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1.
Several physicochemical tests are employed in quality evaluation of wheat. Most of the exported Argentinean wheat flour is used as corrector flour in breadmaking. A small percentage is actually used in cookie production. No study has determined which predictive tests are most suitable for the quality prediction of bread (using flour as corrector) and cookies made from Argentinean wheat. The objectives of this study were to compare the suitability of predictive tests in the assessment of wheat flour attributes in the production of bread and cookies and to establish the relationship between the tests and flour components. Several expected associations were found between the SRC test and the composition parameters. Moreover, various flour components influencing the SDS sedimentation index (SDS-SI), the Zeleny index and the alkaline water retention capacity (AWRC) were established. The cookie factor (CF) was negatively correlated with sucrose, carbonate and water SRC and with AWRC. In addition, the bread loaf specific volume (LV) was correlated with the SDS-SI, the Zeleny index and the lactic acid SRC. In conclusion, several components of Argentine wheat affecting predictive tests were found. The SRC test allowed straight assessment of the bread and cookie quality of Argentinean wheat. 相似文献
2.
为了解河北省主推强筋小麦品种的籽粒品质和面包加工品质,评选优质面包小麦品种,对河北省9个强筋小麦品种的31个籽粒品质和8个面包加工品质指标进行了测定。结果表明,除千粒重、容重、籽粒硬度、出粉率、面粉色泽L*值、面粉色泽b*值、面粉白度、籽粒蛋白质含量、湿面筋含量、糊化温度、吸水率外,其余被测指标的变异系数均大于10%,说明河北省强筋小麦品种多数品质性状的遗传多样性比较丰富。藁优9415、冀师02-1、藁优2018和金麦1号4个小麦品种制作的面包达到国家优质面包标准。面包评分与面团拉伸曲线面积和最大拉伸阻力极显著正相关,与形成时间、稳定时间、粉质质量指数、延伸度和拉伸阻力显著正相关,与面包质构的粘聚性极显著正相关,与面包质构的硬度、胶着性、咀嚼度、坚实度均极显著负相关。 相似文献
3.
Impact of Starch Properties on Hearth Bread Characteristics. II. Purified A- and B-granule Fractions
Using the nine different wheat varieties, sixteen different flours were blended to achieve two protein levels 11 and 13%. Mixing characteristics of the flours were analysed by Farinograph and Mixograph. Thermal properties of flour were measured by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Starch gelatinisation, pasting viscosity, and gelation properties were assessed by a Rapid Visco-Analyser (RVA). Hearth bread loaves were produced from the flours using a small-scale baking method. The results from the analyses of flour were related to the properties of hearth bread loaves by multivariate statistical methods. The Partial Least Squares Regression (PLS) model (Model 1) obtained using results from grain and flour analysis (no starch analysis included) as X – matrix explained 70% of the total variance in hearth bread characteristic form ratio. If flour-pasting properties were included in the PLS1 model (Model 2) the explained variance increased to 77%. The model obtained including the DSC parameters of wheat flour explained 76% of the total variance in form ratio (Model 3). This emphasises the importance of starch in wheat flour and that it is possible to find wheat flour starch quality parameters in addition to protein quality that is important for hearth bread quality. No good models were obtained for hearth bread characteristics loaf volume and weight. 相似文献
4.
为明确安徽大田生产环境下软质小麦籽粒和终端产品品质表现,评价优质软麦品种的加工适用性,本研究选取该区当前推广种植的24个软质小麦品种,对其籽粒和面粉的主要品质性状及其制品南方馒头和曲奇饼干的品质进行差异性、相关性分析,并以美国软白麦近五年的主要品质性状平均值为理想指标进行灰色关联度比较。结果表明,供试材料的硬度、面粉色泽b*、湿面筋含量、面团形成时间、稳定时间等籽粒品质性状变异系数较大,而容重、面粉L*值和吸水率变异系数较小。南方馒头品质性状中,白度差异最小,比容差异最大;曲奇饼干品质性状中,感官评分变异系数较大,饼干直径均值和变异系数都较小。蛋白质含量、湿面筋含量、稳定时间均符合弱筋标准(GB/T 17320-2013)的样品数为0。相关分析表明,容重、降落值、面粉L*、b*、白度与大部分性状间相关性不显著;籽粒硬度与水SRC和乳酸SRC均呈显著正相关,与湿面筋含量和面粉a*值均呈显著负相关。蛋白质含量与面粉a*值等7个指标均呈显著正相关,与面粉b 相似文献
5.
为了解河北省中低筋小麦品种的籽粒品质和馒头加工品质、评选优质馒头小麦品种,对河北省19个主推中低筋小麦品种的籽粒品质和馒头加工品质进行了测定。结果表明,除容重、出粉率、面粉色泽L*值、面粉白度、籽粒蛋白质含量、糊化温度、吸水率外,河北省主栽中低筋小麦品种品质性状的遗传变异范围较大,19个参试小麦品种馒头综合评分平均为78.4分,变化范围67.8~85.7分;达到良好馒头标准(80~90分)的共有9个品种,分别为良星66、石优17、石新828、良星99、科麦1号、永麦1号、邢麦4号、济麦22、和冀丰703。馒头高度与拉伸曲线面积、拉伸阻力、P值和W值极显著正相关,与稳定时间显著正相关;馒头评分与P值和W值极显著正相关;馒头比容与稳定时间、粉质质量指数、拉伸曲线面积、延伸度、拉伸阻力、P值、G值和W值负相关。馒头评分与馒头坚实度极显著负相关,与馒头硬度显著负相关,说明馒头坚实度对馒头感官品质影响较大。 相似文献
6.
我国春麦区部分小麦品种品质状况分析 总被引：20，自引：6，他引：20
1999年将 38份春小麦品种 (品系 )种植于内蒙古呼和浩特 ,对其磨粉品质和面包烘烤品质进行了评价。结果表明 ,我国春小麦品种的面包烘烤品质较差 ,不同地区品种间品质差异较大 ,辽宁和内蒙品种的磨粉品质和面包烘烤品质优于其它地区的品种。回归分析表明 ,蛋白质含量和单位蛋白质含量的面包体积决定了面包体积总变异的 99.9% ,硬度、沉淀值和吸水率对面包总分有重要作用。品种的出粉率主要取决于 1心槽路出粉率 ,2心和 1皮槽路出粉率对出粉率贡献也较大。高分子量麦谷蛋白亚基 (HMW GS)Glu A1和Glu D1位点的等位变异与品质性状密切相关。面包烘烤品质的改良应在分析HMW GS的基础上 ,将硬度作为选择指标之一 ,适当提高蛋白质含量 ,重点加强对沉淀值的选择 相似文献
7.
《Journal of Cereal Science》2004,39(2):231-245
Baking performance for bread and puff pastry was tested for Six European and two Canadian wheat cultivars and related to the rheological and fracture properties in uniaxial extension of optimally mixed flour–water doughs and doughs to which a mix of bakery additives was added. Extensive baking tests were performed as a function of water addition for puff pastry and as a function of water addition and mixing time for bread. For optimum baking performance, puff pastry doughs required lower water additions than bread doughs. Baking performance of the flours differed for the two products. For puff pastry, higher volumes were obtained per gram of flour than for bread. Puff pastry volume was positively correlated with optimum bread dough mixing time, while bread volume was not. Instead, bread volume was positively correlated with gluten protein content.All doughs exhibited strain hardening, a more than proportional increase of the stress with the strain. For all doughs fracture, stress and strain increased with increasing displacement speed of the hook and decreasing temperature. Large differences were observed between the cultivars regarding stress, strain hardening, strain rate-dependency of the stress, fracture stress and fracture strain. At both 25 and 45 °C, addition of a mix of bakery additives resulted in a decrease of the stress at relatively small strains and a significant increase of the strain hardening coefficient. Fracture strains remained the same or increased as a result of addition of the mix. Differences between flours regarding the strain rate and temperature-dependency of the fracture strain remained. The weaker the dough, the stronger the strain rate and temperature-dependency of the fracture strain.Puff pastry volume was positively correlated with strain hardening and negatively with the strain rate-dependency of the stress. In short, the stronger the dough, the higher the puff pastry volume. For bread, it were not the strongest doughs that gave the highest loaf volumes, but those with intermediate dough strength. Low volumes for puff pastry and bread were found for doughs having a low fracture stress and low strain hardening coefficients. Loaf volumes of flours with high dough strength (i.e. high stress-level and high strain hardening) gave intermediate loaf volumes. We concluded that a high stress can hamper the extensibility of dough films between gas cells, thus limiting the expansion of gas cells during fermentation and baking and hence the loaf volume that can be obtained. 相似文献
8.
This work evaluates rheological properties of dough and quality of bread prepared from the flour of ancient varieties and modern breeding lines of spelt compared to common wheat. Spelt flours of old varieties exhibited similar water absorption; the largest was noted in the STH-8 line flour. Spelt doughs had longer development time and were more stable than wheat dough. The doughs made of old spelt varieties were more resistant to extension than that produced from new lines flours. Of the spelt breads, this of the STH-8 line spelt line had the largest loaf volume but smaller than wheat bread. In addition, spelt doughs had similar porosity; the most porous was the bread baked from the Frankenkorn cv, Schwabenkorn cv and STH-8 line flours. Moreover, the crumb of the bread manufactured from the flours of spelt variety Frankenkorn and the STH 28-4614 line showed the greatest resistance to compression and the smallest compressibility. 相似文献
9.
In this study, sixteen wheat varieties for cultivation in China were examined for the flour characteristics using the farinograph, extensograph and rheofermentometer, uniaxial extensional rheology employing the extensograph and the Kieffer extensibility rig and biaxial extension by uniaxial compression of mixed dough with and without yeast, rested and fermented dough, and steamed bread quality including specific volume and texture properties. Three statistical analysis methods including Pearson correlation, principle component and stepwise multiple regression analysis were carried out to correlate dough properties with steamed bread quality. Biaxial extension viscosity was positively correlated with texture properties (hardness and chewiness) of steamed bread (r = 0.521–0.685, p < 0.05). Based on the correlation coefficients and the model (r2 = 0.852, p = 0.003) obtained using stepwise multiple regression analysis, the best predictors for specific volume of steamed bread were the maximum resistance to extension of rested dough (r = 0.664, p < 0.01) and total work for breakage of fermented dough (r = 0.662, p < 0.01). Principal component analysis of rheological properties of fermented dough and flour characteristics provided more useful information for discriminating wheat flour quality and help breeders to select most convenient wheat flour for the steamed bread making. 相似文献
10.
为更广泛利用黑小麦,用优质强筋小麦运旱115、运旱618的面粉分别与中筋黑小麦运黑101的面粉进行搭配,研究了不同复配粉的面筋指数变化规律和面包加工特性。结果表明,两个优质强筋小麦粉与中筋黑小麦运黑101复配,可以显著改善中筋黑小麦运黑101的面筋指数、抗延阻力、稳定时间;优质强筋小麦粉与运黑101面粉占比相等时,运旱115、运旱618对运黑101的面筋指数改进率较大,分别为10.57%、10.51%。综合分析对面包品质影响较大的硬度、胶黏性、咀嚼性等质构指标,发现运旱115与运黑101配粉比例为8∶2、5∶5时,运旱618与运黑101配粉比例为7∶3、6∶4时,运黑101面粉品质改善显著,用其制作的面包体积大、品质好。 相似文献
11.
为明确不同类型小麦的面粉改良方案,为我国优质面包专用粉的生产提供理论与技术支持,以三个筋力不同的小麦品种宁麦13、扬麦16和郑麦9023为材料,通过洗面筋法提取各供试材料的湿面筋,将其冷冻干燥后按照7%、8%、9%、10%、11%的添加比例与各自面粉进行配比,对配粉的面包烘焙品质、面粉理化性质和面团流变学特性进行了测定分析。结果发现,随着面筋蛋白添加量的提高,配粉的蛋白质、湿面筋、谷蛋白大聚体(GMP)含量和沉降值逐步上升;粘度参数和面团弱化度有所下降;糊化温度和糊化时间呈上升趋势。在同一添加量下,强筋小麦的烘焙品质和面粉理化性质始终优于中筋小麦和弱筋小麦。随着面筋蛋白添加量的提高,面包体积、弹性、回复性、内聚力增大,而硬度、咀嚼性减小,感官品质得到改善。面筋蛋白添加量超过一定范围(宁麦13、扬麦16添加9%,郑麦9023添加8%),面包品质改良效果变缓,且色泽不断加深。综上所述,适量添加面筋蛋白可改变面粉的理化性质,提高其面包烘焙品质;配粉的蛋白质含量为18%左右是最经济的面包烘焙品质改良方案。 相似文献
12.
《Journal of Cereal Science》1995,21(3):301-308
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of emulsifiers [sodium stearoyl-2-lactylate (SSL), glycerol mono stearate (GMS-90), di-acetyl tartaric acid esters of monoglycerides (DATEM), S-570, S-1170, S-1670, P-1670] on pita bread quality. Three flour types (soft wheat flour with 10·0% protein, hard red winter wheat flour with 11·6% protein, and hard red spring wheat flour with 14·4% protein) and three emulsifier concentrations (0·25%, 0·50%, 0·75%, flour basis) were used. Pita breads were baked in an air impingement oven. Loaves were scored on the first and second days, and the influence of the more effective emulsifiers on shelf life stability were investigated after 5 days. Analysis of variance indicated that the flour of moderate protein content (11·6%) resulted in the best overall product quality. The high protein flour (14·4%) gave a dough with high water absorption and bread loaves with dark crust color. On the other hand, the low protein flour (10·0%) had low water absorption. The loaves were uniform in texture and thickness for top and bottom layers, and had a light crust color. All emulsifiers improved the tearing quality of the product. The low concentration (0·25%) of SSL, S-1170, S-1670, and S-570 with flour of moderate protein content (11·6% protein) resulted in a good quality pita bread. No significant differences occurred amongst breads containing those emulsifiers for ability to roll and fold and tearing quality after 5 days of storage at room temperature. 相似文献
13.
为探究安徽省春性小麦品质育种进展,对参加安徽省淮南片2010-2019年春性小麦区试的154个品系（227份）样品进行品质性状分析,并根据不同品质分类标准进行评价。结果表明,供试材料平均容重为788.7±18.4 g·L-1,硬度指数为57.1±8.8,粗蛋白含量（干基）为13.24%±1.07%,湿面筋含量（14%水分基）为28.2%±3.0%,沉淀值（Zeleny法）为35.2±9.7 mL,吸水率为56.3%±3.8%,稳定时间为4.4±3.1 min,最大拉伸阻力为388±147 EU,能量为81.2±32.5 cm2。品质性状之间存在显著相关性,其中,粗蛋白含量与湿面筋含量、吸水率与硬度指数的相关系数均大于0.8,分别为0.898和0.888。各品质性状年份间表现不同的变化趋势,容重、湿面筋含量、沉淀值、稳定时间、最大拉伸阻力年份间波动明显,但没有明显规律;粗蛋白含量和能量呈缓慢下降趋势;而吸水率和硬度指数则比较稳定。根据国家小麦品种品质分类标准,227份样品中,有3.08%、11.01%和0.88%的样品全部指标分别达到中强筋、中筋和弱筋小麦标准,没有样品达到强筋小麦标准,多数品系品质指标之间存在强、中强、中、弱筋交错不协调现象。通过审定的品种中,仅有1个达到弱筋标准。 相似文献
14.
小麦籽粒多酚氧化酶（polyphenol oxidase,PPO）活性是造成面粉及其制品酶促褐变的最主要原因。为快速、准确地检测小麦籽粒PPO活性,将酶标仪应用于PPO活性测定,对小麦籽粒PPO活性传统检测方法（AACC 22-85.01）进行了改良,并利用改良方法测定了283份国内外小麦品种PPO活性。结果表明,改良方法与传统方法所测PPO活性呈极显著正相关,相关系数达0.982。应用改良方法对144份小麦品种PPO活性进行重复测定,三次重复间的相关系数高达0.993～0.994。283份国内外小麦品种PPO活性变异范围为1.12 U·g-1·min-1～10.95 U·g-1·min-1,筛选到34份PPO活性较低的品种,可作为亲本材料用于低籽粒PPO活性小麦品种选育。与传统方法相比,改良方法大大减少了工作量,缩短了检测时间,效率提高约12～15倍。因此,本研究中改良的AACC 22-85.01法是一个操作简便、准确可靠、稳定高效的小麦籽粒PPO活性检测方法,可代替传统AACC 22-85.01法用于PPO活性大规模测定,为面制品色泽性状遗传改良提供技术支撑。 相似文献
15.
Endogenous arabinoxylans variability in refined wheat flour and its relationship with quality traits
Arabinoxylans (AXs) are the major dietary fiber (DF) component in wheat and their consumption has been associated with several health benefits. Genetic improvement of the AX in refined wheat flour could be a good solution to improve the DF daily consumption while maintaining the flour desirable quality. In this study, 193 common wheat lines were analyzed for their AX content in refined flour and end-use quality. Wide variation in both the total arabinoxylan (TOT-AX) (10.8–16.5 mg/g) and water-extractable arabinoxylan (WE-AX) (3.2–7.6 mg/g) was identified and, in both cases, the genotype had the greatest impact on the observed phenotypes. Variation in the endogenous AX fractions appeared to have a moderate effect on wheat quality. The WE-AX, specifically, were positively correlated with gluten strength (r = 0.11 to 0.32) and bread loaf volume (r = 0.16), whereas the TOT-AX were negatively correlated with dough extensibility (r = −0.11) and bread making quality (r = −0.11). Overall, results of this study show that the genetic improvement of grain AX is feasible and that the AXs present in refined flour do not dramatically alter wheat quality indicating that it is possible to select varieties with high AX endosperm content end desired end-use quality. 相似文献
16.
An experimental method for biaxial extensional measurements on wheat flour doughs in a squeezing flow geometry is reported, in which the speed is controlled so as to be proportional to the gap between the disks, resulting in a constant extensional strain rate in the sample. In such measurements, the stress was obtained directly as a function of Hencky strain at constant pre-set strain rate. This allowed a straightforward evaluation of the strain hardening phenomenon, its onset and strength. Measurements were made at three strain rates and at Hencky strains varying from 0 to 3 for 15 winter wheat cultivars, five of high (H), five of intermediate (M) and five of low (L) protein content and baking performance. It was concluded that all three groups showed strain hardening, which started before a Hencky strain value of 1 was reached. All three groups, at all three strain rates satisfied the stability criterion n>Hat all values of Hencky strain (n is the strain hardening index in the power-law representation σ=KHnwhere σ is the stress, His the Hencky strain, and K is a constant). Differences between the groups were seen most clearly at the lowest strain rate: (i) the onset occurred at a lower Hencky strain, the higher the protein content and baking quality; (ii) the strain hardening index reached a maximum just before a Hencky strain of 2, where the H group had a 25% higher value than the M and L groups. 相似文献
17.
谷蛋白溶涨指数在小麦品质评价中的应用价值分析 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3
为了评价谷蛋白溶涨指数（SIG,Swelling index of glutenin）在小麦品质育种中的应用价值,检测了不同材料的面粉、配粉以及全麦粉的Zeleny沉淀值、SDS沉淀值和SIG,并分析了SIG与Zeleny沉淀值和SDS沉淀值的相关性。结果表明,基因型和种植环境各不相同的160份面粉样品的SIG与Zeleny沉淀值和SDS沉淀值之间均呈显著正相关,配粉的SIG能较好地反映出样品中面筋含量和质量的差异,说明SIG是一个比较可靠的品质评价指标;纯合品种面粉的SIG、Zeleny沉淀值、全麦粉的SIG、SDS沉淀值之间的相关性均达1％显著水平,其中全麦粉SIG与Zeleny沉淀值（面粉）相关更为密切,说明全麦粉的SIG与Zeleny沉淀值一样稳定有效,可以弥补Zeleny沉淀法不能用于全麦粉测试的缺憾;在广泛分离的育种群体中验证,SIG方法可成功应用于分离世代单株全麦粉的品质筛选。 相似文献
18.
Wheat flour replacement from 0 to 40% by single tef flours from three Ethiopian varieties DZ-01-99 (brown grain tef), DZ-Cr-37 (white grain tef) and DZ-Cr-387 (Quncho, white grain tef) yielded a technologically viable ciabatta type composite bread with acceptable sensory properties and enhanced nutritional value, as compared to 100% refined wheat flour. Incorporation of tef flour from 30% to 40% imparted discreet negative effects in terms of decreased loaf volume and crumb resilience, and increase of crumb hardness in brown tef blended breads. Increment of crumb hardness on aging was in general much lower in tef blended breads compared to wheat bread counterparts, revealing slower firming kinetics, especially for brown tef blended breads. Blended breads with 40% white tef exhibited similar extent and variable rate of retrogradation kinetics along storage, while brown tef-blended breads retrograded slower but in higher extent than control wheat flour breads. Breads that contains 40% tef grain flour were found to contain five folds (DZ-01-99, DZ-Cr-387) to 10 folds (DZ-Cr-37) Fe, three folds Mn, twice Cu, Zn and Mg, and 1.5 times Ca, K, and P contents as compared to the contents found in 100% refined wheat grain flour breads. In addition, suitable dietary trends for lower rapidly digestible starch and starch digestion rate index were met from tef grain flour fortified breads. 相似文献
19.
This study determined the lignan content of seven varieties of triticale grain and compared these values with wheat and rye grain, with triticale milling fractions (bran, shorts, and refined flour), and triticale products (sprouted grain, malt, fermented bread dough, baked dough, dried pasta and cooked pasta). Acid hydrolysis and enzymatic hydrolysis were used to release the lignans in extracts. We carried out qualitative and quantitative analysis of secoisolariciresinol, matairesinol, lariciresinol, syringaresinol, and pinoresinol levels using an Acquity UPLC liquid chromatograph with photodiode and mass Acquity TQD detectors. The most abundant lignan in all samples was syringaresinol, which made up 80% of all lignans. The lignan content of triticale grain varied from 392 to 792 μg·100gd·m−1 (acid hydrolysis) and from 685 to 1189 μg·100gd·m−1(enzymatic hydrolysis), depending on the variety. The lignan levels in triticale bran were almost three times those found in the grain; in flour, there was one fifth or even one tenth as much, whereas the shorts had similar levels as the grain. After three days of germination, the amount of lignans in the triticale grain increased by 17%–32%. A greater increase in lignan content (by factors of 1.4 and 2.3) was found in triticale after extrusion cooking. Fermentation led to lignan concentrations increasing slightly (2–14%), but this was then reduced in the baking process. Extracts from dry pasta contained similar or lower amounts than did the raw material, but the concentration was higher in cooked pasta (14%–47%). The enzymatic hydrolyzed extracts contained on average 36% higher lignan content than did the acid hydrolyzed samples. 相似文献
20.
Abdelmoneim I. Mustafa M. Saleh Al-Jassir M. A. Nawawy S. E. Ahmed 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》1995,48(4):279-286
Samh seeds obtained from Al-Jouf area were ground into flour analyzed and used as a replacement for wheat in the ratio of 10, 20 and 30% for bread and 30, 60 100% for cookies. The rheological effect of the Samh flour on Saudi wheat flour was also studied. The bread and cookies obtained were evaluated physically and by sensory evaluation. The results obtained indicated that samh flour has high protein content and could be used as a replacement for wheat flour upto 30% without adversely affecting the bread specific volume much. Samh flour has improved the cookies appearance specially the colour (chocolate colour) and spreading ratio. The results also revealed that it is possible to make cookies from 100% samh flour. Due to the high protein content of the samh seeds the nutritional value of the bread and cookies made with samh flour will be improved. The results of the sensory evaluation of the bread and cookies indicated that the bread made with samh flour upto 30% has similar characters except for the crumb color and the overall acceptability which were rated as significantly inferior. The sensory evaluation of the cookies showed that the cookies made with samh flour upto 100% were significantly superior (p<0.05) to the cookies made with 100% wheat flour (control). 相似文献