕、棉籽粕和菜籽粕,并对结果进行单因素方差分析。研究发现:与空白豆粕组相比,添加了200只黑水虻幼虫的发酵豆粕中的胰蛋白酶抑制因子、β-伴大豆球蛋白、总戊聚糖和植酸的含量分别下降了63%、59%、4%和63%,而小肽和粗蛋白的含量分别增加了657%和2%;添加了200只黑水虻幼虫的发酵棉籽粕中粗蛋白和小肽的含量分别增加了11%和630%,植酸、单宁和游离棉酚的含量分别下降了87%、30%和81%;添加了200只黑水虻的发酵菜籽粕中粗蛋白和小肽含量分别增加3%和468%,植酸、单宁、噁唑烷硫酮的含量分别下降98%、50%和99%。同时,在发酵饼粕(豆粕、棉籽粕和菜籽粕)中加入黑水虻幼虫处理后,样品的平均重量分别降低了0.81 g/50 g、1.5 g/50 g和3.8 g/50 g。 相似文献
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为保护人类和动物健康,促进畜牧业的健康发展,我国出台了一系列法律法规和养殖、防疫、检疫、饲料、兽药、畜产品安全标准,各级畜牧兽医主管部门也加强了行业监管力度,实施行业准入和从业人员资格准入,使广大饲料、兽药生产经营者和养殖场户法律意识和食品安全意识有了较大提高。 相似文献
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中医药学和动物营养学理论在饲料添加剂生产应用中若干问题的讨论 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
随着人们对畜产品安全意识的不断加强,饲用抗生素与部分化学药物添加剂被禁用已成必然趋势。中草药素有“绿色药物”之称谓,我国政府也在积极推进中药现代化。在这种科技发展形势下,如何在饲料添加剂研究与中医药学的交叉中寻求切入点是一个新的课题。本文从中医理论与现代动物营养学的基本概念与特点出发,结合我国中药资源的现状,就中医药学与动物营养学在学科结合中的问题进行了探讨。 相似文献
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Charlotte Means 《Veterinary Clinics of North America: Small Animal Practice》2002,32(2):367-382
One of the most important considerations in treating herbal ingestions is product quality assurance. Although most herbal companies are reputable, there are numerous reports of adulterated products (addition of substances not noted on the label). This has been particularly true of Chinese herbal products, which frequently contain pharmaceutical agents. Plant identification errors occur, and entire batches of product have been mixed using the wrong herb. In some cases, labels are written in a foreign language or only contain directions for mixing, making interpretation difficult. In cases where a known ingestion produces unexpected clinical signs, the potential for adulteration or other errors should be considered. When a product is not standardized, a consumer cannot be sure what dose of active constituents has been used or how bioavailable the product may be. Standardization also provides assurance that the actual herb is in the product [26]. Clients who use herbal products should be advised to treat them as a medication and to keep them away from pets. Specifically, ask clients if they take or use any natural or herbal products. Many people do not consider these substances drugs or assume, "If natural, it is harmless." Clients should be encouraged to learn about the herbal and neutraceutical products they are taking or giving their pets. Owners need to discuss the proper use of herbal products in pets with their veterinarian. Clients can be encouraged to discuss alternative therapies by discussing a pet's diagnosis and suggested treatments thoroughly. Discuss the client's expectations and opinions of alternative and conventional medicine. Issues of safety and efficacy must be fully explained to clients. Clients should be encouraged to report potential adverse reactions or to discuss different routes of therapy if a pet's medical condition is not improving. Clients who want to use alternative medical treatments should obtain a thorough medical workup so as to make a correct diagnosis and be referred to a veterinarian trained in alternative medicine. In choosing an alternative medicine practitioner, the same criteria would be used as for any other specialist: education, training, and professionalism [14]. 相似文献
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Masika PJ van Averbeke W Sonandi A 《Journal of the South African Veterinary Association》2000,71(2):87-91
The use of herbal remedies by African farmers in the treatment of livestock diseases was investigated using a range of methods, including group interviews, structured interviews, semi-structured interviews and participant observation. The study was concerned mainly with the 'why' and 'how' of herbal remedy use among African livestock holders farming on communally-owned land in central Eastern Cape Province. We found that the use of herbal remedies was still widespread because these remedies were cheap, locally available and convenient to administer. Farmers also used herbal remedies because they did not have knowledge of conventional remedies or found these too expensive and therefore used herbal remedies as a last resort. Most of the farmers interviewed (73%) had used some form of herbal remedy. A small number of farmers did not use herbal remedies at all. They rejected them because they had bad experiences in the past or because they considered the practice outdated and socially inferior. Often farmers used herbal remedies in combination with conventional ones, but a substantial number relied on herbal remedies only. Farmers obtained herbal remedies principally by preparing their own or by purchasing from herbalists. Different plant parts were used to prepare herbal remedies in the form of infusions, decoctions, powders, pastes, and juices from fresh plant material. Preparations were made from a single plant or from a range of plants. Application of a remedy was by different routes and methods, depending on the perceived cause of the disease condition. Topical applications were used for skin conditions, powders were rubbed into incisions, drenches were common in the treatment of systemic conditions, and drops to treat ears and eyes. We identified several aspects of herbal remedy utilisation that could be subject to improvement, which included the absence of standard dose regimes, the potential toxicity of certain compounds present in plants used, over-exploitation of the plant resource and a lack of interest by the youth to learn the art. 相似文献
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本文介绍了环境胁迫的种类及在胁迫作用下鱼体内的阶段性的生理变化和鱼体内激素含量、血液指标及免疫系统的影响,这些变化和影响将造成鱼体的组织和器官在一定程度的损伤,达到某种程度将直接导致死亡。中草药添加剂可有效调节鱼类机体新陈代谢及抗应激能力。 相似文献
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PJ Waller G Bernes SM Thamsborg A Sukura SH Richter K Ingebrigtsen J H?glund 《Acta veterinaria Scandinavica》2001,42(1):31-44
Preparations derived from plants were the original therapeutic interventions used by man to control diseases (including parasites), both within humans and livestock. Development of herbal products depended upon local botanical flora with the result that different remedies tended to develop in different parts of the world. Nevertheless, in some instances, the same or related plants were used over wide geographic regions, which also was the result of communication and/or the importation of plant material of high repute. Thus, the Nordic countries have an ancient, rich and diverse history of plant derived anthelmintic medications for human and animal use. Although some of the more commonly used herbal de-wormers were derived from imported plants, or their products, many are from endemic plants or those that thrive in the Scandinavian environment. With the advent of the modern chemotherapeutic era, and the discovery, development and marketing of a seemingly unlimited variety of highly efficacious, safe synthetic chemicals with very wide spectra of activities, herbal remedies virtually disappeared from the consciousness--at least in the Western world. This attitude is now rapidly changing. There is a widespread resurgence in natural product medication, driven by major threats posed by multi-resistant pest, or disease, organisms and the diminishing public perceptions that synthetic chemicals are the panacea to health and disease control. This review attempts to provide a comprehensive account of the depth of historical Nordic information available on herbal de-wormers, with emphasis on livestock and to provide some insights on potentially rewarding areas of "re-discovery" and scientific evaluation in this field. 相似文献
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Poppenga RH 《Clinical Techniques in Small Animal Practice》2002,17(1):6-18
The use of herbal remedies for the prevention and treatment of a variety of illnesses in small animals has increased tremendously in recent years. Whereas most herbal remedies, when used as directed and under the supervision of knowledgeable individuals, are safe, the potential for adverse effects or intoxications certainly exists. Due to inherent toxicity, some herbal remedies should not be used under any circumstance. In addition, because nearly all herbal remedies contain multiple, biologically active constituents, interaction with conventional drugs is a concern. It is incumbent upon clinicians to be aware of those herbs that can cause intoxication, and to be cognizant of potential herb-drug interactions. There are a number of evidence-based resources available to assist clinicians in the safe use of herbal remedies. 相似文献
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分两组从母猪产前30 d至断乳进行试验观察。考虑到猪场喂药、产仔、拌料方便,试验组选择53头母猪在产前30 d给怀孕母猪饲喂添加新型中草药制剂(主要含多喂康颗粒Ⅰ型、益母草、鱼腥草);对照组选择42头母猪,根据该场日常饲养状况进行饲养(产前10 d投喂抗生素进行预防性用药)。通过新型中草药制剂喂养试验说明,新型中草药添加剂在产前30 d投喂对提高健仔数、成活率、出生重和断乳重有重要作用,使用新型中草药新制剂作为预防用药与抗生素相比成本降低了,生态效益也得到改善。 相似文献
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Squires S Fisher M Gladstone O Rogerson S Martin P Martin S Lester H Sygall R Underwood N 《Veterinary parasitology》2012,185(2-4):352-354
The efficacy of a commercially available flubendazole-based product and a commercially available herbal product were compared against three species of helminth parasites of chickens: Ascaridia galli, Heterakis gallinarum and Capillaria spp. A total of 48 naturally infected chickens were used in the study with 16 birds in each of three treatment groups (untreated control; flubendazole; and a herbal product). One bird from each treatment group was necropsied on Day 0 prior to first treatment to confirm the parasite species present in the birds. Treatments were administered as labelled and the 45 remaining birds were necropsied on Day 12 and worm counts performed. Average worm counts in the two treated groups were compared to the untreated controls to calculate efficacy. Flubendazole (Group A) achieved an overall efficacy of 99.4% for the three parasite species. The herbal product (Group B) achieved efficacies ranging from less than zero to 11.6% for the three parasites, with worm counts not significantly different to the untreated controls. At present, commercially available herbal products claiming anthelmintic properties do not require licencing as veterinary medicinal products (Directive 2004/28/EC: see Article 17 and 33-38) and thus are not required to meet specific efficacy thresholds. Products which do not appear to deliver acceptable anthelmintic efficacy, are obviously a concern from many aspects but specifically from an animal welfare perspective. 相似文献