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为筛选防治草莓白粉病的有效药剂,开展大田试验,选用3种复配药剂(200 g/L氟酰羟.苯甲唑SC、43%氟菌.肟菌酯SC、24%苯甲.烯肟SC)、1种生物药剂(0.4%蛇床子素SL)比较防治效果,同时,将200 g/L氟酰羟.苯甲唑SC分别与5% d-柠檬烯SL、80%代森锰锌WP混配,探索增效作用。结果表明,200 g/L氟酰羟.苯甲唑SC 750倍防治效果较好且安全,分别与5% d-柠檬烯SL 500倍、80%代森锰锌WP 500倍混用后,增效作用显著,但是,代森锰锌会在果面留下明显药斑,不适宜在结果期施用;43%氟菌.肟菌酯SC 1 500倍防治效果比200 g/L氟酰羟.苯甲唑SC 750倍低,差异极显著;24%苯甲.烯肟SC、0.4%蛇床子素SL防治效果较低,不适宜用作草莓白粉病防治药剂。 相似文献
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近年来芒果炭疽病在贵州芒果园发生普遍、危害极重,通过本研究掌握芒果胶孢炭疽菌（Colletotrichum gloeosporioides Penz）对不同杀菌剂的毒力及田间防治效果,将为芒果炭疽病的防治提供理论依据。采用生长速率法测定13种杀菌剂对芒果胶孢炭疽菌的毒力,结果表明：13种杀菌剂中450g/L咪鲜胺EW对胶孢炭疽菌抑菌效果最好,EC50小于0.01mg/l,250克/升吡唑醚菌酯EC、50%氟啶胺SC、50%多菌灵WP和12.5%氟环唑SC的EC50均小于1 mg/L,对胶孢炭疽菌具有较好抑菌效果。芒果幼果期进行田间防治,结果表明：450g/L咪鲜胺EW1500倍液、250克/升吡唑醚菌酯EC1250倍液、50%多菌灵WP1000倍液、12.5%氟环唑SC2000倍液、250g/L嘧菌酯SC1250倍液、50%氟啶胺SC1500倍液和70%甲基硫菌灵WP1000倍液等7种药剂可相对有效地控制芒果炭疽病的发生,防效为57.57%~65.57%。该研究将为贵州芒果炭疽病的防治提供理论依据及技术支撑。 相似文献
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选8种绿A生产可用杀菌剂对蓝莓炭疽病病菌进行室内毒力测定,试验结果表明：对引起蓝莓炭疽病的两种主要病原菌均具有较好抑菌作用的杀菌剂为吡吡唑醚菌酯、氟环唑、丙环唑、咯菌腈;排除2种对两种病原菌抑制效果均差的药剂,将其余 6种药剂进行田间药效试验,结果表明：在试验条件下,250 g /L 吡唑醚菌酯 EC1800 倍液、125g/L氟环唑SC 1500倍液、25%丙环唑EC 1000倍液均对蓝莓炭疽病具有较好的防治效果 相似文献
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采用浸叶法测定了46种常用杀菌剂对家蚕的急性毒性,结果表明:30％吡唑醚菌酯悬浮剂对家蚕的毒性等级为高毒(0.5200 mg/L).根据各种农药田间推荐施用浓度与LC50的比值(毒性比分级法),30％吡唑醚菌酯悬浮剂对家蚕具有极高风险性,50％氟醚菌酰胺水分散粒剂等6种杀菌剂对家蚕具有高风险性,430 g/L戊唑醇悬浮剂等20种杀菌剂对家蚕具有中等风险性,40％腈菌唑悬浮剂等19种杀菌剂对家蚕具有低风险性.田间喷药试验结果表明:7种对家蚕高风险性杀菌剂和325 g/L苯甲·嘧菌酯悬浮剂推荐浓度药液喷于桑叶后对家蚕具有不同程度的毒性残留,其中30％吡唑醚菌酯悬浮剂1000倍(300 mg/L)和42.4％唑醚·氟酰胺悬浮剂1000倍(424 mg/L)的残毒期均超过60 d.因此,桑园及附近农作物应避免施用对家蚕毒性强、安全风险大、在桑叶上残留时间长的杀菌剂品种,防止污染桑叶而导致养蚕中毒损失. 相似文献
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《蚕业科学》2022,(1)
为探究杀菌剂吡唑醚菌酯和氟唑菌酰胺在桑椹上使用的安全性,在果桑花期喷施42.4%唑醚·氟酰胺悬浮剂(SC)不同浓度稀释液后,用超高效液相色谱-三重四级杆质谱(UPLC-MS/MS)检测吡唑醚菌酯和氟唑菌酰胺在桑椹中的含量,并研究两者在桑椹中的消解动态及膳食摄入风险。结果显示,UPLC-MS/MS检测吡唑醚菌酯和氟唑菌酰胺的定量限(LOQ)分别为0.003 mg/kg和0.03 mg/kg,回收率为80.2%～106.0%,相对标准偏差(RSD)在2.01%～4.13%之间,表明检测方法可信;吡唑醚菌酯和氟唑菌酰胺的消解动态均符合一级反应动力学方程,在桑椹中的消解半衰期分别为7.30～7.45 d和5.87～5.97 d,属易降解物质。用42.4%唑醚·氟酰胺SC 1 000倍稀释液喷施桑树3次,每次间隔7 d,末次喷药后15 d检测吡唑醚菌酯和氟唑菌酰胺在桑椹中的残留量,其对2岁及以上人群慢(急)性膳食摄入风险均小于100,不会对人体健康产生不可接受的风险。 相似文献
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本研究旨在通过室内药剂筛选结合田间试验,确立葡萄炭疽病的防治方法,阐明化学杀菌剂和微生态制剂的促生防病效果。利用平板对峙试验筛选对葡萄炭疽病菌(Colletotrichum viniferum)菌丝生长有抑制效果的化学药剂,选用其中3种抑制效果最好的药剂结合氟菌.肟菌酯及微生态制剂绿康威在贵州省三都县进行田间防效试验。实验室药剂筛选结果表明：代森锰锌、丙森锌、咪鲜胺、苯甲.丙环唑、吡唑.福美双对C. viniferum菌丝生长的抑制率均达95%以上。田间试验结果表明：氟菌.肟菌酯、咪鲜胺与绿康威混合施用对葡萄炭疽病的防治效果最好,防效高达96.7%。其次是氟环唑、咪鲜胺和绿康威混施以及氟环唑和咪鲜胺混施,防效均在95%以上。部分处理还能够显著增加果实单穗重、pH值、可溶性固形物含量和叶片长度。代森锰锌、丙森锌、苯甲.丙环唑、氟环唑和咪鲜胺能够显著抑制葡萄炭疽病菌的菌丝生长,苯甲.丙环唑、氟环唑和咪鲜胺分别与绿康威混和施用在实际生产中能够较好的防治葡萄炭疽病。 相似文献
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采用菌丝生长速率法,测定了11种杀菌剂对杨梅褐斑病菌的离体抑菌活性,结果表明,嘧菌酯的抑制活性最强,EC50值为0.96 mg/L;百菌清的活性最弱,EC50值为69.24 mg/L;其余药剂的抑制活性依次为吡唑醚菌酯＞氟硅唑>腈菌唑>抑霉唑>戊唑醇>咪鲜胺>喹啉铜>代森锰锌>多菌灵,EC50值在3.25～68.73 mg/L之间。林间试验结果表明,嘧菌酯对杨梅褐斑病具有很好的控制效果,其防效显著优于喹啉铜和多菌灵。进一步的研究结果表明,供试100株杨梅褐斑病菌对嘧菌酯的EC50值在0.15～2.17 mg/L之间,呈近似正态的连续分布,其平均EC50值为0.97?.22 mg/L,可作为该病菌对嘧菌酯的敏感性基线,用于田间抗药性监测。 相似文献
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《中国草地学报》2016,(3)
对10种杀菌剂进行了室内毒力测定、盆栽抑菌筛选和田间防效试验以筛选高效防治苜蓿炭疽病的药剂。室内毒力测定表明,98%吡唑醚菌酯、98.1%多菌灵、97.7%咪鲜胺和98%嘧菌酯对苜蓿炭疽菌抑菌效果较好,EC50均小于1mg/L,其中98%吡唑醚菌酯抑菌效果最好,EC50为0.2077mg/L。盆栽试验表明,98%吡唑醚菌酯对苜蓿炭疽菌抑制效果最好,EC50为11.0757mg/L;12种混配组合中,除1种混配组合为相加作用,其余均为增效作用。田间试验表明,25%吡唑醚菌酯(150g/hm2)、25%咪鲜胺(150g/hm2)与50%多菌灵(300g/hm2)混配剂和50%多菌灵(300g/hm2)防效较好,分别达78.87%、73.86%和67.85%,与对照相比,增产分别达58.70%、59.42%和51.14%。从防治和增产效果综合考虑,25%吡唑醚菌酯、50%多菌灵及25%咪鲜胺与50%多菌灵混配剂是较好的防治剂。 相似文献
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选择中国大陆最早分离的H9N2亚型禽流感病毒(avian influenza virus,AIV)A/Chicken/Guangdong/SS/94(H9N2)(缩写为SS株)和1998年大流行时期分离的H9N2亚型AIVA/Chicken/Shanghai/F/98(H9N2)(缩写为F株)为研究对象,对其在SPF鸡体内的复制能力和传播途径特性比较后发现,F株在4周龄SPF鸡气管中的复制能力高于SS株,F株可以经气溶胶传播途径传播,SS株不能经气溶胶传播途径传播;利用反转录-聚合酶链反应(RT-PCR)方法获取F株和SS株的HA和NA基因的cDNA,序列分析得知,F株和SS株的HA和NA基因的同源性分别是96.6%和98.1%;HA基因的裂解位点氨基酸序列都是PARSSR↓GL,但有5个氨基酸的差异,即166位N(F)→D(SS)、198位A(F)→V(SS)、217位V(F)→I(SS)、335位G(F)→R(SS)、504位L(F)→S(SS);2株病毒的NA基因在63~65位都存在氨基酸缺失,但在NA基因红细胞吸附位点的氨基酸序列不同,分别是IKKDSRSG(F)和IKEDLRSG(SS)。F株和SS株的传播特性差异是否与其表面基因序列有关,有待进一步研究。 相似文献
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禽类的起源、演化及我国主要家禽品种类型与分布 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
家禽是重要经济价值动物.本文从禽类种群进化学说出发,简介了禽类的起源、演化、动物学分类和家禽的驯化(养)与品种的形成,并对我国主要家禽(鸡、鸭、鹅)地方品种和培育品种(配套系)的分布与类型作了描述,以期为研究我国家禽起源系统,保护与利用我国家禽品种,促进家禽生产可持续发展提供参考. 相似文献
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近年以来,由于市场因素的刺激,生猪的存养量大幅上升,再加上由于流通环节较多,流通非常频繁,流通距离越来越远。这对繁荣经济,增加养殖效益起了重要的推动作用,但也同时给疾病的感染和传播创造了有利条件,给猪病的防治带来了困难。有的猪场感染了传染病后,由于治疗不及时不得法,而造成了惨重的经济损失。2008年7月中旬,我街道一养猪户因盲目从外地购进中猪,发生猪病疫情,引起猪只连续死亡,造成一定的经济损失。根据流行病学、临床症状、剖检变化和实验室诊断,诊断该病为猪链球菌病和猪伪狂犬病混合感染,现报告如下。 相似文献
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１前言１．１鸡白冠病鸡白冠病是由卡氏住白细胞原虫寄生于鸡的红细胞和单核细胞而引起的鸡的贫血性疾病。吸血昆虫蚋和库蠓叮咬鸡引起传播，是主要的传播媒介，一般在夏末和秋季多发，由于夏季降雨量较大，部分沟渠积水，库蠓和蚋多孳生，因此在多雨水涝的年份发病率明显增高。１９９８年中国从南到北发生洪涝灾害，吸血昆虫的孳生格外严重，出现了一个白冠病多发年，而后两年发病稍轻，并有地区性，今年８月中旬以来白冠病的发病呈抬头趋势，有一定的死亡率，对蛋鸡产蛋率也会引起一定程度的降低，应引起养鸡户的重视。１．２鸡痘鸡痘也是… 相似文献
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Pinard CL Weiss ML Brightman AH Fenwick BW Davidson HJ 《American journal of veterinary research》2003,64(1):104-108
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate lactoferrin and lysozyme content in various ocular glands of bison and cattle and in tears of bison. SAMPLE POPULATION: Tissues of ocular glands obtained from 15 bison and 15 cattle and tears collected from 38 bison. PROCEDURE: Immunohistochemical analysis was used to detect lysozyme and lactoferrin in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded sections of the ocular glands. Protein gel electrophoresis was used to analyze ocular glands and pooled bison tears by use of a tris-glycine gel and SDS-PAGE. Western blotting was used to detect lactoferrin and lysozyme. RESULTS: Immunohistochemical staining for lactoferrin was evident in the lacrimal gland and gland of the third eyelid in cattle and bison and the deep gland of the third eyelid (Harder's gland) in cattle. Equivocal staining for lactoferrin was seen for the Harder's gland in bison. An 80-kd band (lactoferrin) was detected via electrophoresis and western blots in the lacrimal gland and gland of the third eyelid in cattle and bison, Harder's glands of cattle, and bison tears. An inconsistent band was seen in Harder's glands of bison. Lysozyme was not detected in the lacrimal gland of cattle or bison with the use of immunohistochemical analysis or western blots. Western blots of bison tears did not reveal lysozyme. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Distribution of lactoferrin and a lack of lysozyme are similar in the lacrimal gland of cattle and bison. Differences in other tear components may be responsible for variability in the susceptibility to infectious corneal diseases that exists between bison and cattle. 相似文献
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Harvey CE 《Journal of veterinary dentistry》2002,19(4):186-195
Crown width, height and buccal surface areas were measured on heads or skulls of four dogs and four cats, and were compared with similar measurements on models of human dentition. Buccal surface area variability was greater in dogs and cats than in humans, and teeth of cats were smaller. Horizontal (gingival and occlusal halves) and vertical (mesial, middle, and distal thirds) buccal surface area variability was also greater in canine and feline teeth compared with human teeth. This increased variability suggests the need for testing of reliability and repeatability of scoring when using plaque and calculus indices based on horizontal or vertical segmentation. Buccal surface area variability between teeth also prompts questioning the validity of equal weighting of smaller, irregularly-shaped teeth when calculating a mean mouth score. Whether equal or more reliable results would be obtained from scores of whole teeth in comparison with segmentation indices used currently has yet to be determined. 相似文献
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Over a period of about 12 years, 30 abnormal Schistosoma mattheei cercariae were found among a total of approximately 2.8 million examined. Initially seven were recovered from about 1.02 million (0.0007%), which were examined individually while being counted with the aid of a stereoscopic microscope. Subsequently, on the strength of relatively high percentages of abnormal individuals recovered when counting cercariae that failed to penetrate into oxen, it appeared that the morphologically abnormal cercariae were unable to swim and would mostly sediment out of a suspension while most of the normal cercariae would remain swimming. This surmise is supported by recovery of 23 morphologically abnormal cercariae (0.001%) from about 1.8 million, by examining the sediment after the cercarial suspension had been left standing undisturbed in glass measuring cylinders. The abnormalities ranged from aberrant tails only (e.g. an underdeveloped tail, or different degrees of schism) or aberrant heads only, to abnormalities of both the heads and tails. A suggested schematic classification of abnormal cercariae is presented. A young, adult hamster was exposed to eight S. mattheei cercariae with complete schism of the shaft of the tail, by pipetting the cercariae onto the shaved abdominal skin of the anaesthetised animal. Two underdeveloped females were subsequently encountered in squash preparations of the liver when the hamster was killed for worm recovery 10 weeks after infection, thus showing that some of the abnormal cercariae were viable. A method is also described for killing and fixing cercariae while retaining some of the shining brilliance of live cercariae, without them becoming shrivelled, granular and semi-opaque, as occurs when cercariae die spontaneously or are killed with heat. This is apparently the first report of abnormal cercariae of S. mattheei. In addition, a method of concentrating abnormal cercariae after emergence from a snail, a schematic classification of abnormal cercariae and a method for killing and fixing cercariae while retaining much of the shiny brilliance of live cercariae are also reported for the first time as far as is known. 相似文献