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为筛选防治草莓白粉病的有效药剂,开展大田试验,选用3种复配药剂(200 g/L氟酰羟.苯甲唑SC、43%氟菌.肟菌酯SC、24%苯甲.烯肟SC)、1种生物药剂(0.4%蛇床子素SL)比较防治效果,同时,将200 g/L氟酰羟.苯甲唑SC分别与5% d-柠檬烯SL、80%代森锰锌WP混配,探索增效作用。结果表明,200 g/L氟酰羟.苯甲唑SC 750倍防治效果较好且安全,分别与5% d-柠檬烯SL 500倍、80%代森锰锌WP 500倍混用后,增效作用显著,但是,代森锰锌会在果面留下明显药斑,不适宜在结果期施用；43%氟菌.肟菌酯SC 1 500倍防治效果比200 g/L氟酰羟.苯甲唑SC 750倍低,差异极显著；24%苯甲.烯肟SC、0.4%蛇床子素SL防治效果较低,不适宜用作草莓白粉病防治药剂。 相似文献
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绿缰菌复合油剂对草原蝗虫的防治试验 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
绿僵菌Metarhizium anisopliae是一类重要的昆虫病原真菌,是一种新型的生物防治技术。试验设试验药品2.5%绿僵菌复合油剂（cl Bioc）和对照药品4.5%氯氰菊酯乳油2个试验组,每个试验组分3个剂量水平,即:450、600、750 mL/hm2。试验结果表明： 绿僵菌3个剂量水平对防治草原蝗虫均具有良好的防治效果。因绿僵菌3个剂量水平与氯氰菊酯450 mL/hm2在防治草原蝗虫时防治效果差异不显著,在虫口密度较低时可选择绿僵菌450和600 mL/hm2的剂量水平进行防治。绿僵菌750 mL/hm2剂量水平与对照药品氯氰菊酯的中等剂量水平（600 mL/hm2）防治效果无显著差异,草原蝗虫密度较高时可选择使用。 相似文献
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筛选出防治香蕉蓟马的高工效施药方式,为香蕉生产中有效防控蓟马及减量使用农药提供依据。使用70%吡虫啉水分散粒剂,比较了喷雾、花蕾注射和假茎注射3种施药方式防治香蕉蓟马的效果。花蕾注射的防效最高,防效为86.7%,而喷雾和假茎注射施药的防效分别为80.2%和78.8%。假茎注射的施药时间最少,对一株香蕉施药平均需时0.76 min,而花蕾注射和喷雾施药所需时间分别约为假茎注射施药的5倍和7倍。假茎注射和花蕾注射所需药液及农药制剂用量最少,较喷雾处理每株可节省药液用量1610 mL,农药制剂量0.13 g。综合考虑防效,操作效率及药液用量,香蕉假茎注射是一种防治蓟马可行的施药方法。 相似文献
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选用了0.5%藜芦碱水剂、0.3%苦参碱水剂、0.5%印楝素水剂、1.5%除虫菊素、5%桉油精水剂对枸杞木虱进行防治;用0.5%藜芦碱、0.3%苦参碱、50%硫磺悬浮剂、0.5%印楝素、1.6%狼毒素、1.5%除虫菊素、5%桉油精对黑果枸杞蚜虫进行防治;用0.5%藜芦碱、0.3%苦参碱对黑果枸杞负泥虫进行防治;用0.5%藜芦碱水剂、0.3%苦参碱水剂、雅氪、满维对枸杞瘿螨进行防治。结果表明:在黑果枸杞防治中,0.5%藜芦碱对枸杞木虱的卵及若虫防效最好,其中,藜芦碱72 h后防效可达80%。5%桉油精对枸杞蚜虫防效最好,药后72 h达到83.88%,效果好于其他药剂。枸杞负泥虫防治中,0.5%藜芦碱防效最好,药后48 h达到了97.55%;枸杞瘿螨防治中,24 h后0.5%藜芦碱防治效果可以达到95%,水剂优于可溶剂。 相似文献
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植物源药剂对苜蓿蓟马的防效研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
选取7种植物源药剂与1种化学药剂(2.5%溴氰菊脂)对苜蓿蓟马Frankliniella occidentalis进行防治比较.结果表明,7种植物源药剂对苜蓿蓟马均有显著的防治效果,其中0.3%印楝素乳油、2.5%烟碱-楝素乳油、10%柠檬草乳油防效突出,与2.5%溴氰菊脂相比无显著差异,药后3 d的防效分别达到76.18%、63.42%和90.59%.此外0.3%印楝素乳油的药效持续时间长而10%柠檬草乳油的起效快. 相似文献
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为探索香蕉生产中防治花蓟马的最佳施药时期。测定吡虫啉、毒死蜱和高效氯氟氰菊酯,在香蕉花蕾现蕾期、苞片打开1-3梳期、苞片打开4-8梳期采用喷雾法施药。结果表明，供试三种药剂在香蕉现蕾期施药优于其它两个时期，其中，70%吡虫啉对果穗的平均防效为85.7%，显著高于毒死蜱和高效氯氟氰菊酯的防效，而在花蕾苞片打开后施药，3种药剂的防效都低于65.0%。同时，在现蕾期施药，3种药剂对果穗不同位置的防效也有差异，其中，第一梳的最高，最高为88.9%，尾梳最差，最低为63.9%，其中吡虫啉的持效性最好，对尾梳的防效为80.2%，显著优于高效氯氟氰菊酯。香蕉现蕾期是防治花蓟马的最佳时期，而吡虫啉是三个药剂中防效最好的。 相似文献
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为筛选防治石榴蓟马的高效、低毒和无污染的生物杀虫剂，采用浸渍法测定了4种生物杀虫剂对石榴蓟马不同虫态的毒力效应。结果表明：4种生物杀虫剂对两种石榴蓟马的毒力依次为：乙基多杀菌素>印楝素>苦参碱>除虫菊素。乙基多杀菌素对黄胸蓟马3龄若虫和成虫的LC50分别为8.550 mg/L和12.078 mg/L。对西花蓟马3龄若虫和成虫的LC50分别13.647 mg/L和20.185 mg/L。印楝素和苦参碱亚致死浓度均可引起两种石榴蓟马的化蛹率和羽化率显著下降（P<0.05）。表明乙基多杀菌素、印楝素和苦参碱均能对两种石榴蓟马种群有较好的抑制作用。 相似文献
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生物技术对草原蝗虫的控制效果及应用前景 总被引：4，自引：3，他引：1
介绍了蝗虫微孢子虫Nosema locustae、绿僵菌Metarhizium anisopliae、印楝素（azadirachtin AZ）等几种新型生物防治技术在控制草原蝗虫中的应用及发展前景。蝗虫微孢子虫,是一种专寄生于蝗虫等直翅目昆虫体内的单细胞真核原生动物,防后45 d测定,感染率为50.6%,虫口减退率为73.4%。绿僵菌是一类昆虫病原真菌,防后7 d的防治效果为66.5%,防后12 d的防治效果为76.7%。印楝素,是从印楝Azadirachta indica种子中提取的高效杀虫活性物质,0.3%印楝素乳油在施药2 d后,防治效果达95%以上。应用蝗虫微孢子虫、绿僵菌、印楝素等生物防治技术防治草原蝗虫不仅防治效果较好,而且对人畜、植物安全,不污染环境;有持久控制害虫种群数量的作用,并可通过传播和繁殖,扩大受益面积,从而达到经济、安全、有效地控制害虫,减少虫害损失,保护生态环境的目的。 相似文献
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为了解增效剂对不同杀虫剂的增效作用和参与石榴蓟马抗药性形成的解毒酶，采用三种杀虫剂与增效剂混配对石榴蓟马（西花蓟马、黄胸蓟马）进行毒力测定。结果表明：增效醚（PBO）对三种杀虫剂（毒死蜱、啶虫脒和吡虫啉）都有显著增效作用，其中毒死蜱 PBO的增效比最强，对黄胸蓟马三龄若虫、成虫的增效比分别为5.188、5.869；对西花蓟马三龄若虫、成虫的增效比分别为4.727、5.152。表明多功能氧化酶（MFO）参与了石榴蓟马体内抗药性的形成。 相似文献
12.
Camargo MG Golo PS Angelo IC Perinotto WM Sá FA Quinelato S Bittencourt VR 《Veterinary parasitology》2012,188(1-2):140-147
The formulations of acaripathogenic fungi to control ticks have been widely studied. The present study evaluated the efficacy of oil-based formulations of Metarhizium anisopliae sensu lato (s.l.), isolate Ma 959, and Beauveria bassiana, isolate Bb 986, on different Rhipicephalus microplus stages, comparing the efficacy between aqueous suspensions and 10, 15 and 20% mineral oil formulations. Twelve groups were formed: one aqueous control group; three mineral oil control groups, at 10, 15 or 20%; two aqueous fungal suspensions of M. anisopliae s.l. or B. bassiana; and three formulations of M. anisopliae (s.l.) or B. bassiana containing 10, 15, and 20% mineral oil. To prepare aqueous suspensions and oily formulations, fungal isolates were cultivated on rice grains in polypropylene bags. The conidial suspensions and formulations had a concentration of 10(8)conidia/mL. Bioassays were repeated twice. After treatment, the following biological parameters of engorged females were evaluated: hatching percentage, egg production index, nutritional index, and percentage of tick control. The following parameters were evaluated in the bioassays with eggs: period of incubation, period of hatch, and hatching percentage. Mortality was evaluated in bioassays with larvae. M. anisopliae s.l. and B. bassiana oil-based formulations were more effective than aqueous suspensions against R. microplus eggs, larvae and engorged females, however, there was no significant difference between the three oil concentrations used. M. anisopliae s.l. and B. bassiana formulated in mineral oil reached 93.69% and 21.67% efficacy, respectively, while M. anisopliae s.l. and B. bassiana aqueous suspensions attained 18.70% and 1.72% efficacy, respectively. M. anisopliae s.l. oil-based formulations caused significant effects in all biological parameters of engorged females while B. bassiana oil-based formulations modified significantly the nutritional index only. Eggs treated with M. anisopliae s.l. and B. bassiana oil-based formulations showed hatching rates that decreased 102.5 and 3.65 times, respectively. In the bioassay with larvae, M. anisopliae s.l. oil-based formulations caused nearly 100% mortality five days after treatment, while larva treated with B. bassiana oil-based formulations reached 100% mortality at day 20 after treatment. Larva from oil-based control groups showed mortality at day 15 after treatment, which indicated a possible toxic effect of the oil for this R. microplus stage. The results showed that the fungal mineral oil formulations tested were more effective than the aqueous suspension. Oil-based formulations at 10, 15 and 20% enhanced the activity of M. anisopliae s.l. Ma 959, and B. bassiana Bb 986, isolates against R. microplus eggs, larvae, and engorged females tick. Mineral oil was effective as an adjuvant in formulations of M. anisopliae s.l., Ma 959, and B. bassiana, Bb 986, for the control of R. microplus under laboratory conditions. 相似文献
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Tavassoli M Allymehr M Pourseyed SH Ownag A Bernousi I Mardani K Ghorbanzadegan M Shokrpoor S 《Veterinary parasitology》2011,178(3-4):374-378
The poultry red mite, Dermanyssus gallinae is one of the most economically deleterious ectoparasite of laying hens worldwide. To evaluate the efficacy of three strains (V245, 3247 and 715C) of entomopathogenic fungus Metarhizium anisopliae with potential as acaricides against D. gallinae, this investigation was carried out in a commercial caged laying poultry farm in Naghedeh, West Azarbaijan of Iran. The parasite infestation already existed in the farm. Sunflower oil suspension of all fungal strains, each in two concentrations (1×10(7) and 1×10(9) conidia/ml) were used separately as spray on hens and cages, and in the control group the cages were only sprayed with sunflower oil and sterile distilled water. For estimating the population rate of mites before and after treatment, special cardboard traps were fixed to cages during a 1-month period. The traps were placed on weeks -1, 0, 1, 2 and 3 and always removed after 1 w. The results showed that the population rates post fungal treatment with the lower concentration were not significantly different compared to the control group. However, the reduction in mite numbers induced by all three strains at the concentration of 1×10(9) conidia/ml was significantly higher than the control (P<0.05). The results revealed that under field conditions, higher concentrations of M. anisopliae will be required for controlling D. gallinae. 相似文献
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为了解决桂南地区巨峰葡萄春季芽眼经破眠剂处理后萌芽时间不一致的问题，以7年生平棚架巨峰葡萄为试验材料，对结果母枝留5-9芽修剪5个处理，每修剪处理两行共60株。修剪后对所有试材用2.5%单氰胺催芽，同时对每个修剪的2行分别进行刻伤与不刻伤（对照）处理。对每修剪处理随机选取5株树调查5个不同节位修剪的刻伤处理与对照的萌芽率和新梢有花率，并分析其萌发的结果母枝冬芽成花率和结果母枝调查芽有花率。结果表明：刻伤处理可以显著提高中长梢修剪的萌芽率，并有使各节位出现花芽几率均等的趋势，对于短梢修剪没有显著效果。 相似文献
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刺五加多糖对雏鸡脾脏中T、B淋巴细胞定位分布的影响 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
为了研究雏鸡注射不同浓度刺五加多糖(ASPS)后脾脏中T、B淋巴细胞定位分布的变化情况,将60只1日龄雏鸡随机分为3组:对照组、低剂量组和高剂量组,每组20只,10日龄起对低、高剂量组雏鸡分别皮下注射免疫50和200 mg/m L的ASPS 0.2 m L,对照组雏鸡以相同方式注射等体积的生理盐水,连续注射4 d。于末次免疫后第7天和第14天,从每组中分别随机选取5只雏鸡,取其脾脏制作冰冻切片,采用免疫组织化学方法检测CD3+T淋巴细胞和Bu-1+B淋巴细胞的定位分布。结果显示,与对照组比较,低、高剂量组在注射后的7 d和14 d ASPS均能增加脾脏中CD3+T淋巴细胞和Bu-1+B淋巴细胞的数量,由CD3+T淋巴细胞构成的脾脏特征性结构-动脉周围淋巴鞘(PALS)的面积也显著增加,红髓中CD3+T淋巴细胞也明显增多,分布范围逐渐增加;同时,由Bu-1+B淋巴细胞构成的椭球周围淋巴鞘(EALS)的面积也明显增加,红髓和白髓中的浆细胞数量显著增多,并在注射后14 d时出现生发中心。与对照组比较,高剂量组和注射后14 d时上述变化趋势更为明显。结果表明,ASPS能够增加脾脏中T、B淋巴细胞的数量,并且能够影响其在PALS、EALS等脾脏特征性结构中的定位分布,从而从组织学角度进一步证明ASPS对鸡免疫功能具有显著的增强作用。 相似文献
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Yoo HS Lee BJ Chang BS Lee YS Park BK 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2001,63(1):67-72
A field trial was conducted to evaluate effect of enrofloxacin-Na against pathogens related to the respiratory and alimentary diseases in eighty suckling piglets (6-7 days old) and eighty weanling piglets (5-6 weeks old). Respective twenty of the suckling and weanling piglets were assigned to each of 4 experimental groups; control (non-treated), clinical injection dose (CID), 2x clinical injection dose (2CID). and premix. A 0.05 ml (2.5 mg) of enrofloxacin-Na injection (5% solution, 1 ml) per kg body weight of piglets as CID was injected intramuscularly for 3 days and the clinical signs were observed for 9 days. The premix (150 ppm) of enrofloxacin-Na was administered with feed for 7 days ad libitum and the clinical signs were observed for 13 days. The enrofloxacin-Na-treated piglets showed a higher increase in body weight and a lower feed per gain than the control piglets. In addition, the treatment of enrofloxacin-Na, regardless of the route of administration, decreased the incidence rate of diarrhea in suckling piglets and respiratory symptoms in weanling piglets. The isolation index of E. coli and Cl. perfringens during the treatment periods was also lowered by the enrofloxacin-Na treatment in both suckling and weanling piglets. The antibiotics was also evaluated as safe locally and whole bodily as treated by injection or feeding. These results indicate that the newly developed antibiotics, enrofloxacin-Na, is very useful for the prevention and therapy of swine diseases in the pig industry. 相似文献
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Compatibility of the fungus Metarhizium anisopliae and deltamethrin to control a resistant strain of Boophilus microplus tick 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The tick Boophilus microplus causes economic impact to cattle producers and has a great capacity to develop resistance to chemical acaricides. It is very important the development of new techniques to complement the control of this parasitosis. Biological control is a promising option to maintain acceptable levels of tick populations in cattle. Therefore, the present study evaluated the association of deltamethrin and the entomopathogenic fungus Metarhizium anisopliae against B. microplus larvae resistant to pyrethroid. The synthetic pyrethroid, deltamethrin, was used at concentrations of 0.39, 0.78, 1.56, 3.12 and 6.12 ppm, M. anisopliae was used at concentrations of 10(5), 10(6), 10(7) and 10(8) conidia ml(-1). Their associations were also evaluated in in vitro tests. The assays showed that the tick strain is resistant to deltamethrin, but high mortality rates were observed when deltamethrin was associated with the entomopathogen. The larvae's mortality rates ranged from 7 to 36.5% for the different concentrations of deltamethrin, however, for the different concentrations of M. anisopliae, the mortality rates ranged from 10 to 96.9%. Mortality rates were proportional to the concentrations used for both deltamethrin and the fungus. Predominantly, the association of pyrethroid and fungus resulted in higher larvae mortalility rates than those obtained with the respective non-associated concentrations. Thus, the present study indicates that this association can be used as a tool for integrated control of the tick B. microplus. 相似文献
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以光叶紫花苕子为供体植物,采用生物测定法,研究供体材料地上部及地下部不同浓度浸提液(2.5、5.0、10.0、20.0、40.0 g·L-1)对燕麦、黑麦草、紫花苜蓿和白三叶4种牧草种子萌发过程的影响,以期为牧草间的轮作提供理论依据。结果表明:在供试浓度范围内,光叶紫花苕子地上部浸提液明显抑制紫花苜蓿和白三叶的种子萌发,且白三叶种子发芽率随着浓度的增加而降低,40 g·L-1处理下的白三叶种子发芽率与对照相比减少62.5%;光叶紫花苕子地下部浸提液抑制黑麦草、紫花苜蓿和白三叶幼苗根长,其中,40 g·L-1处理下紫花苜蓿根长与对照相比抑制作用最为显著,抑制率达64.94%;在地下部浸提液对4种牧草幼苗苗高的影响中,紫花苜蓿幼苗苗高在40 g·L-1处理下与对照相比差异显著。同时发现,不同浓度的浸提液处理均降低黑麦草、紫花苜蓿和白三叶幼苗叶绿素含量,而增加燕麦幼苗叶绿素含量,在20 g·L-1地下部浸提液处理下,燕麦叶绿素含量与对照相比增加144.23%;地下部浸提液均显著增加紫花苜蓿与白三叶幼苗过氧化物酶(POD)活性,与对照相比差异显著;浸提液处理可增加白三叶幼苗的过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性,但其降低紫花苜蓿幼苗的CAT活性。 相似文献