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1.
榧树变异类型的初步研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
长期的栽培过程中,笔者在省内实生群体发现零星分布着一类生长迅速的榧树变异类型.本研究采用SRAP分子标记体系对榧树速生变异类型与榧属其他5个种、2个栽培变种(香榧、云南榧、巴山榧、九龙山榧、日本榧、榧树、长叶榧)等共21个样品进行了分析.结合叶形指数的方差分析和SRAP分子标记分析结果,进行了研究材料的亲缘关系聚类,探讨了系统发育关系.结果显示,榧属5个种、2个栽培变种及榧树变异类型的21个样品可以分为5组:长叶榧组、榧树变异类型组、包括香榧在内的榧树组、巴山榧、九龙山榧、日本榧组,而云南榧自成一组;榧树变异类型与长叶榧亲缘关系较近,其叶片形态偏向长叶榧;各种间叶形指数差异极显著,榧树变异类型的叶形指数显著不同于与其他样品.但推断本研究中榧树变异类型是长叶榧的自然变异,还是长叶榧与其他榧树的杂种,还有待深入研究. 相似文献
2.
巴山榧树地理分布格局及潜在分布区 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
基于文献资料、标本资料和实地考察,收集巴山榧树县级分布点57个,在此基础上,使用生态位模型(GARP)预测巴山榧树在中国的潜在分布区,分析其地理分布及濒危原因。结果表明:汇流累积量、年均气温、雨日频率和水汽压对巴山榧树分布的影响较小,而太阳辐射、极端低温、极端高温和霜日频率对其分布影响显著;巴山榧树间断分布于海拔800～2700m的亚热带山区,散生于针阔叶混交林、灌丛及沟谷地带;预测我国中部地区为巴山榧树良好生长区;目前巴山榧树的实际分布远小于其适生区;巴山榧树虽然仍有不少种群,但各种群分布区域狭窄、种群密度小、人类破坏极为严重,应加强保护和繁育。 相似文献
3.
【目的】分离和鉴定非刚竹属5种竹子丛枝病病原菌,并分析其与麦角菌科其他真菌间的系统发育关系,为竹子丛枝病病原菌的鉴定、病害的防控和麦角菌科物种间亲缘关系的确定提供科学依据。【方法】采用组织分离法从非刚竹属5种竹子丛枝病样品上分离病原菌,利用显微镜观察病原菌的形态结构并测量分生孢子大小,结合形态学与分子生物学方法鉴定病原菌物种,基于ITS rDNA和LSU rDNA序列构建麦角菌科的系统发育树。【结果】中华业平竹、巴山木竹和薄箨茶竿竹丛枝病组织分离的病原菌形态结构与竹针孢座囊菌一致,分生孢子在PDA平板上形成表面凹凸不平的褶皱、略有光泽、边缘不整齐的浅黄色菌落,分生孢子针形,大小为(22.4～52.0)μm×(2.2～6.0)μm。黄麻竹和牡竹丛枝病组织分离的病原菌菌丝在PDA平板上形成表面平整、边缘整齐的圆形菌落,病原菌培养72天后产生短棒状分生孢子,大小为(5.4～10.5)μm×(1.2～2.8)μm。ITS rDNA和LSU rDNA序列分析和系统发育分析表明,分离自中华业平竹、巴山木竹和薄箨茶竿竹丛枝病样品的病原菌与针孢座囊菌聚为一支,支持率为99%;分离自黄麻竹和牡竹丛枝病样品的病原菌与竹异香柱菌聚为一支,支持率为100%。【结论】中华业平竹、巴山木竹和薄箨茶竿竹丛枝病的病原菌为竹针孢座囊菌,该菌与麦角菌属的亲缘关系近。黄麻竹和牡竹丛枝病的病原菌为箣竹异香柱菌,该菌与肉瘤座菌属的亲缘关系近,与香柱菌属的亲缘关系远。 相似文献
4.
《内蒙古林业调查设计》2021,(2)
文章对泰国清迈蘑菇属真菌进行rDNA ITS区段序列测定和序列特征比较分析,并基于ITS序列进行核酸数据库GenBank同源性检索比对,最终构建系统发育树,旨在为从分子水平上探讨蘑菇属真菌的系统发育、亲缘关系和遗传多样性提供参考。 相似文献
5.
柳属植物ITS序列分析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
本文分析了垂柳、曲枝垂柳、旱柳和龙爪柳以及其他柳属植物属内种间系统发育关系。提取垂柳、曲枝垂柳和龙爪柳基因组DNA,对其内转录间隔区(ITS)序列进行PCR扩增和序列测定。采用BLAST方法将植物内转录间隔区(ITS)序列在GenBank中进行同源搜索,应用邻接距离距阵法,建立柳属共19种的ITS序列的系统发育树,并探讨了其亲缘关系。结果表明,垂柳、曲枝垂柳、旱柳和龙爪柳应属于同一种,其关系为种内变异水平,与经典分类方法中垂柳与旱柳为两个不同种存在分歧。 相似文献
6.
通过ITS-rpl16序列和mat K序列的分子分析,对中国现有金合欢属的各亚属间的亲缘关系进行了研究,结果表明:我国现有广义金合欢属的14个种大致被聚为相思亚属、皮刺亚属和金合欢亚属3大类,原产中国的3种皮刺亚属的种聚成1支,表明印度金合欢和羽叶金合欢关系更近,二者再与儿茶形成姐妹类群。基于选自美洲、非洲、澳大利亚和中国乡土种(印度金合欢、羽叶金合欢和儿茶)共40个金合欢属种和1个外类群的mat K序列建立的系统发育树表明:皮刺亚属和相思亚属的亲缘性关系比与金合欢亚属的亲缘关系更近,相思亚属和金合欢亚属均是单系类群,而皮刺亚属属于并系类群;中国的几个乡土种都与非洲一些种的亲缘关系较近,聚为1支。 相似文献
7.
旋花科植物ITS序列分析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
通过提取白色圆叶牵牛基因组的DNA及紫色重瓣圆叶牵牛的DNA,对其内转录间隔区(ITS)序列进行PCR扩增和序列测定.采用BLAST方法,将测序结果在GenBank中进行同源搜索,采用邻接距离矩阵法构建了与其亲缘关系接近的旋花科14个种基于ITS序列的系统发育树,并分析了它们的亲缘关系.结果表明,原牵牛属和番薯属的亲缘关系较近,打碗花属、旋花属与番薯属为旋花科两大亲缘关系较远的类群;疑似新种的紫色重瓣圆叶牵牛并非一个新种,而是属于圆叶牵牛种下分类水平的变种或变型. 相似文献
8.
《西部林业科学》2015,(2)
提取刚竹属中毛金竹、毛竹、龟甲竹、人面竹、紫竹、白哺鸡竹、黄槽竹、芽竹、蓉城竹、红壳雷竹、假毛竹、金竹、黄纹竹等13个竹种的DNA,对其内转录间隔区(ITS)序列以及maturase K(mat K)序列进行PCR扩增和序列测定。构建了与其亲缘关系接近的刚竹属6个种、牡竹属3个种共22个竹种基于ITS序列的系统发育树和刚竹属7个种、牡竹属3个种共23个竹种基于mat K的系统发育树,并探讨了其亲缘关系。结果显示,实验所用的大部分竹种分类结果与传统分类类似,但黄纹竹、毛竹与其他刚竹属竹种的遗传距离较远,却与牡竹属的竹种聚类,与传统分类相左。通过测序分析认为其为杂种的可能性较高,并由此推测杂种的存在是造成竹子分子分类困难的一大原因。 相似文献
9.
【目的】我国经济林树种板栗和杉木上的重要害螨一直被认为是同一种螨——针叶小爪螨,但针叶小爪螨的山东板栗种群和浙江杉木种群间存在生殖隔离,且生殖隔离并非由地理隔离和能调控寄主生殖的内共生菌引起,似乎二者已分化为2个独立的种。本研究目的是明确其成种原因,丰富物种形成理论。【方法】从之前做杂交试验时所采集的针叶小爪螨板栗和杉木种群中各随机取3头雌成螨,提取单头雌成螨的总DNA,使用根据其他小爪螨28S rDNA两端保守序列设计的引物扩增28S rDNA,扩增产物纯化后测序。比较2种群的28S rDNA序列,并基于28S rDNA序列构建小爪螨属系统发育树,结合已有研究分析两种群分化原因。【结果】每个种群的3个个体的28S rDNA序列完全一致,无种群内变异。2种群的28S rDNA序列一致性为98. 3%,遗传距离为1. 7%。在基于28S rDNA序列构建的小爪螨属系统发育树上,浙江杉木种群与采自日本的日本柳杉上的本岛小爪螨亲缘关系最近,山东板栗种群与采自日本的日本栗上的栗小爪螨的亲缘关系最近。【结论】板栗和杉木上的叶螨并非由同一种叶螨因适应不同寄主植物分化而成,很可能是2个独立的物种。 相似文献
10.
本文分析了梅奇酵母属Metschnikowia chrysoperlae JA30与其同属已知菌种的属内种间系统发育关系。提取M.chrysoperlae JA30的基因DNA,对其内转录间隔区(ITS)序列进行PCR扩增和序列测定。采用BLAST方法将内转录间隔区(ITS)序列在GenBank中进行同源搜索,运用邻接距离距阵法,建立梅奇酵母属共33种的ITS序列的系统发育树,并探讨了其亲缘关系。结果表明,梅奇酵母属的M.chrysoperlae、M.pulcherrima、M.fructicola在ITS基因序列上的差异表现为种内变异水平,这与传统分类的结论存在分歧。 相似文献
11.
《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(5):427-435
In Scandinavia, moose (Alces alces L.) sometimes cause severe browsing damage to economically-important pine. Moose-vehicle accidents have spurred construction of fences along roads, and these may interfere with moose migration between summer and winter ranges, or the road alone may be a barrier. If this happens and moose build up along roads, landowners may suffer economically. Therefore, this study investigated whether roads, fences or other factors influence the use of young pine stands by moose. Eighty stands along roads in northern Sweden were evaluated in which individually-browsed branches were counted on 9972 pines. Moose browsing was not significantly related to birch (Betula pendula Roth, B. pubescens Ehrh.) density, nor did it differ between pines (Pinus contorta Douglas or P. sylvestris L.). However, increased pine density, site productivity and proximity to a highway were associated with increased browsing. Further large-scale studies are needed to understand moose habitat selection and the effects of roads. 相似文献
12.
《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(3):206-217
The root systems of 2-yr-old Picea glauca, Picea mariana and Pinus banksiana seedlings were submitted to various frost temperatures during an artificial frost to induce different levels of root damage. Frost-damaged and control seedlings were placed in a greenhouse under high and low soil moisture regimes. Seedling growth and physiology were evaluated periodically. Seedling survival was reduced when root damage reached levels of 60-80%. Root systems of all three species showed partial to total recovery by the end of the experiment. In general, root freezing damage caused reductions in seedling growth, with these reductions becoming less significant over time. Root damage had little to no effect on black spruce and jack pine seedling physiology, while white spruce CO 2 uptake decreased with increasing root damage. Shoot nitrogen content of all three species decreased slightly with increasing root damage. 相似文献
13.
《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(1):53-61
This study investigated the stand structure in pine, spruce and deciduous forests in the border district of Finland and Russia. A total of 46 mature forest stands was selected as pairs, the members of each pair being as similar as possible with respect to their forest site type, age, moisture and topography. The stands were then compared between the two countries by means of basal areas and number of stems. The proportions of dominating tree species were 2-12% lower, and correspondingly the proportions of secondary tree species higher, in Russian forests. The density of the forest stock was also higher in each forest type in Russia. The forests in the two countries differed most radically in terms of the abundance of dead trees. The amount was two to four times higher in Russian deciduous and spruce forests, and in pine forests the difference was 10-fold. The stand structures indicated that Russian coniferous stands, in particular, were more heterogeneous than intensively managed pine and spruce stands in Finland. 相似文献
14.
《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(1):15-27
The root collar diameter and the height:diameter ratio are of particular importance in container-grown seedlings where a high density in the containers may produce spindly seedlings. Temperature regimes and light quality are known to affect plant growth. The aim of this study was to identify responses in Picea abies (L.) Karst. seedlings grown with light providing different red:far-red ratios and under temperature regimes with alternating day (DT) and night temperature (NT) from negative (DT < NT) to positive (DT > NT) difference (DIF) between DT and NT. Experiments were conducted in controlled environment chambers and in a daylight phytotron. Only limited thermoperiodic responses appeared in P . abies seedlings with respect to seedling height and dry weight accumulation. The formation of terminal buds, however, was clearly delayed in seedlings grown at negative DIF. The results indicate a requirement for day extension light that is high in far-red, to prevent terminal bud formation under natural short-day conditions. An extended study should be conducted to clarify the minimum level of light intensity and the optimal light quality needed to prevent terminal bud formation under natural short-day conditions. 相似文献
15.
Contour hedgerows of multipurpose tree species in the sloping tea lands of Sri Lanka are expected to reduce soil erosion and
also add significant amounts of plant nutrients to the soil via periodic prunings. The objective of this experiment was to characterize the biomass decomposition pattern and quantify the
amount of nutrients added through prunings of six tree species (Calliandra calothyrsus, Senna spectabilis, Euphatorium innulifolium, Flemingia congesta, Gliricidia sepium and Tithonia diversifolia) currently being used in hedgerows associated with tea. Withered leaf and stem prunings (50 g) were enclosed in 2-mm litter
bags, placed at 5-cm depth and retrieved after one, three, six, nine and 12 weeks. Loss of initial dry weight, N, P and K
was measured. Single exponential decay function adequately described both dry weight and nutrient loss. Tree species differed
significantly in their rate of breakdown with decomposition constants (k) varying from 0.0299 to 0.2006 week−1 for leaves and from 0.0225 to 0.0633 week−1 for stems. Gliricidia showed the highest k for leaves with the rest in the following descending order: Senna > Tithonia ≥ Euphatorium > Calliandra > Flemingia. A similar pattern was observed for loss of all nutrients with Calliandra and Flemingia always having lower k values than the rest. Although N immobilization was not observed, immobilization of P and K was observed
during the first week of incubation in some species, particularly in stem prunings. Annual biomass of prunings differed significantly
between tree species in the following descending order: Calliandra > Senna > Flemingia > Tithonia > Gliricidia > Euphatorium. Calliandra added the greatest amount of nutrients annually to the soil with Euphatorium adding the least. Calliandra prunings provided the annual total K requirement and 49% of the N requirement of mature tea. However, none of the species
provided more than 5% of the P requirement. It is concluded that among the tree species tested, Calliandra and Flemingia are the most suitable for contour hedgerows in tea plantations of this agroclimatic region because of their higher soil nutrient
enrichment capacity and slower decomposition rates which would minimize leaching losses.
This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
16.
本文分析了CAD在设计中引起的正面和负面影响,并进行了系统的阐述,从而使设计者在应用中能够保持客观的态度。 相似文献
17.
Astra Zaluma Lauma Bruna Darta Klavina Natalija Burnevica Kristine Kenigsvalde Andis Lazdins Talis Gaitnieks 《Forest Pathology》2019,49(6)
Heterobasidion parviporum and Heterobasidion annosum are widely distributed root‐rot fungi that infect conifers throughout Europe. Infection of conifer stumps by spores of these pathogens can be controlled by treating fresh stumps with a competing non‐pathogenic fungus, Phlebiopsis gigantea. In this study, growth of three Latvian strains of P. gigantea and the biological control agent ‘Rotstop’ strain was evaluated in stem pieces of Norway spruce, Scots pine, lodgepole pine, Douglas‐fir, Weymouth pine, Siberian larch and Sitka spruce. The growth rates of one H. parviporum and one H. annosum isolate were also measured in the same stem pieces. The growth rate of P. gigantea varied greatly in wood of different conifer species. It was higher in the three pine species, lower in Norway spruce and lowest in Sitka spruce and Siberian larch, and in Douglas‐fir, this fungus did not grow. The largest area of wood occupied by P. gigantea was in lodgepole pine. Growth of Latvian isolates of P. gigantea in the wood of Pinus and Picea species was comparable to that of the Rotstop isolate. Consequently, stump treatment with local P. gigantea isolates should be recommended. However, our results suggest that Douglas‐fir stump treatment against Heterobasidion by P. gigantea may be ineffective and other stump treatment methods should be considered. 相似文献
18.
《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(2):118-130
The effects of seed weight and seed type on seedling growth of Pinus sylvestris (L.) were studied by seeding individually weighed orchard and stand seed in different mixtures under harsh (direct seeding in field) and optimal (seeding in nursery) conditions. In the nursery experiment an increase in the seed weight from 3 to 7 mg increased the seedling height by 10-27% and total weight by 27-113%, and decreased the height/diameter ratio by 5-6% after 2 yrs. With elimination of seed weight effects, orchard seedlings were 2% taller than stand seedlings in year 2. Without elimination of seed weight effects, orchard seedlings were 7-13% taller. In the field experiment an increase in the seed weight from 3 to 7 mg increased seedling height by 18-65%, stem volume by 81-274% and the number of top-buds by 23-34% in year 5. After elimination of seed weight effects, orchard seedlings were 7-13% taller than stand seedlings and without elimination of seed weight effects 20-21% taller after 5 yrs. Even after elimination of both seed weight and genetic effects orchard seedlings were 3-9% larger than stand seedlings in the field experiment. In conclusion, the influence of seed weight and seed type on growth traits and slenderness is highly significant and the influence seems to be greater in harsh conditions. 相似文献
19.
Steven Maranz Amadou Niang Antoine Kalinganire Djeneba Konaté Bocary Kaya 《Agroforestry Systems》2008,72(3):231-239
Baobab leaves form an important part of the local diet in Sahel countries and elsewhere in Africa. Existing leaf nutritional
data and agroforestry performance information are based solely on Adansonia digitata L., the baobab of continental Africa. The introduction potential of Adansonia species from the center of diversity in Madagascar and from Australia remains untapped. To assess this potential, the mineral
contents and B1 and B2 vitamin levels of dried baobab leaves were determined for five-year old trees of A. digitata, A. gibbosa (A. Cunn.) Guymer ex D. Baum, A. rubrostipa Jum. & H. Perrier (syn. A. fony Baill.), A. perrieri Capuron and A. za Baill. grown in an introduction trial in Mali. Nutritional data were evaluated against survival and vigor to identify promising
germplasm. Leaf vitamin and crude protein contents were highest in the Madagascar species, especially A. rubrostipa (B1 88 mg 100 g−1, B2 187 mg 100 g−1, protein 20.7% dry weight). However, the local species far outperformed the introductions in survival, tree height, basal
diameter and resistance to termites. We suggest grafting as a way of harnessing the vigor of well-adapted local baobab varieties
to the superior nutritional profiles of A. rubrostipa and others. Cross-species grafting tests in Adansonia were successful, thus creating new agroforestry possibilities with different scion/rootstock combinations. 相似文献
20.
《Wood material science & engineering》2013,8(2):76-84
Abstract Wood in general and wooden studs in particular are often distorted owing to uneven shrinkage during the drying process in the sawmill. Twist is often the most detrimental of all types of distortion, and it is caused by spiral grain in combination with variations in moisture content. For sawmills, the objective is to produce dried, straight boards, and one method of dealing with boards with excessive spiral grain is to sort them out and then dry them in a pretwisted position to obtain straight boards after drying. A model using the finite element (FE) method for the simulation of drying twist distortions was first calibrated against laboratory experiments in which boards were dried with and without restraints and pretwists. After the calibration, the FE results were compared with industrial test results for boards that were dried without restraints or with restraints with zero pretwist, i.e. straight restraints. The FE model used an elastic–ideally plastic material model to obtain permanent deformations. The calibration was to set the yield stresses so that there was a good match between FE results and results from the laboratory experiments. The comparison between the industrial test results and the FE results showed that the FE model is capable of realistic simulations of drying boards with and without restraints and presumably also pretwists. 相似文献