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影响柑桔潜叶蛾种群数量动态的气候因子分析及发生量预测 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本文报道借助微型计算机对影响柑桔潜叶蛾种群数量动态的气候因子进行系统定量分析的结果。夏秋季柑桔潜叶蛾的自然死亡率与气候因子（日均气温、日均相对湿度、降雨量）无显著的相关关系，而寄生率则与上述气候因子呈极显著正相关，亦即夏秋季柑桔潜叶蛾的种群数量主要受天敌因素的影响。冬季柑桔潜叶蛾幼虫的自然死亡率与日均气温呈极显著负相关，而与其它气候因子无显著相关关系。以日均卵量、叶均幼虫数、自然死亡率、日均气温和日均相对湿度等为变量，组建了预测下一代（15～17天后）柑桔潜叶蛾卵和幼虫发生量的数学模式。 相似文献
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根据2008～2010年柑橘木虱种群数量消长系统监测,结果表明柑橘木虱种群数量季节性消长规律主要呈三峰型曲线变化,其峰期主要在6月下旬～7月下旬、8月中旬～9月中旬、10月上旬～11月上旬,其年度之间和果园之间总体趋势基本一致,但其峰值峰次差异却较大,主要受初见期、基数和气温等三要素影响所致。并建立柑橘木虱种群时序成若虫数量与当旬旬平均气温关系模型:D=7.075T-81.588(n=108,r=0.3567**)或D=0.6765T2-17.284T+94.257(n=108,r=0.4190**)。应用气温变化模型对柑橘抽梢期柑橘木虱发生趋势预报有较好效果。 相似文献
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果树病虫害防治存在的问题与对策 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
1 不重视病虫发生预测
果园生态系是由许多生物和非生物的成分组成,是动态的。病菌的传播、侵染和害虫的发生期,因受温度、湿度、雨量、光照等气候因子的影响,每年的发生期也都不一致,这就要求果园管理者必须掌握害虫种群密度变化的监测技术,准确适时地采用相应的防治技术。加强病虫发生动态监测,按照病虫发生的经济阈值进行防治。然而,在我国果树病虫害防治工作中,病虫发生动态监测和测报工作,还没有引起果农的足够重视, 相似文献
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《北方园艺》2020,(11)
以梨、苹果、桃等果品种植和生产中的重要害虫梨小食心虫为试材,采用梨园发生动态调查、与环境温度的相关性分析和室内15、20、25、30、35℃温度条件下发育繁殖情况的生物学监测等方法,研究了梨园梨小食心虫发生情况与环境温度的关系,以期为进一步理解温度对梨小食心虫发生动态及发育繁殖的影响,从而为该害虫的准确测报提供参考依据。结果表明:北京地区5—8月上旬和9月下旬至10月上旬,梨园梨小食心虫种群数量与梨园每日最高气温呈显著正相关;7月中旬至9月中旬高温期,梨小食心虫持续高发;室内观察发现,15～25℃条件下,梨小食心虫的发育和繁殖速度与温度呈显著正相关,30℃条件下梨小食心虫发育和繁殖速度最快。由此可见,环境温度变化是影响果园梨小食心虫种群动态的关键生态因子,也是准确测报的重要参考指标。 相似文献
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研究了仿生胶封园对枸杞害虫种群动态的影响,结果表明,初春和秋季采用仿生胶封园,明显推迟了枸杞蚜虫、木虱和瘿螨的发生期,可有效压低枸杞蚜虫、枸杞木虱、枸杞瘿螨等害虫的虫口数,明显降低害虫对枸杞的为害水平,且仿生胶的使用不影响枸杞树萌芽、展叶和果实品质。 相似文献
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为明确南京地区为害蓝莓的果蝇种类及发生动态规律，利用诱集剂连续监测果蝇的年发生动态，同时采用随机抽样法调查了果蝇为害情况。结果显示：南京地区为害蓝莓的果蝇主要有黑腹果蝇Drosophila melanogaster、斑翅果蝇Drosophila suzukii、巴氏果蝇Drosophila busckii、伊米果蝇Drosophila immigrans;在南京地区蓝莓园全年皆有果蝇活动，果蝇种群数量变化呈单峰型，高峰期出现在5—6月，单次最多诱集虫口数量达1 076头/点，7月下旬，果蝇种群数量开始回落，之后持续保持较低的虫口量；蓝莓园果蝇种群数量的自然对数与最高气温、最低气温、平均气温、最高土温、最低土温及平均土温呈极显著正相关，回归分析结果表明，影响果蝇成虫种群数量的关键气象因子为最高气温；蓝莓不同成熟期的虫果率差异显著，虫果率高低按果实成熟期排序为盛熟期>尾果期>始熟期。 相似文献
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研究了4个链格孢菌菌株产生的毒素对月季幼苗伤害作用及对月季长管蚜的影响。结果表明:0845菌株产生毒素伤害活性最强,0309次之,0203伤害活性最小;毒素原液处理幼苗后对月季长管蚜生长和繁殖有抑制作用,7484菌株发酵液处理月季幼苗对蚜虫的抑制活性最高。0393次之,0203最差;受毒素原液处理后的月季材料对蚜虫引诱活性降低。0393处理对蚜虫选择寄主的抑制活性最弱,0845,0203,7484菌株毒素粗提液处理对蚜虫寄主选择抑制活性明显较大,选择毒素处理植物材料的比例明显低于选择健康叶片的比例。 相似文献
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蚜虫对北疆露地甜瓜的危害与防治措施 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
概述了新疆北部地区蚜虫对露地种植甜瓜的危害、分布、发生规律及特点,采用防虫网及相应推迟甜瓜播期的方法能有效防治蚜虫,提出了今后北疆露地种植甜瓜中蚜虫的综合防治技术. 相似文献
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A. R. Jamieson D. L. Moreau S. A. E. Fillmore 《International Journal of Fruit Science》2016,16(4):188-193
ABSTRACTThirty-one strawberry genotypes were evaluated for supporting the reproductive success of the strawberry aphid (Chaetosiphon fragaefolii), a vector of several strawberry viruses. A pure colony of C. fragaefolii was initiated from eggs collected from field strawberry leaves in Fall 2013. In Spring 2014 greenhouse-grown strawberry plants with four to five leaves were placed in screened cages (16 genotypes/cage) and five aphids were placed on each plant. After 30–32 days, the number of aphids in each of four developmental stages was counted on each plant. Total aphid numbers/plant ranged from a mean of 33 on Fragaria chiloensis CFRA 48 (PI 551459) to 279 on F. × ananassa ‘AAC Lila’. Cultivars with relatively low numbers of aphids included ‘Bounty’ (106 aphids), ‘Mira’ (114 aphids), and ‘Annapolis’ (115 aphids). This experiment, part of a larger project on aphids and virus diseases associated with the cultivated strawberry, will inform decisions in the strawberry breeding program. 相似文献
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为大量饲养天敌昆虫,寻找种植寄主植物适宜的方法,研究了蛭石、草碳、珍珠岩、土对蚕豆苗生长的影响以及不同基质种植蚕豆的经济效益.结果表明:单一使用珍珠岩种植蚕豆苗时,由于保水性能差,蚕豆苗的苗高、鲜重均明显低于其他栽培基质,30 d时分别为26.8 cm、148.2 g,差异显著.而单一使用蛭石时,由于缺乏黏结能力,不易固定根系,易倒伏.用蛭石和草碳混配后,再加入少量的土,可改善栽培基质的保水性和疏松性,30 d时苗高和鲜重分别达35.3 cm和185.9 g,生长后期用营养液进行浇灌,可提高蚕豆苗生长势,避免苗高倒伏. 相似文献
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避雨栽培对大棚梨病虫害发生及果实品质的影响 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
以翠冠梨为试材,以避雨期卸掉顶膜作露地栽培为对照,研究避雨栽培对大棚梨果实品质和病虫害发生的影响。结果表明,避雨栽培明显减少大棚梨叶片病害尤其是黑斑病的发生。两种栽培模式的前期(6月29日)病害发生率均很低,发病种类以斑纹病为主。9月13日,避雨栽培的叶片病斑总数比对照减少96.6%,发病种类以灰斑病为主,占病斑总数的70.5%;其次是黑斑病,黑斑病叶片病斑总数比对照减少99.2%。避雨栽培期间,蚜虫的发生量比对照提高了862.1倍,并引发烟煤病。同时,避雨栽培显著减少了翠冠梨锈斑的发生,锈斑指数比对照减少了50.5%～58.2%,可溶性固形物含量比对照减少了0.42～0.71个百分点。在大棚梨的生产上,应优先实行避雨栽培,以减少黑斑病的发生和提高果实品质;对蚜虫及其诱发的烟煤病发生严重的大棚梨园,可采用避雨与露地栽培间隔实施的方法来控制蔓延。 相似文献
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Influence of within-field and landscape factors on aphid predator populations in wheat 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
Elliott Norman C. Kieckhefer Robert W. Lee Jang-Hoon French Bryan W. 《Landscape Ecology》1999,14(3):239-252
The influence of prey density, within-field vegetation, and the composition and patchiness of the surrounding landscape on the abundance of insect predators of cereal aphids was studied in wheat fields in eastern South Dakota, USA. Cereal aphids, aphid predators, and within-field vegetation were sampled in 104 fields over a three year period (1988–1990). The composition and patchiness of the landscape surrounding each field were determined from high altitude aerial photographs. Five landscape variables, aggregated at three spatial scales ranging from 2.6 km2 to 581 km2, were measured from aerial photographs. Regression models incorporating within-field and landscape variables accounted for 27–49% of the variance in aphid predator abundance in wheat fields. Aphid predator species richness and species diversity were also related to within-field and landscape variables. Some predators were strongly influenced by variability in the composition and patchiness of the landscape surrounding a field at a particular spatial scale while others responded to variability at all scales. Overall, predator abundance, species richness, and species diversity increased with increasing vegetational diversity in wheat fields and with increasing amounts of non-cultivated lands and increasing patchiness in the surrounding landscape. 相似文献
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For weak flying insects feeding on two different host plants during their life cycle, such as gall-inducing aphids, patch
and matrix characteristics may play a critical role in patch occupancy and population size in occupied patches. The aims of
the present study were to define the basic patch size of Baizongia pistaciae (L) (Aphididae, Fordini), an aphid inducing galls on Pistacia palaestina Boiss (Anacardiaceae) using a genetic approach, and to estimate the impact of landscape structure and patch quality on patch
occupancy and gall density on occupied trees of this aphid and four other closely related species. Using 42 genetic markers
detected by RAPD-PCR in 117 clones of the galling aphid Baizongia pistaciae, we calculated Wright's F statistics and estimated the number of winged migrants between demes. We found that host trees at least 150 m apart supported
genetically differentiated demes of B. pistaciae, and formed distinct patches. Since the annual cycle of this aphid involves alternation between two different hosts, P. palaestina trees and Poaceae roots, patch – the smallest area that sustains a deme – is a relatively small area that must be composed
of at least a single P. palaestina tree and nearby secondary hosts. To assess the impact of landscape structure and patch quality on patch occupancy and gall
abundance in occupied patches, two field surveys of P. palaestina trees in natural Mediterranean maquis were performed. Among the five species of gall-inducing aphids found, B. pistaciae was the most abundant of those surveyed. Host trees were occupied more often in the ecotone, the transition zone between
Mediterranean closed maquis and open bata, than in the maquis. Mature and old trees were more often occupied than young ones,
and shrubs more often than tree-like plants. There was no difference in the proportion of occupied trees between isolated
host trees or those growing in groups. Species richness showed similar trends. We also found no significant differences in
gall abundance in occupied trees among tree quality categories, except that trees growing in the ecotone tended to carry more
galls than those growing in the maquis. In conclusion, the best patch of gall-inducing aphids seems to be a small area, composed
of an old shrub of P. palaestina standing in an open landscape with nearby secondary hosts, grass roots, available for colonization by winged migrants. 相似文献
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ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: Phloem-feeding insects are among the most devastating pests worldwide. They not only cause damage by feeding from the phloem, thereby depleting the plant from photo-assimilates, but also by vectoring viruses. Until now, the main way to prevent such problems is the frequent use of insecticides. Applying resistant varieties would be a more environmental friendly and sustainable solution. For this, resistant sources need to be identified first. Up to now there were no methods suitable for high throughput phenotyping of plant germplasm to identify sources of resistance towards phloem-feeding insects. RESULTS: In this paper we present a high throughput screening system to identify plants with an increased resistance against aphids. Its versatility is demonstrated using an Arabidopsis thaliana activation tag mutant line collection. This system consists of the green peach aphid Myzus persicae (Sulzer) and the circulative virus Turnip yellows virus (TuYV). In an initial screening, with one plant representing one mutant line, 13 virus-free mutant lines were identified by ELISA. Using seeds produced from these lines, the putative candidates were re-evaluated and characterized, resulting in nine lines with increased resistance towards the aphid. CONCLUSIONS: This M. persicae-TuYV screening system is an efficient, reliable and quick procedure to identify among thousands of mutated lines those resistant to aphids. In our study, nine mutant lines with increased resistance against the aphid were selected among 5160 mutant lines in just 5 months by one person. The system can be extended to other phloem-feeding insects and circulative viruses to identify insect resistant sources from several collections, including for example genebanks and artificially prepared mutant collections. 相似文献